{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/22.1-287.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/22.1-287.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/22.1-287.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/22.1-287.html"}],"law_id":86899,"edition_id":1,"section_id":86899,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-287","catch_line":"Limitations on access to records","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 22-275.26; 1975, c. 639; 1976, c. 682; 1980, c. 559; 1981, c. 535; 1996, c. 1000; 1997, c. 910; 2002, c. 747; 2007, cc. 48, 555; 2018, c. 806.","full_text":"A\n\nNo teacher, principal or employee of any public school nor any school board member shall permit access to any records concerning any particular pupil enrolled in the school in any class to any person except under judicial process unless the person is one of the following:1\n\nEither parent of such pupil or such pupil; provided that a school board may require that such pupil, if he be less than 18 years of age, as a condition precedent to access to such records, furnish written consent of his or her parent for such access;2\n\nA person designated in writing by such pupil if the pupil is 18 years of age or older or by either parent of such pupil if the pupil is less than 18 years of age;3\n\nThe principal, or someone designated by him, of a school where the pupil attends, has attended, or intends to enroll;4\n\nThe current teachers of such pupil;5\n\nState or local law-enforcement or correctional personnel, including a law-enforcement officer, probation officer, parole officer or administrator, or a member of a parole board, seeking information in the course of his duties;6\n\nThe Superintendent of Public Instruction, a member of his staff, the division superintendent of schools where the pupil attends, has attended, or intends to enroll or a member of his staff;7\n\nAn officer or employee of a county or city agency responsible for protective services to children, as to a pupil referred to that agency as a minor requiring investigation or supervision by that agency.B\n\nA parent or pupil entitled to see the records pursuant to subdivision A 1 shall have access to all records relating to such pupil maintained by the school except as otherwise provided by law and need only appear in person during regular hours of the school day and request to see such records. No material concerning such pupil shall be edited or withheld except as otherwise provided by law, and the parent or pupil shall be entitled to read such material personally.C\n\nThe giving of information by school personnel concerning participation in athletics and other school activities, the winning of scholastic or other honors and awards, and other like information shall be governed by the provisions of &#xA7; 22.1-287.1.D\n\nNotwithstanding the restrictions imposed by this section:1\n\nA division superintendent of schools may, in his discretion, provide information to the staff of an institution of higher education or educational research and development organization or laboratory if such information is necessary to a research project or study conducted, sponsored, or approved by the institution of higher education or educational research and development organization or laboratory and if no pupil will be identified by name in the information provided for research;2\n\nThe name and address of a pupil, the record of a pupil&#8217;s daily attendance, a pupil&#8217;s scholastic record in the form of grades received in school subjects, the names of a pupil&#8217;s parents, a pupil&#8217;s date and place of birth, and the names and addresses of other schools a pupil has attended may be released to an officer or employee of the United States government seeking this information in the course of his duties when the pupil is a veteran of military service with the United States, an orphan or dependent of such veteran, or an alien;3\n\nThe record of a pupil&#8217;s daily attendance shall be open for inspection and reproduction to an employee of a local department of social services who needs the record to determine the eligibility of the pupil&#8217;s family for public assistance and social services;4\n\nThe principal or his designee may disclose identifying information from a pupil&#8217;s scholastic record for the purpose of furthering the ability of the juvenile justice system to effectively serve the pupil prior to adjudication. In addition to those agencies or personnel identified in subdivisions A 5 and 7, the principal or his designee may disclose identifying information from a pupil&#8217;s scholastic record to attorneys for the Commonwealth, court services units, juvenile detention centers or group homes, mental and medical health agencies, state and local children and family service agencies, and the Department of Juvenile Justice and to the staff of such agencies. Prior to disclosure of any such scholastic records, the persons to whom the records are to be disclosed shall certify in writing to the principal or his designee that the information will not be disclosed to any other party, except as provided under state law, without the prior written consent of the parent of the pupil or by such pupil if the pupil is 18 years of age or older.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":311108,"text":"No teacher, principal or employee of any public school nor any school board member shall permit access to any records concerning any particular pupil enrolled in the school in any class to any person except under judicial process unless the person is one of the following:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":311109,"text":"Either parent of such pupil or such pupil; provided that a school board may require that such pupil, if he be less than 18 years of age, as a condition precedent to access to such records, furnish written consent of his or her parent for such access;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":311110,"text":"A person designated in writing by such pupil if the pupil is 18 years of age or older or by either parent of such pupil if the pupil is less than 18 years of age;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":311111,"text":"The principal, or someone designated by him, of a school where the pupil attends, has attended, or intends to enroll;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"A4"},"4":{"id":311112,"text":"The current teachers of such pupil;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"A4","prefix_anchor":"A4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"A5"},"5":{"id":311113,"text":"State or local law-enforcement or correctional personnel, including a law-enforcement officer, probation officer, parole officer or administrator, or a member of a parole board, seeking information in the course of his duties;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"A5","prefix_anchor":"A5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A4","next_prefix":"A6"},"6":{"id":311114,"text":"The Superintendent of Public Instruction, a member of his staff, the division superintendent of schools where the pupil attends, has attended, or intends to enroll or a member of his staff;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"A6","prefix_anchor":"A6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A5","next_prefix":"A7"},"7":{"id":311115,"text":"An officer or employee of a county or city agency responsible for protective services to children, as to a pupil referred to that agency as a minor requiring investigation or supervision by that agency.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"A7","prefix_anchor":"A7","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A6","next_prefix":"B"},"8":{"id":311116,"text":"A parent or pupil entitled to see the records pursuant to subdivision A 1 shall have access to all records relating to such pupil maintained by the school except as otherwise provided by law and need only appear in person during regular hours of the school day and request to see such records. No material concerning such pupil shall be edited or withheld except as otherwise provided by law, and the parent or pupil shall be entitled to read such material personally.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A7","next_prefix":"C"},"9":{"id":311117,"text":"The giving of information by school personnel concerning participation in athletics and other school activities, the winning of scholastic or other honors and awards, and other like information shall be governed by the provisions of &#xA7; 22.1-287.1.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"10":{"id":311118,"text":"Notwithstanding the restrictions imposed by this section:","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"D1"},"11":{"id":311119,"text":"A division superintendent of schools may, in his discretion, provide information to the staff of an institution of higher education or educational research and development organization or laboratory if such information is necessary to a research project or study conducted, sponsored, or approved by the institution of higher education or educational research and development organization or laboratory and if no pupil will be identified by name in the information provided for research;","type":"section","prefixes":["D","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"D1","prefix_anchor":"D1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"D2"},"12":{"id":311120,"text":"The name and address of a pupil, the record of a pupil&#8217;s daily attendance, a pupil&#8217;s scholastic record in the form of grades received in school subjects, the names of a pupil&#8217;s parents, a pupil&#8217;s date and place of birth, and the names and addresses of other schools a pupil has attended may be released to an officer or employee of the United States government seeking this information in the course of his duties when the pupil is a veteran of military service with the United States, an orphan or dependent of such veteran, or an alien;","type":"section","prefixes":["D","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"D2","prefix_anchor":"D2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D1","next_prefix":"D3"},"13":{"id":311121,"text":"The record of a pupil&#8217;s daily attendance shall be open for inspection and reproduction to an employee of a local department of social services who needs the record to determine the eligibility of the pupil&#8217;s family for public assistance and social services;","type":"section","prefixes":["D","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"D3","prefix_anchor":"D3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D2","next_prefix":"D4"},"14":{"id":311122,"text":"The principal or his designee may disclose identifying information from a pupil&#8217;s scholastic record for the purpose of furthering the ability of the juvenile justice system to effectively serve the pupil prior to adjudication. In addition to those agencies or personnel identified in subdivisions A 5 and 7, the principal or his designee may disclose identifying information from a pupil&#8217;s scholastic record to attorneys for the Commonwealth, court services units, juvenile detention centers or group homes, mental and medical health agencies, state and local children and family service agencies, and the Department of Juvenile Justice and to the staff of such agencies. Prior to disclosure of any such scholastic records, the persons to whom the records are to be disclosed shall certify in writing to the principal or his designee that the information will not be disclosed to any other party, except as provided under state law, without the prior written consent of the parent of the pupil or by such pupil if the pupil is 18 years of age or older.","type":"section","prefixes":["D","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"D4","prefix_anchor":"D4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":12851,"edition_id":1,"name":"Pupil Records","identifier":"5","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12850,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:56","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:56","permalink":{"id":182551,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12851,"identifier":"5","token":"22.1\/14\/5","url":"\/22.1\/14\/5\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12850,"edition_id":1,"name":"Pupils","identifier":"14","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12823,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:56","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:56","permalink":{"id":182133,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12850,"identifier":"14","token":"22.1\/14","url":"\/22.1\/14\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12823,"edition_id":1,"name":"Education","identifier":"22.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","permalink":{"id":180949,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12823,"identifier":"22.1","token":"22.1","url":"\/22.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":86899,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-287","catch_line":"Limitations on access to records","url":"\/22.1-287\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-287","metadata":false},{"id":64521,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-287.01","catch_line":"Student information; release to federal government agencies","url":"\/22.1-287.01\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-287.01","metadata":false},{"id":86812,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-287.02","catch_line":"Students' personally identifiable information","url":"\/22.1-287.02\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-287.02","metadata":false},{"id":70818,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-287.03","catch_line":"Unique student identification numbers","url":"\/22.1-287.03\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-287.03","metadata":false},{"id":57436,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-287.04","catch_line":"Uniformed services-connected students","url":"\/22.1-287.04\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-287.04","metadata":false},{"id":65594,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-287.05","catch_line":"Student identification cards; 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline; requirement","url":"\/22.1-287.05\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-287.05","metadata":false},{"id":87124,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-287.1","catch_line":"Directory information","url":"\/22.1-287.1\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-287.1","metadata":false},{"id":66136,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-288","catch_line":"Furnishing information to public or private school or institution of higher education or private business or professional school or institution of higher education or military force","url":"\/22.1-288\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-288","metadata":false},{"id":65641,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-288.1","catch_line":"Notation in school records of missing children; local law-enforcement cooperation","url":"\/22.1-288.1\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-288.1","metadata":false},{"id":60447,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-288.2","catch_line":"Receipt, dissemination and maintenance of records of certain law-enforcement information","url":"\/22.1-288.2\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-288.2","metadata":false},{"id":53992,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-288.3","catch_line":"Records; redaction of foster parent's address upon written request","url":"\/22.1-288.3\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-288.3","metadata":false},{"id":80543,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-289","catch_line":"Transfer and management of scholastic records; disclosure of information in court notices; penalty","url":"\/22.1-289\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-289","metadata":false},{"id":80200,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-289.01","catch_line":"School service providers; school-affiliated entities; school-issued devices; student personal information","url":"\/22.1-289.01\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-289.01","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":64521,"structure_id":12851,"section_number":"22.1-287.01","catch_line":"Student information; release to federal government agencies","url":"\/22.1-287.01\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-287.01","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/22.1-287\/","history_text":"<p>The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 9 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1975, chapter 639; in 1976, chapter 682; in 1980, chapter 559; in 1981, chapter 535; in 1996, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?961+ful+CHAP1000\">1000<\/a>; in 1997, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?971+ful+CHAP0910\">910<\/a>; in 2002, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?021+ful+CHAP0747\">747<\/a>; in 2007, chapters <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?071+ful+CHAP0048\">48<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?071+ful+CHAP0555\">555<\/a>; in 2018, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?181+ful+CHAP0806\">806<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":80744,"section_number":"16.1-330.1","catch_line":"Serious or Habitual Offender Comprehensive Action Program; definition; disclosure of information; penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-330.1\/"},{"id":78246,"section_number":"22.1-274.2","catch_line":"Possession and administration of inhaled asthma medications, epinephrine, glucagon, and seizure rescue medications by certain students or school board employees","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-274.2\/"},{"id":87124,"section_number":"22.1-287.1","catch_line":"Directory information","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-287.1\/"},{"id":66136,"section_number":"22.1-288","catch_line":"Furnishing information to public or private school or institution of higher education or private business or professional school or institution of higher education or military force","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-288\/"},{"id":80543,"section_number":"22.1-289","catch_line":"Transfer and management of scholastic records; disclosure of information in court notices; penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-289\/"},{"id":81351,"section_number":"22.1-3","catch_line":"Persons to whom public schools shall be free","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-3\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":182553,"object_type":"law","relational_id":86899,"identifier":"22.1-287","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-287","url":"\/22.1-287\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/22.1-287\/","token":"22.1\/14\/5\/22.1-287","dublin_core":{"Title":"Limitations on access to records","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 22.1-287","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> No teacher, principal or employee of any public school nor any <span class=\"dictionary\">school board<\/span> member shall permit access to any records concerning any particular pupil enrolled in the school in any class to any person except under judicial process unless the person is one of the following: <a id=\"paragraph-311108\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/22.1-287\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A1\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">1.<\/span> Either <span class=\"dictionary\">parent<\/span> of such pupil or such pupil; provided that a <span class=\"dictionary\">school board<\/span> may require that such pupil, if he be less than 18 years of age, as a condition <span class=\"dictionary\">precedent<\/span> to access to such records, furnish written consent of his or her <span class=\"dictionary\">parent<\/span> for such access; <a id=\"paragraph-311109\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/22.1-287\/#A1\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A2\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">2.<\/span> A person designated in writing by such pupil if the pupil is 18 years of age or older or by either <span class=\"dictionary\">parent<\/span> of such pupil if the pupil is less than 18 years of age; <a id=\"paragraph-311110\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/22.1-287\/#A2\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A3\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">3.<\/span> The principal, or someone designated by him, of a school where the pupil attends, has attended, or intends to enroll; <a id=\"paragraph-311111\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/22.1-287\/#A3\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A4\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">4.<\/span> The current teachers of such pupil; <a id=\"paragraph-311112\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/22.1-287\/#A4\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A5\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">5.<\/span> State or local <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span>-enforcement or correctional personnel, including a <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span>-enforcement officer, <span class=\"dictionary\">probation officer<\/span>, <span class=\"dictionary\">parole<\/span> officer or administrator, or a member of a <span class=\"dictionary\">parole<\/span> board, seeking information in the course of his duties; <a id=\"paragraph-311113\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/22.1-287\/#A5\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A6\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">6.<\/span> The Superintendent of Public Instruction, a member of his staff, the <span class=\"dictionary\">division superintendent<\/span> of schools where the pupil attends, has attended, or intends to enroll or a member of his staff; <a id=\"paragraph-311114\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/22.1-287\/#A6\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A7\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">7.<\/span> An officer or employee of a county or city agency responsible for protective services to children, as to a pupil referred to that agency as a <span class=\"dictionary\">minor<\/span> requiring investigation or supervision by that agency. <a id=\"paragraph-311115\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/22.1-287\/#A7\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> A <span class=\"dictionary\">parent<\/span> or pupil entitled to see the records pursuant to subdivision A 1 shall have access to all records relating to such pupil maintained by the school except as otherwise provided by <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span> and need only appear in person during regular hours of the school day and request to see such records. No <span class=\"dictionary\">material<\/span> concerning such pupil shall be edited or withheld except as otherwise provided by <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span>, and the <span class=\"dictionary\">parent<\/span> or pupil shall be entitled to read such <span class=\"dictionary\">material<\/span> personally. <a id=\"paragraph-311116\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/22.1-287\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"C\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">C.<\/span> The giving of information by school personnel concerning participation in athletics and other school activities, the winning of scholastic or other honors and awards, and other like information shall be governed by the provisions of &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Directory information\" href=\"\/22.1-287.1\/\">22.1-287.1<\/a>. <a id=\"paragraph-311117\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/22.1-287\/#C\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"D\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">D.<\/span> Notwithstanding the restrictions imposed by this section: <a id=\"paragraph-311118\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/22.1-287\/#D\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"D1\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">1.<\/span> A <span class=\"dictionary\">division superintendent<\/span> of schools may, in his discretion, provide information to the staff of an institution of higher education or educational research and development organization or laboratory if such information is necessary to a research project or study conducted, sponsored, or approved by the institution of higher education or educational research and development organization or laboratory and if no pupil will be identified by name in the information provided for research; <a id=\"paragraph-311119\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/22.1-287\/#D1\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"D2\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">2.<\/span> The name and address of a pupil, the record of a pupil&#8217;s daily attendance, a pupil&#8217;s scholastic record in the form of grades received in school subjects, the names of a pupil&#8217;s <span class=\"dictionary\"><span class=\"dictionary\">parents<\/span><\/span>, a pupil&#8217;s date and place of birth, and the names and addresses of other schools a pupil has attended may be released to an officer or employee of the United States government seeking this information in the course of his duties when the pupil is a veteran of military service with the United States, an orphan or dependent of such veteran, or an alien; <a id=\"paragraph-311120\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/22.1-287\/#D2\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"D3\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">3.<\/span> The record of a pupil&#8217;s daily attendance shall be open for inspection and reproduction to an employee of a local <span class=\"dictionary\">department<\/span> of social services who needs the record to determine the eligibility of the pupil&#8217;s family for public assistance and social services; <a id=\"paragraph-311121\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/22.1-287\/#D3\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"D4\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">4.<\/span> The principal or his designee may disclose identifying information from a pupil&#8217;s scholastic record for the purpose of furthering the ability of the juvenile justice system to effectively serve the pupil prior to adjudication. In addition to those agencies or personnel identified in subdivisions A 5 and 7, the principal or his designee may disclose identifying information from a pupil&#8217;s scholastic record to attorneys for the Commonwealth, <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> services units, juvenile detention centers or group homes, mental and medical health agencies, state and local children and family service agencies, and the <span class=\"dictionary\">Department<\/span> of Juvenile Justice and to the staff of such agencies. Prior to disclosure of any such scholastic records, the persons to whom the records are to be disclosed shall certify in writing to the principal or his designee that the information will not be disclosed to any other <span class=\"dictionary\">party<\/span>, except as provided under state <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span>, without the prior written consent of the <span class=\"dictionary\">parent<\/span> of the pupil or by such pupil if the pupil is 18 years of age or older. <a id=\"paragraph-311122\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/22.1-287\/#D4\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nLIMITATIONS ON ACCESS TO RECORDS (\u00a7 22.1-287)\n\nA. No teacher, principal or employee of any public school nor any school board\nmember shall permit access to any records concerning any particular pupil\nenrolled in the school in any class to any person except under judicial process\nunless the person is one of the following:\n\n   1. Either parent of such pupil or such pupil; provided that a school board may\n   require that such pupil, if he be less than 18 years of age, as a condition\n   precedent to access to such records, furnish written consent of his or her\n   parent for such access;\n\n   2. A person designated in writing by such pupil if the pupil is 18 years of\n   age or older or by either parent of such pupil if the pupil is less than 18\n   years of age;\n\n   3. The principal, or someone designated by him, of a school where the pupil\n   attends, has attended, or intends to enroll;\n\n   4. The current teachers of such pupil;\n\n   5. State or local law-enforcement or correctional personnel, including a\n   law-enforcement officer, probation officer, parole officer or administrator,\n   or a member of a parole board, seeking information in the course of his\n   duties;\n\n   6. The Superintendent of Public Instruction, a member of his staff, the\n   division superintendent of schools where the pupil attends, has attended, or\n   intends to enroll or a member of his staff;\n\n   7. An officer or employee of a county or city agency responsible for\n   protective services to children, as to a pupil referred to that agency as a\n   minor requiring investigation or supervision by that agency.\n\nB. A parent or pupil entitled to see the records pursuant to subdivision A 1\nshall have access to all records relating to such pupil maintained by the school\nexcept as otherwise provided by law and need only appear in person during\nregular hours of the school day and request to see such records. No material\nconcerning such pupil shall be edited or withheld except as otherwise provided\nby law, and the parent or pupil shall be entitled to read such material\npersonally.\n\nC. The giving of information by school personnel concerning participation in\nathletics and other school activities, the winning of scholastic or other honors\nand awards, and other like information shall be governed by the provisions of\n&#xA7; 22.1-287.1.\n\nD. Notwithstanding the restrictions imposed by this section:\n\n   1. A division superintendent of schools may, in his discretion, provide\n   information to the staff of an institution of higher education or educational\n   research and development organization or laboratory if such information is\n   necessary to a research project or study conducted, sponsored, or approved by\n   the institution of higher education or educational research and development\n   organization or laboratory and if no pupil will be identified by name in the\n   information provided for research;\n\n   2. The name and address of a pupil, the record of a pupil&#8217;s daily\n   attendance, a pupil&#8217;s scholastic record in the form of grades received\n   in school subjects, the names of a pupil&#8217;s parents, a pupil&#8217;s date\n   and place of birth, and the names and addresses of other schools a pupil has\n   attended may be released to an officer or employee of the United States\n   government seeking this information in the course of his duties when the pupil\n   is a veteran of military service with the United States, an orphan or\n   dependent of such veteran, or an alien;\n\n   3. The record of a pupil&#8217;s daily attendance shall be open for inspection\n   and reproduction to an employee of a local department of social services who\n   needs the record to determine the eligibility of the pupil&#8217;s family for\n   public assistance and social services;\n\n   4. The principal or his designee may disclose identifying information from a\n   pupil&#8217;s scholastic record for the purpose of furthering the ability of\n   the juvenile justice system to effectively serve the pupil prior to\n   adjudication. In addition to those agencies or personnel identified in\n   subdivisions A 5 and 7, the principal or his designee may disclose identifying\n   information from a pupil&#8217;s scholastic record to attorneys for the\n   Commonwealth, court services units, juvenile detention centers or group homes,\n   mental and medical health agencies, state and local children and family\n   service agencies, and the Department of Juvenile Justice and to the staff of\n   such agencies. Prior to disclosure of any such scholastic records, the persons\n   to whom the records are to be disclosed shall certify in writing to the\n   principal or his designee that the information will not be disclosed to any\n   other party, except as provided under state law, without the prior written\n   consent of the parent of the pupil or by such pupil if the pupil is 18 years\n   of age or older.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 22-275.26; 1975, c. 639; 1976, c. 682; 1980, c. 559;\n1981, c. 535; 1996, c. 1000; 1997, c. 910; 2002, c. 747; 2007, cc. 48, 555;\n2018, c. 806.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}