{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/22.1-295.2.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/22.1-295.2.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/22.1-295.2.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/22.1-295.2.html"}],"law_id":56821,"edition_id":1,"section_id":56821,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-295.2","catch_line":"Employment discrimination prohibited","history":"2020, cc. 1137, 1140; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 477, 478; 2022, c. 799.","full_text":"A\n\nAs used in this section:\n\t\t\t“Age” means being an individual who is at least 40 years of age.\n\t\t\t“Military status” means status as (i) a member of the uniformed forces, as defined in 10 U.S.C. § 101(a)(5), of the United States or a reserve component thereof named under 10 U.S.C. § 10101, (ii) a veteran as defined in 38 U.S.C. § 101(2), or (iii) a dependent as defined in 50 U.S.C. § 3911(4) except that the support provided by the service member to the individual shall have been provided 180 days immediately preceding an alleged action that if proven true would constitute unlawful discrimination under this section instead of 180 days immediately preceding an application for relief under 50 U.S.C. Chapter 50.\n\t\t\t“Religion” includes any outward expression of religious faith, including adherence to religious dressing and grooming practices and the carrying or display of religious items or symbols.B\n\nNo school board or any agent or employee thereof shall discriminate in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, pregnancy, childbirth or related medical conditions, age, marital status, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, or military status.C\n\nThe provisions of this section shall not prohibit (i) discrimination in employment on the basis of sex or age in those instances when sex or age is a bona fide occupational qualification for employment or (ii) providing preference in employment to veterans.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":208092,"text":"As used in this section:\n\t\t\t“Age” means being an individual who is at least 40 years of age.\n\t\t\t“Military status” means status as (i) a member of the uniformed forces, as defined in 10 U.S.C. § 101(a)(5), of the United States or a reserve component thereof named under 10 U.S.C. § 10101, (ii) a veteran as defined in 38 U.S.C. § 101(2), or (iii) a dependent as defined in 50 U.S.C. § 3911(4) except that the support provided by the service member to the individual shall have been provided 180 days immediately preceding an alleged action that if proven true would constitute unlawful discrimination under this section instead of 180 days immediately preceding an application for relief under 50 U.S.C. Chapter 50.\n\t\t\t“Religion” includes any outward expression of religious faith, including adherence to religious dressing and grooming practices and the carrying or display of religious items or symbols.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":208093,"text":"No school board or any agent or employee thereof shall discriminate in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, pregnancy, childbirth or related medical conditions, age, marital status, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, or military status.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":208094,"text":"The provisions of this section shall not prohibit (i) discrimination in employment on the basis of sex or age in those instances when sex or age is a bona fide occupational qualification for employment or (ii) providing preference in employment to veterans.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14223,"edition_id":1,"name":"Terms of Employment Generally","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12824,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:21","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:21","permalink":{"id":182951,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14223,"identifier":"2","token":"22.1\/15\/2","url":"\/22.1\/15\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12824,"edition_id":1,"name":"Teachers, Officers and Employees","identifier":"15","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12823,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","permalink":{"id":182871,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12824,"identifier":"15","token":"22.1\/15","url":"\/22.1\/15\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12823,"edition_id":1,"name":"Education","identifier":"22.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","permalink":{"id":180949,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12823,"identifier":"22.1","token":"22.1","url":"\/22.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":64907,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-293","catch_line":"School boards authorized to employ principals and assistant principals; license required; powers and duties","url":"\/22.1-293\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-293","metadata":false},{"id":67734,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-294","catch_line":"Probationary terms of service for principals, assistant principals, and supervisors; evaluation; reassigning principal, assistant principal, or supervisor to teaching position","url":"\/22.1-294\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-294","metadata":false},{"id":69191,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-295","catch_line":"Employment of teachers","url":"\/22.1-295\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-295","metadata":false},{"id":55436,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-295.1","catch_line":"Employee personnel files; maintenance of employee records; confidentiality of certain records","url":"\/22.1-295.1\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-295.1","metadata":false},{"id":56821,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-295.2","catch_line":"Employment discrimination prohibited","url":"\/22.1-295.2\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-295.2","metadata":false},{"id":75428,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-296","catch_line":"Payment of employees; reimbursement for private transportation; certain sick leave policies","url":"\/22.1-296\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-296","metadata":false},{"id":62723,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-296.1","catch_line":"Data on convictions for certain crimes and child abuse and neglect required; penalty","url":"\/22.1-296.1\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-296.1","metadata":false},{"id":74413,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-296.2","catch_line":"Fingerprinting required; reciprocity permitted","url":"\/22.1-296.2\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-296.2","metadata":false},{"id":55924,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-296.3","catch_line":"Certain private school employees subject to fingerprinting and criminal records checks","url":"\/22.1-296.3\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-296.3","metadata":false},{"id":69692,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-296.4","catch_line":"Child abuse and neglect data required","url":"\/22.1-296.4\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-296.4","metadata":false},{"id":59597,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-296.5","catch_line":"Employment verification required","url":"\/22.1-296.5\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-296.5","metadata":false},{"id":65919,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-297","catch_line":"Assignment of teachers, principals and assistant principals by superintendent","url":"\/22.1-297\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-297","metadata":false},{"id":86723,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-298","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/22.1-298\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-298","metadata":false},{"id":71301,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-298.1","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2030) Regulations governing licensure","url":"\/22.1-298.1\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-298.1","metadata":false},{"id":59407,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-298.2","catch_line":"Regulations governing education preparation programs","url":"\/22.1-298.2\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-298.2","metadata":false},{"id":60838,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-298.2:1","catch_line":"(Contingent effective date \u2014 see note) Teacher employment data; education preparation programs","url":"\/22.1-298.2_1\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-298.2_1","metadata":false},{"id":78939,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-298.3","catch_line":"Students with autism spectrum disorders; training required of personnel","url":"\/22.1-298.3\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-298.3","metadata":false},{"id":66256,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-298.4","catch_line":"Teacher preparation programs; learning disabilities","url":"\/22.1-298.4\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-298.4","metadata":false},{"id":56301,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-298.5","catch_line":"Regulations governing licensure; endorsement in dual language instruction pre-kindergarten through grade six","url":"\/22.1-298.5\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-298.5","metadata":false},{"id":80956,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-298.6","catch_line":"Mental health awareness training","url":"\/22.1-298.6\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-298.6","metadata":false},{"id":65764,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-298.7","catch_line":"Teachers and other licensed school board employees; cultural competency training","url":"\/22.1-298.7\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-298.7","metadata":false},{"id":85044,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-298.8","catch_line":"Public elementary and secondary school teachers; certain training activities; requirements and limitations; index","url":"\/22.1-298.8\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-298.8","metadata":false},{"id":71681,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-299","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2030) License required of teachers; provisional licenses; exceptions","url":"\/22.1-299\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-299","metadata":false},{"id":68324,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-299.1","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/22.1-299.1\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-299.1","metadata":false},{"id":70249,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-299.2","catch_line":"National Teacher Certification Incentive Reward Program and Fund","url":"\/22.1-299.2\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-299.2","metadata":false},{"id":81334,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-299.3","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/22.1-299.3\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-299.3","metadata":false},{"id":57049,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-299.4","catch_line":"Teach For America license","url":"\/22.1-299.4\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-299.4","metadata":false},{"id":72039,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-299.5","catch_line":"Waiver of teacher licensure requirements; trade and industrial education programs","url":"\/22.1-299.5\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-299.5","metadata":false},{"id":87315,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-299.6","catch_line":"Career and technical education; three-year licenses","url":"\/22.1-299.6\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-299.6","metadata":false},{"id":79194,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-299.7","catch_line":"Microcredential program; certain STEM subjects","url":"\/22.1-299.7\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-299.7","metadata":false},{"id":80524,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-299.7:1","catch_line":" (For effective date, see Acts 2022, cc. 549, 550, cl. 2) Microcredential program; reading specialists","url":"\/22.1-299.7_1\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-299.7_1","metadata":false},{"id":65219,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-299.8","catch_line":"Technical professional licenses; substitution of certain professional development activities for required coursework","url":"\/22.1-299.8\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-299.8","metadata":false},{"id":61649,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-300","catch_line":"Tuberculosis certificate","url":"\/22.1-300\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-300","metadata":false},{"id":76288,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-301","catch_line":"Costs of medical examinations and of furnishing medical records","url":"\/22.1-301\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-301","metadata":false},{"id":74415,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-302","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2027) Written contracts required; execution of contracts; qualifications of temporarily employed teachers; rules and requirements","url":"\/22.1-302\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-302","metadata":false},{"id":55716,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-303","catch_line":"Probationary terms of service for teachers","url":"\/22.1-303\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-303","metadata":false},{"id":63799,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-303.1","catch_line":"Immunity from civil liability for certain individuals","url":"\/22.1-303.1\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-303.1","metadata":false},{"id":83664,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-304","catch_line":"Reemployment of teacher who has not achieved continuing contract status; effect of continuing contract; resignation of teacher; reduction in number of teachers","url":"\/22.1-304\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-304","metadata":false},{"id":64910,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-305","catch_line":"Nonrenewal of contract of probationary teacher","url":"\/22.1-305\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-305","metadata":false},{"id":66269,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-305.1","catch_line":"Mentor teacher programs","url":"\/22.1-305.1\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-305.1","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":55436,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-295.1","catch_line":"Employee personnel files; maintenance of employee records; confidentiality of certain records","url":"\/22.1-295.1\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-295.1","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":75428,"structure_id":14223,"section_number":"22.1-296","catch_line":"Payment of employees; reimbursement for private transportation; certain sick leave policies","url":"\/22.1-296\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-296","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/22.1-295.2\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2020. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 1137<\/a> and 1140<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2022, chapter 799<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":182969,"object_type":"law","relational_id":56821,"identifier":"22.1-295.2","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-295.2","url":"\/22.1-295.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/22.1-295.2\/","token":"22.1\/15\/2\/22.1-295.2","dublin_core":{"Title":"Employment discrimination prohibited","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 22.1-295.2","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> As used in this section:\n\t\t\t“Age<\/span>” means being an individual who is at least 40 years of age<\/span>.\n\t\t\t“Military status<\/span>” means status as (i) a member of the uniformed forces, as defined in 10 U.S.C. § 101(a)(5), of the United States or a reserve component thereof named under 10 U.S.C. § 10101, (ii) a veteran as defined in 38 U.S.C. § 101(2), or (iii) a dependent as defined in 50 U.S.C. § 3911(4) except that the support provided by the service member to the individual shall have been provided 180 days immediately preceding an alleged action that if proven true would constitute unlawful discrimination under this section instead of 180 days immediately preceding an application for relief under 50 U.S.C. Chapter 50.\n\t\t\t“Religion<\/span>” includes any outward expression of religious faith, including adherence to religious dressing and grooming practices and the carrying or display of religious items or symbols. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> No school board<\/span> or any agent or employee thereof shall discriminate in employment on the basis of race, color, religion<\/span>, national origin, sex, pregnancy, childbirth or related medical conditions, age<\/span>, marital status, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, or military status<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> The provisions of this section shall not prohibit (i) discrimination in employment on the basis of sex or age<\/span> in those instances when sex or age<\/span> is a bona fide occupational qualification for employment or (ii) providing preference in employment to veterans. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nEMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION PROHIBITED (\u00a7 22.1-295.2)\n\nA. As used in this section:\n\t\t\t“Age” means being an individual who is at least 40 years of age.\n\t\t\t“Military status” means status as (i) a member of the uniformed\nforces, as defined in 10 U.S.C. § 101(a)(5), of the United States or a\nreserve component thereof named under 10 U.S.C. § 10101, (ii) a veteran as\ndefined in 38 U.S.C. § 101(2), or (iii) a dependent as defined in 50 U.S.C.\n§ 3911(4) except that the support provided by the service member to the\nindividual shall have been provided 180 days immediately preceding an alleged\naction that if proven true would constitute unlawful discrimination under this\nsection instead of 180 days immediately preceding an application for relief\nunder 50 U.S.C. Chapter 50.\n\t\t\t“Religion” includes any outward expression of religious faith,\nincluding adherence to religious dressing and grooming practices and the\ncarrying or display of religious items or symbols.\n\nB. No school board or any agent or employee thereof shall discriminate in\nemployment on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex,\npregnancy, childbirth or related medical conditions, age, marital status,\ndisability, sexual orientation, gender identity, or military status.\n\nC. The provisions of this section shall not prohibit (i) discrimination in\nemployment on the basis of sex or age in those instances when sex or age is a\nbona fide occupational qualification for employment or (ii) providing preference\nin employment to veterans.\n\nHISTORY: 2020, cc. 1137, 1140; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 477, 478; 2022, c. 799.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}