{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/22.1-287.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/22.1-287.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/22.1-287.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/22.1-287.1.html"}],"law_id":87124,"edition_id":1,"section_id":87124,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-287.1","catch_line":"Directory information","history":"1983, c. 432; 2018, c. 806; 2019, c. 229.","full_text":"A\n\nNotwithstanding §§ 22.1-287 and 22.1-288, directory information, as defined by the federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (20 U.S.C. § 1232g) (FERPA), and which may include a student’s name, sex, address, telephone listing, date and place of birth, major field of study, participation in officially recognized activities and sports, weight and height as a member of an athletic team, dates of attendance, degrees and awards received, and other similar information, may be disclosed in accordance with federal and state law and regulations, provided that the school has given notice to the parent or eligible student of (i) the types of information that the school has designated as directory information, (ii) the right of the parent or eligible student to refuse the designation of any or all of the types of information about the student as directory information, and (iii) the period of time within which the parent or eligible student must notify the school in writing that he does not want any or all of the types of information about the student designated as directory information. However, no school shall disclose the address, telephone number, or email address of a student pursuant to the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (§ 2.2-3700 et seq.) unless the parent or eligible student has affirmatively consented in writing to such disclosure. Additionally, except as required by state or federal law, no school shall disclose the address, telephone number, or email address of a student pursuant to 34 C.F.R. § 99.31(a)(11) unless (a) the disclosure is to students enrolled in the school or to school board employees for educational purposes or school business and the parent or eligible student has not opted out of such disclosure in accordance with this subsection and school board policy or (b) the parent or eligible student has affirmatively consented in writing to such disclosure. This subsection shall not apply to any disclosure, other than a disclosure pursuant to 34 C.F.R. § 99.31(a)(11), permitted under FERPA.B\n\nFor purposes of this section, an “eligible student” is a student 18 years of age or older or a student under the age of 18 who is emancipated.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":311961,"text":"Notwithstanding §§ 22.1-287 and 22.1-288, directory information, as defined by the federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (20 U.S.C. § 1232g) (FERPA), and which may include a student’s name, sex, address, telephone listing, date and place of birth, major field of study, participation in officially recognized activities and sports, weight and height as a member of an athletic team, dates of attendance, degrees and awards received, and other similar information, may be disclosed in accordance with federal and state law and regulations, provided that the school has given notice to the parent or eligible student of (i) the types of information that the school has designated as directory information, (ii) the right of the parent or eligible student to refuse the designation of any or all of the types of information about the student as directory information, and (iii) the period of time within which the parent or eligible student must notify the school in writing that he does not want any or all of the types of information about the student designated as directory information. However, no school shall disclose the address, telephone number, or email address of a student pursuant to the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (§ 2.2-3700 et seq.) unless the parent or eligible student has affirmatively consented in writing to such disclosure. Additionally, except as required by state or federal law, no school shall disclose the address, telephone number, or email address of a student pursuant to 34 C.F.R. § 99.31(a)(11) unless (a) the disclosure is to students enrolled in the school or to school board employees for educational purposes or school business and the parent or eligible student has not opted out of such disclosure in accordance with this subsection and school board policy or (b) the parent or eligible student has affirmatively consented in writing to such disclosure. This subsection shall not apply to any disclosure, other than a disclosure pursuant to 34 C.F.R. § 99.31(a)(11), permitted under FERPA.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":311962,"text":"For purposes of this section, an “eligible student” is a student 18 years of age or older or a student under the age of 18 who is emancipated.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A"}},"ancestry":[{"id":12851,"edition_id":1,"name":"Pupil Records","identifier":"5","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12850,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:56","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:56","permalink":{"id":182551,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12851,"identifier":"5","token":"22.1\/14\/5","url":"\/22.1\/14\/5\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12850,"edition_id":1,"name":"Pupils","identifier":"14","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12823,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:56","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:56","permalink":{"id":182133,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12850,"identifier":"14","token":"22.1\/14","url":"\/22.1\/14\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12823,"edition_id":1,"name":"Education","identifier":"22.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","permalink":{"id":180949,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12823,"identifier":"22.1","token":"22.1","url":"\/22.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":86899,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-287","catch_line":"Limitations on access to records","url":"\/22.1-287\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-287","metadata":false},{"id":64521,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-287.01","catch_line":"Student information; release to federal government agencies","url":"\/22.1-287.01\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-287.01","metadata":false},{"id":86812,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-287.02","catch_line":"Students' personally identifiable information","url":"\/22.1-287.02\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-287.02","metadata":false},{"id":70818,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-287.03","catch_line":"Unique student identification numbers","url":"\/22.1-287.03\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-287.03","metadata":false},{"id":57436,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-287.04","catch_line":"Uniformed services-connected students","url":"\/22.1-287.04\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-287.04","metadata":false},{"id":65594,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-287.05","catch_line":"Student identification cards; 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline; requirement","url":"\/22.1-287.05\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-287.05","metadata":false},{"id":87124,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-287.1","catch_line":"Directory information","url":"\/22.1-287.1\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-287.1","metadata":false},{"id":66136,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-288","catch_line":"Furnishing information to public or private school or institution of higher education or private business or professional school or institution of higher education or military force","url":"\/22.1-288\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-288","metadata":false},{"id":65641,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-288.1","catch_line":"Notation in school records of missing children; local law-enforcement cooperation","url":"\/22.1-288.1\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-288.1","metadata":false},{"id":60447,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-288.2","catch_line":"Receipt, dissemination and maintenance of records of certain law-enforcement information","url":"\/22.1-288.2\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-288.2","metadata":false},{"id":53992,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-288.3","catch_line":"Records; redaction of foster parent's address upon written request","url":"\/22.1-288.3\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-288.3","metadata":false},{"id":80543,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-289","catch_line":"Transfer and management of scholastic records; disclosure of information in court notices; penalty","url":"\/22.1-289\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-289","metadata":false},{"id":80200,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-289.01","catch_line":"School service providers; school-affiliated entities; school-issued devices; student personal information","url":"\/22.1-289.01\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-289.01","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":65594,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-287.05","catch_line":"Student identification cards; 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline; requirement","url":"\/22.1-287.05\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-287.05","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":66136,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-288","catch_line":"Furnishing information to public or private school or institution of higher education or private business or professional school or institution of higher education or military force","url":"\/22.1-288\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-288","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/22.1-287.1\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1983. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 432 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1983 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2018, chapter 806<\/a>; in 2019, chapter 229<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":55569,"section_number":"2.2-3700","catch_line":"Short title; policy","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-3700\/"},{"id":86899,"section_number":"22.1-287","catch_line":"Limitations on access to records","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-287\/"},{"id":66136,"section_number":"22.1-288","catch_line":"Furnishing information to public or private school or institution of higher education or private business or professional school or institution of higher education or military force","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-288\/"}],"permalink":{"id":182577,"object_type":"law","relational_id":87124,"identifier":"22.1-287.1","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-287.1","url":"\/22.1-287.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/22.1-287.1\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-287.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Directory information","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 22.1-287.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Notwithstanding §§ 22.1-287<\/a> and 22.1-288<\/a>, directory information, as defined by the federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (20 U.S.C. § 1232g) (FERPA), and which may include a student’s name, sex, address, telephone listing, date and place of birth, major field of study, participation in officially recognized activities and sports, weight and height as a member of an athletic team, dates of attendance, degrees and awards received, and other similar information, may be disclosed in accordance with federal and state law<\/span> and regulations, provided that the school has given notice to the parent<\/span> or eligible student of (i) the types of information that the school has designated as directory information, (ii) the right of the parent<\/span> or eligible student to refuse the designation of any or all of the types of information about the student as directory information, and (iii) the period of time within which the parent<\/span> or eligible student must notify the school in writing that he does not want any or all of the types of information about the student designated as directory information. However, no school shall disclose the address, telephone number, or email address of a student pursuant to the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (§ 2.2-3700<\/a> et seq.) unless the parent<\/span> or eligible student has affirmatively consented in writing to such disclosure. Additionally, except as required by state or federal law<\/span>, no school shall disclose the address, telephone number, or email address of a student pursuant to 34 C.F.R. § 99.31(a)(11) unless (a) the disclosure is to students enrolled in the school or to school board<\/span> employees for educational purposes or school business and the parent<\/span> or eligible student has not opted out of such disclosure in accordance with this subsection and school board<\/span> policy or (b) the parent<\/span> or eligible student has affirmatively consented in writing to such disclosure. This subsection shall not apply to any disclosure, other than a disclosure pursuant to 34 C.F.R. § 99.31(a)(11), permitted under FERPA. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> For purposes of this section, an “eligible student” is a student 18 years of age or older or a student under the age of 18 who is emancipated. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDIRECTORY INFORMATION (\u00a7 22.1-287.1)\n\nA. Notwithstanding §§ 22.1-287 and 22.1-288, directory information, as\ndefined by the federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (20 U.S.C.\n§ 1232g) (FERPA), and which may include a student’s name, sex,\naddress, telephone listing, date and place of birth, major field of study,\nparticipation in officially recognized activities and sports, weight and height\nas a member of an athletic team, dates of attendance, degrees and awards\nreceived, and other similar information, may be disclosed in accordance with\nfederal and state law and regulations, provided that the school has given notice\nto the parent or eligible student of (i) the types of information that the\nschool has designated as directory information, (ii) the right of the parent or\neligible student to refuse the designation of any or all of the types of\ninformation about the student as directory information, and (iii) the period of\ntime within which the parent or eligible student must notify the school in\nwriting that he does not want any or all of the types of information about the\nstudent designated as directory information. However, no school shall disclose\nthe address, telephone number, or email address of a student pursuant to the\nVirginia Freedom of Information Act (§ 2.2-3700 et seq.) unless the parent\nor eligible student has affirmatively consented in writing to such disclosure.\nAdditionally, except as required by state or federal law, no school shall\ndisclose the address, telephone number, or email address of a student pursuant\nto 34 C.F.R. § 99.31(a)(11) unless (a) the disclosure is to students\nenrolled in the school or to school board employees for educational purposes or\nschool business and the parent or eligible student has not opted out of such\ndisclosure in accordance with this subsection and school board policy or (b) the\nparent or eligible student has affirmatively consented in writing to such\ndisclosure. This subsection shall not apply to any disclosure, other than a\ndisclosure pursuant to 34 C.F.R. § 99.31(a)(11), permitted under FERPA.\n\nB. For purposes of this section, an “eligible student” is a student\n18 years of age or older or a student under the age of 18 who is emancipated.\n\nHISTORY: 1983, c. 432; 2018, c. 806; 2019, c. 229.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}