{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/22.1-279.1_1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/22.1-279.1_1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/22.1-279.1_1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/22.1-279.1_1.html"}],"law_id":66124,"edition_id":1,"section_id":66124,"structure_id":13097,"section_number":"22.1-279.1:1","catch_line":"The use of seclusion and restraint in public schools; Board of Education regulations","history":"2015, cc. 142, 147; 2019, c. 591.","full_text":"The Board shall adopt regulations on the use of seclusion and restraint in public elementary and secondary schools in the Commonwealth that (i) are consistent with its Guidelines for the Development of Policies and Procedures for Managing Student Behavior in Emergency Situations and the Fifteen Principles contained in the U.S. Department of Education&#8217;s Restraint and Seclusion: Resource Document; (ii) include definitions, criteria for use, restrictions for use, training requirements, notification requirements, reporting requirements, and follow-up requirements; and (iii) address distinctions, including distinctions in emotional and physical development, between (a) the general student population and the special education student population and (b) elementary school students and secondary school students. The Board shall specifically (1) identify and prohibit the use of any method of restraint or seclusion that it determines poses a significant danger to the student and (2) establish safety standards for seclusion.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":240213,"text":"The Board shall adopt regulations on the use of seclusion and restraint in public elementary and secondary schools in the Commonwealth that (i) are consistent with its Guidelines for the Development of Policies and Procedures for Managing Student Behavior in Emergency Situations and the Fifteen Principles contained in the U.S. Department of Education&#8217;s Restraint and Seclusion: Resource Document; (ii) include definitions, criteria for use, restrictions for use, training requirements, notification requirements, reporting requirements, and follow-up requirements; and (iii) address distinctions, including distinctions in emotional and physical development, between (a) the general student population and the special education student population and (b) elementary school students and secondary school students. The Board shall specifically (1) identify and prohibit the use of any method of restraint or seclusion that it determines poses a significant danger to the student and (2) establish safety standards for seclusion.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":13097,"edition_id":1,"name":"Discipline","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12850,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:17","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:17","permalink":{"id":182375,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13097,"identifier":"3","token":"22.1\/14\/3","url":"\/22.1\/14\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12850,"edition_id":1,"name":"Pupils","identifier":"14","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12823,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:56","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:56","permalink":{"id":182133,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12850,"identifier":"14","token":"22.1\/14","url":"\/22.1\/14\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12823,"edition_id":1,"name":"Education","identifier":"22.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","permalink":{"id":180949,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12823,"identifier":"22.1","token":"22.1","url":"\/22.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":84373,"structure_id":13097,"section_number":"22.1-276","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/22.1-276\/","token":"22.1\/14\/3\/22.1-276","metadata":false},{"id":77797,"structure_id":13097,"section_number":"22.1-276.01","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/22.1-276.01\/","token":"22.1\/14\/3\/22.1-276.01","metadata":false},{"id":59130,"structure_id":13097,"section_number":"22.1-276.1","catch_line":"Expired","url":"\/22.1-276.1\/","token":"22.1\/14\/3\/22.1-276.1","metadata":false},{"id":59973,"structure_id":13097,"section_number":"22.1-276.2","catch_line":"Removal of students from classes","url":"\/22.1-276.2\/","token":"22.1\/14\/3\/22.1-276.2","metadata":false},{"id":67307,"structure_id":13097,"section_number":"22.1-276.3","catch_line":"Ineligibility of students to compete in athletic competitions","url":"\/22.1-276.3\/","token":"22.1\/14\/3\/22.1-276.3","metadata":false},{"id":87441,"structure_id":13097,"section_number":"22.1-277","catch_line":"Suspensions and expulsions of students generally","url":"\/22.1-277\/","token":"22.1\/14\/3\/22.1-277","metadata":false},{"id":60099,"structure_id":13097,"section_number":"22.1-277.01","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/22.1-277.01\/","token":"22.1\/14\/3\/22.1-277.01","metadata":false},{"id":56964,"structure_id":13097,"section_number":"22.1-277.04","catch_line":"Short-term suspension; 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The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?151+ful+CHAP0142\">142<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?151+ful+CHAP0147\">147<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2019, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?191+ful+CHAP0591\">591<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":182461,"object_type":"law","relational_id":66124,"identifier":"22.1-279.1:1","token":"22.1\/14\/3\/22.1-279.1_1","url":"\/22.1-279.1_1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/22.1-279.1_1\/","token":"22.1\/14\/3\/22.1-279.1_1","dublin_core":{"Title":"The use of seclusion and restraint in public schools; Board of Education regulations","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 22.1-279.1:1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>The <span class=\"dictionary\">Board<\/span> shall adopt regulations on the use of seclusion and restraint in public <span class=\"dictionary\">elementary<\/span> and secondary schools in the Commonwealth that (i) are consistent with its Guidelines for the Development of Policies and Procedures for Managing Student Behavior in Emergency Situations and the Fifteen Principles contained in the U.S. <span class=\"dictionary\">Department<\/span> of Education&#8217;s Restraint and Seclusion: Resource Document; (ii) include definitions, criteria for use, restrictions for use, training requirements, notification requirements, reporting requirements, and follow-up requirements; and (iii) address distinctions, including distinctions in emotional and physical development, between (a) the general student population and the special education student population and (b) <span class=\"dictionary\">elementary<\/span> school students and secondary school students. The <span class=\"dictionary\">Board<\/span> shall specifically (1) identify and prohibit the use of any method of restraint or seclusion that it determines poses a significant danger to the student and (2) establish safety standards for seclusion.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nTHE USE OF SECLUSION AND RESTRAINT IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS; BOARD OF EDUCATION\nREGULATIONS (\u00a7 22.1-279.1:1)\n\nThe Board shall adopt regulations on the use of seclusion and restraint in\npublic elementary and secondary schools in the Commonwealth that (i) are\nconsistent with its Guidelines for the Development of Policies and Procedures\nfor Managing Student Behavior in Emergency Situations and the Fifteen Principles\ncontained in the U.S. Department of Education&#8217;s Restraint and Seclusion:\nResource Document; (ii) include definitions, criteria for use, restrictions for\nuse, training requirements, notification requirements, reporting requirements,\nand follow-up requirements; and (iii) address distinctions, including\ndistinctions in emotional and physical development, between (a) the general\nstudent population and the special education student population and (b)\nelementary school students and secondary school students. The Board shall\nspecifically (1) identify and prohibit the use of any method of restraint or\nseclusion that it determines poses a significant danger to the student and (2)\nestablish safety standards for seclusion.\n\nHISTORY: 2015, cc. 142, 147; 2019, c. 591.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}