{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/22.1-336.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/22.1-336.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/22.1-336.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/22.1-336.html"}],"law_id":60723,"edition_id":1,"section_id":60723,"structure_id":15775,"section_number":"22.1-336","catch_line":"Compact entered into and enacted into law; form of compact","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 22-345; 1968, c. 564; 1980, c. 559.","full_text":"The compact for education is hereby enacted into law and entered into with all jurisdictions legally joining therein in the form substantially as follows:\n\t\tArticle I.\n\nA\n\nIt is the purpose of this compact to:1\n\nEstablish and maintain close cooperation and understanding among executive, legislative, professional, educational and lay leadership on a nationwide basis at the state and local levels.2\n\nProvide a forum for the discussion, development, crystallization and recommendation of public policy alternatives in the field of education.3\n\nProvide a clearinghouse of information on matters relating to educational problems and how they are being met in different places throughout the nation so that the executive and legislative branches of state government and of local communities may have ready access to the experience and record of the entire country and so that both lay and professional groups in the field of education may have additional avenues for the sharing of experience and the interchange of ideas in the formation of public policy in education.4\n\nFacilitate the improvement of state and local educational systems so that all of them will be able to meet adequate and desirable goals in a society which requires continuous qualitative and quantitative advance in educational opportunities, methods and facilities.B\n\nIt is the policy of this compact to encourage and promote local and state initiative in the development, maintenance, improvement and administration of educational systems and institutions in a manner which will accord with the needs and advantages of diversity among localities and states.C\n\nThe party states recognize that each of them has an interest in the quality and quantity of education furnished in each of the other states as well as in the excellence of its own educational systems and institutions because individuals are highly mobile throughout the nation and because the products and services contributing to the health, welfare and economic advancement of each state are supplied in significant part by persons educated in other states.\n\t\t\tArticle II.\n\t\t\tAs used in this compact, “state” means a state, territory, or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.\n\t\t\tArticle III.A\n\nThe Education Commission of the States, hereinafter called “the Commission,” is hereby established. The Commission shall consist of seven members representing each party state. One of such members shall be the governor; two shall be members of the state legislature selected by its respective houses and serving in such manner as the legislature may determine; and four shall be appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the governor, unless the laws of the state otherwise provide. If the laws of a state prevent legislators from serving on the Commission, six members shall be appointed and serve at the pleasure of the governor, unless the laws of the state otherwise provide. In addition to any other principles or requirements which a state may establish for the appointment and service of its members of the Commission, the guiding principle for the composition of the membership on the Commission from each party state shall be that the members representing such state shall, by virtue of their training, experience, knowledge or affiliations, be in a position collectively to reflect broadly the interests of the state government, higher education, the state education system, local education and lay and professional, public and nonpublic educational leadership. Of those appointees, one shall be the head of a state agency or institution designated by the governor having responsibility for one or more programs of public education. In addition to the members of the Commission representing the party states, there may be not to exceed ten nonvoting commissioners selected by the steering committee for terms of one year. Such commissioners shall represent leading national organizations of professional educators or persons concerned with educational administration.B\n\nThe members of the Commission shall be entitled to one vote each on the Commission. No action of the Commission shall be binding unless taken at a meeting at which a majority of the total number of votes on the Commission are cast in favor thereof. Action of the Commission shall be only at a meeting at which a majority of the commissioners are present. The Commission shall meet at least once a year. In its bylaws and subject to such directions and limitations as may be contained therein, the Commission may delegate the exercise of any of its powers to the steering committee or the executive director except for the power to approve budgets or requests for appropriations, the power to make policy recommendations pursuant to Article IV and adoption of the annual report pursuant to Article III (J).C\n\nThe Commission shall have a seal.D\n\nThe Commission shall elect annually from among its members a chairman, who shall be a governor, a vice-chairman and a treasurer. The Commission shall provide for the appointment of an executive director. Such executive director shall serve at the pleasure of the Commission and, together with the treasurer and such other personnel as the Commission may deem appropriate, shall be bonded in such amount as the Commission shall determine. The executive director shall serve as secretary of the Commission.E\n\nIrrespective of the civil service, personnel or other merit system laws of any of the party states, the executive director, subject to the approval of the steering committee, shall appoint, remove or discharge such personnel as may be necessary for the performance of the functions of the Commission and shall fix the duties and compensation of such personnel. The Commission in its bylaws shall provide for the personnel policies and programs of the Commission.F\n\nThe Commission may borrow, accept or contract for the services of personnel from any party jurisdiction, the United States, or any subdivision or agency of the aforementioned governments, or from any agency of two or more of the party jurisdictions or their subdivisions.G\n\nThe Commission may accept for any of its purposes and functions under this compact any and all donations and grants of money, equipment, supplies, materials and services, conditional or otherwise, from any state, the United States, or any other governmental agency, or from any person, firm, association, foundation, or corporation and may receive, utilize and dispose of the same. Any donation or grant accepted by the Commission pursuant to this paragraph or services borrowed pursuant to paragraph F of this article shall be reported in the annual report of the Commission. Such report shall include the nature, amount and conditions, if any, of the donation, grant or services borrowed and the identity of the donor or lender.H\n\nThe Commission may establish and maintain such facilities as may be necessary for transacting its business. The Commission may acquire, hold, and convey real and personal property and any interest therein.I\n\nThe Commission shall adopt bylaws for the conduct of its business and shall have the power to amend and rescind these bylaws. The Commission shall publish its bylaws in convenient form and shall file a copy thereof and a copy of any amendment thereto with the appropriate agency or officer in each of the party states.J\n\nThe Commission annually shall make to the governor and legislature of each party state a report covering the activities of the Commission for the preceding year. The Commission may make such additional reports as it may deem desirable.\n\t\t\tArticle IV.\n\t\t\tIn addition to authority conferred on the Commission by other provisions of this compact, the Commission shall have authority to:1\n\nCollect, correlate, analyze and interpret information and data concerning educational needs and resources;2\n\nEncourage and foster research in all aspects of education, but with special reference to the desirable scope of instruction, organization, administration, and instructional methods and standards employed or suitable for employment in public educational systems;3\n\nDevelop proposals for adequate financing of education as a whole and at each of its many levels;4\n\nConduct or participate in research of the types referred to in this article in any instance where the Commission finds that such research is necessary for the advancement of the purposes and policies of this compact, utilizing fully the resources of national associations, regional compact organizations for higher education, and other agencies and institutions, both public and private;5\n\nFormulate suggested policies and plans for the improvement of public education as a whole or for any segment thereof and make recommendations with respect thereto available to the appropriate governmental units, agencies and public officials;6\n\nDo such other things as may be necessary or incidental to the administration of any of its authority or functions pursuant to this compact.\n\t\t\t\tArticle V.A\n\nIf the laws of the United States specifically so provide or if administrative provision is made therefor within the federal government, the United States may be represented on the Commission by not to exceed ten representatives. Any such representative or representatives of the United States shall be appointed and serve in such manner as may be provided by or pursuant to federal law and may be drawn from any one or more branches of the federal government. No such representative shall have a vote on the Commission.B\n\nThe Commission may provide information and make recommendations to any executive or legislative agency or officer of the federal government concerning the common educational policies of the states and may advise any such agencies or officers concerning any matter of mutual interest.\n\t\t\tArticle VI.A\n\nTo assist in the expeditious conduct of its business when the full Commission is not meeting, the Commission shall elect a steering committee of thirty-two members which, subject to the provisions of this compact and consistent with the policies of the Commission, shall be constituted and function as provided in the bylaws of the Commission. One fourth of the voting membership of the steering committee shall consist of governors, one fourth shall consist of legislators, and the remainder shall consist of other members of the Commission. A federal representative on the Commission may serve without vote on the steering committee. The voting members of the steering committee shall serve for terms of two years except that members elected to the first steering committee of the Commission shall be elected as follows: Sixteen for one year and sixteen for two years. The chairman, vice-chairman, and treasurer of the Commission shall be members of the steering committee and, anything in this paragraph to the contrary notwithstanding, shall serve during their continuance in these offices. Vacancies in the steering committee shall not affect its authority to act, but the Commission at its next regularly ensuing meeting following the occurrence of any vacancy shall fill it for the unexpired term. No person shall serve more than two terms as a member of the steering committee; provided that service for a partial term of one year or less shall not be counted toward the two term limitation.B\n\nThe Commission may establish advisory and technical committees composed of state, local and federal officials and private persons to advise it with respect to any one or more of its functions. Any advisory or technical committee may, on request of the states concerned, be established to consider any matter of special concern to two or more of the party states.C\n\nThe Commission may establish such additional committees as its bylaws may provide.\n\t\t\tArticle VII.A\n\nThe Commission shall advise the governor or designated officer or officers of each party state of its budget and estimated expenditures for such period as may be required by the laws of that party state. Each of the Commission’s budgets of estimated expenditures shall contain specific recommendations of the amount or amounts to be appropriated by each of the party states.B\n\nThe total amount of appropriation requests under any budget shall be apportioned among the party states. In making such apportionment, the Commission shall devise and employ a formula which takes equitable account of the populations and per capita income levels of the party states.C\n\nThe Commission shall not pledge the credit of any party states. The Commission may meet any of its obligations in whole or in part with funds available to it pursuant to paragraph G of Article III of this compact, provided that the Commission takes specific action setting aside such funds prior to incurring an obligation to be met in whole or in part in such manner. Except where the Commission makes use of funds available to it pursuant to paragraph G of Article III of this compact, the Commission shall not incur any obligation prior to the allotment of funds by the party states adequate to meet the same.D\n\nThe Commission shall keep accurate accounts of all receipts and disbursements. The receipts and disbursements of the Commission shall be subject to the audit and accounting procedures established by its bylaws. In addition, all receipts and disbursements of funds handled by the Commission shall be audited yearly by a qualified public accountant, and the report of the audit shall be included in and become part of the annual reports of the Commission.E\n\nThe accounts of the Commission shall be open at any reasonable time for inspection by duly constituted officers of the party states and by any persons authorized by the Commission.F\n\nNothing contained herein shall be construed to prevent Commission compliance with laws relating to audit or inspection of accounts by or on behalf of any government contributing to the support of the Commission.\n\t\t\tArticle VIII.A\n\nThis compact shall have as eligible parties all states, territories, and possessions of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. In any such jurisdiction not having a governor, the term “governor” as used in this compact shall mean the closest equivalent official of such jurisdiction.B\n\nAny state or other eligible jurisdiction may enter into this compact and it shall become binding thereon when it has adopted the same; provided that in order to enter into initial effect, adoption by at least ten eligible party jurisdictions shall be required.C\n\nAdoption of the compact shall be by enactment.D\n\nAny party state may withdraw from this compact by enacting a statute repealing the same, but no such withdrawal shall take effect until one year after the governor of the withdrawing state has given notice in writing of the withdrawal to the governors of all other party states. No withdrawal shall affect any liability already incurred by or chargeable to a party state prior to the time of such withdrawal.\n\t\t\tArticle IX.\n\t\t\tThis compact shall be liberally construed so as to effectuate the purposes thereof. The provisions of this compact shall be severable and if any phrase, clause, sentence or provision of this compact is declared to be contrary to the constitution of any state or of the United States or if the application thereof to any government, agency, person or circumstance is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of this compact and the applicability thereof to any government, agency, person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby. If this compact shall be held contrary to the constitution of any state participating therein, the compact shall remain in full force and effect as to the state affected as to all severable matters.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":221978,"text":"The compact for education is hereby enacted into law and entered into with all jurisdictions legally joining therein in the form substantially as follows:\n\t\tArticle I.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"A"},"1":{"id":221979,"text":"It is the purpose of this compact to:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"A1"},"2":{"id":221980,"text":"Establish and maintain close cooperation and understanding among executive, legislative, professional, educational and lay leadership on a nationwide basis at the state and local levels.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"3":{"id":221981,"text":"Provide a forum for the discussion, development, crystallization and recommendation of public policy alternatives in the field of education.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"4":{"id":221982,"text":"Provide a clearinghouse of information on matters relating to educational problems and how they are being met in different places throughout the nation so that the executive and legislative branches of state government and of local communities may have ready access to the experience and record of the entire country and so that both lay and professional groups in the field of education may have additional avenues for the sharing of experience and the interchange of ideas in the formation of public policy in education.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"A4"},"5":{"id":221983,"text":"Facilitate the improvement of state and local educational systems so that all of them will be able to meet adequate and desirable goals in a society which requires continuous qualitative and quantitative advance in educational opportunities, methods and facilities.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"A4","prefix_anchor":"A4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"B"},"6":{"id":221984,"text":"It is the policy of this compact to encourage and promote local and state initiative in the development, maintenance, improvement and administration of educational systems and institutions in a manner which will accord with the needs and advantages of diversity among localities and states.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A4","next_prefix":"C"},"7":{"id":221985,"text":"The party states recognize that each of them has an interest in the quality and quantity of education furnished in each of the other states as well as in the excellence of its own educational systems and institutions because individuals are highly mobile throughout the nation and because the products and services contributing to the health, welfare and economic advancement of each state are supplied in significant part by persons educated in other states.\n\t\t\tArticle II.\n\t\t\tAs used in this compact, “state” means a state, territory, or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.\n\t\t\tArticle III.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"A"},"8":{"id":221986,"text":"The Education Commission of the States, hereinafter called “the Commission,” is hereby established. The Commission shall consist of seven members representing each party state. One of such members shall be the governor; two shall be members of the state legislature selected by its respective houses and serving in such manner as the legislature may determine; and four shall be appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the governor, unless the laws of the state otherwise provide. If the laws of a state prevent legislators from serving on the Commission, six members shall be appointed and serve at the pleasure of the governor, unless the laws of the state otherwise provide. In addition to any other principles or requirements which a state may establish for the appointment and service of its members of the Commission, the guiding principle for the composition of the membership on the Commission from each party state shall be that the members representing such state shall, by virtue of their training, experience, knowledge or affiliations, be in a position collectively to reflect broadly the interests of the state government, higher education, the state education system, local education and lay and professional, public and nonpublic educational leadership. Of those appointees, one shall be the head of a state agency or institution designated by the governor having responsibility for one or more programs of public education. In addition to the members of the Commission representing the party states, there may be not to exceed ten nonvoting commissioners selected by the steering committee for terms of one year. Such commissioners shall represent leading national organizations of professional educators or persons concerned with educational administration.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"B"},"9":{"id":221987,"text":"The members of the Commission shall be entitled to one vote each on the Commission. No action of the Commission shall be binding unless taken at a meeting at which a majority of the total number of votes on the Commission are cast in favor thereof. Action of the Commission shall be only at a meeting at which a majority of the commissioners are present. The Commission shall meet at least once a year. In its bylaws and subject to such directions and limitations as may be contained therein, the Commission may delegate the exercise of any of its powers to the steering committee or the executive director except for the power to approve budgets or requests for appropriations, the power to make policy recommendations pursuant to Article IV and adoption of the annual report pursuant to Article III (J).","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"10":{"id":221988,"text":"The Commission shall have a seal.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"11":{"id":221989,"text":"The Commission shall elect annually from among its members a chairman, who shall be a governor, a vice-chairman and a treasurer. The Commission shall provide for the appointment of an executive director. Such executive director shall serve at the pleasure of the Commission and, together with the treasurer and such other personnel as the Commission may deem appropriate, shall be bonded in such amount as the Commission shall determine. The executive director shall serve as secretary of the Commission.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"12":{"id":221990,"text":"Irrespective of the civil service, personnel or other merit system laws of any of the party states, the executive director, subject to the approval of the steering committee, shall appoint, remove or discharge such personnel as may be necessary for the performance of the functions of the Commission and shall fix the duties and compensation of such personnel. The Commission in its bylaws shall provide for the personnel policies and programs of the Commission.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"F"},"13":{"id":221991,"text":"The Commission may borrow, accept or contract for the services of personnel from any party jurisdiction, the United States, or any subdivision or agency of the aforementioned governments, or from any agency of two or more of the party jurisdictions or their subdivisions.","type":"section","prefixes":["F"],"prefix":"F","entire_prefix":"F","prefix_anchor":"F","level":1,"prior_prefix":"E","next_prefix":"G"},"14":{"id":221992,"text":"The Commission may accept for any of its purposes and functions under this compact any and all donations and grants of money, equipment, supplies, materials and services, conditional or otherwise, from any state, the United States, or any other governmental agency, or from any person, firm, association, foundation, or corporation and may receive, utilize and dispose of the same. Any donation or grant accepted by the Commission pursuant to this paragraph or services borrowed pursuant to paragraph F of this article shall be reported in the annual report of the Commission. Such report shall include the nature, amount and conditions, if any, of the donation, grant or services borrowed and the identity of the donor or lender.","type":"section","prefixes":["G"],"prefix":"G","entire_prefix":"G","prefix_anchor":"G","level":1,"prior_prefix":"F","next_prefix":"H"},"15":{"id":221993,"text":"The Commission may establish and maintain such facilities as may be necessary for transacting its business. The Commission may acquire, hold, and convey real and personal property and any interest therein.","type":"section","prefixes":["H"],"prefix":"H","entire_prefix":"H","prefix_anchor":"H","level":1,"prior_prefix":"G","next_prefix":"I"},"16":{"id":221994,"text":"The Commission shall adopt bylaws for the conduct of its business and shall have the power to amend and rescind these bylaws. The Commission shall publish its bylaws in convenient form and shall file a copy thereof and a copy of any amendment thereto with the appropriate agency or officer in each of the party states.","type":"section","prefixes":["I"],"prefix":"I","entire_prefix":"I","prefix_anchor":"I","level":1,"prior_prefix":"H","next_prefix":"J"},"17":{"id":221995,"text":"The Commission annually shall make to the governor and legislature of each party state a report covering the activities of the Commission for the preceding year. The Commission may make such additional reports as it may deem desirable.\n\t\t\tArticle IV.\n\t\t\tIn addition to authority conferred on the Commission by other provisions of this compact, the Commission shall have authority to:","type":"section","prefixes":["J"],"prefix":"J","entire_prefix":"J","prefix_anchor":"J","level":1,"prior_prefix":"I","next_prefix":"J1"},"18":{"id":221996,"text":"Collect, correlate, analyze and interpret information and data concerning educational needs and resources;","type":"section","prefixes":["J","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"J1","prefix_anchor":"J1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"J","next_prefix":"J2"},"19":{"id":221997,"text":"Encourage and foster research in all aspects of education, but with special reference to the desirable scope of instruction, organization, administration, and instructional methods and standards employed or suitable for employment in public educational systems;","type":"section","prefixes":["J","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"J2","prefix_anchor":"J2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"J1","next_prefix":"J3"},"20":{"id":221998,"text":"Develop proposals for adequate financing of education as a whole and at each of its many levels;","type":"section","prefixes":["J","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"J3","prefix_anchor":"J3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"J2","next_prefix":"J4"},"21":{"id":221999,"text":"Conduct or participate in research of the types referred to in this article in any instance where the Commission finds that such research is necessary for the advancement of the purposes and policies of this compact, utilizing fully the resources of national associations, regional compact organizations for higher education, and other agencies and institutions, both public and private;","type":"section","prefixes":["J","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"J4","prefix_anchor":"J4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"J3","next_prefix":"J5"},"22":{"id":222000,"text":"Formulate suggested policies and plans for the improvement of public education as a whole or for any segment thereof and make recommendations with respect thereto available to the appropriate governmental units, agencies and public officials;","type":"section","prefixes":["J","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"J5","prefix_anchor":"J5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"J4","next_prefix":"J6"},"23":{"id":222001,"text":"Do such other things as may be necessary or incidental to the administration of any of its authority or functions pursuant to this compact.\n\t\t\t\tArticle V.","type":"section","prefixes":["J","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"J6","prefix_anchor":"J6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"J5","next_prefix":"A"},"24":{"id":222002,"text":"If the laws of the United States specifically so provide or if administrative provision is made therefor within the federal government, the United States may be represented on the Commission by not to exceed ten representatives. Any such representative or representatives of the United States shall be appointed and serve in such manner as may be provided by or pursuant to federal law and may be drawn from any one or more branches of the federal government. No such representative shall have a vote on the Commission.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"prior_prefix":"J6","next_prefix":"B"},"25":{"id":222003,"text":"The Commission may provide information and make recommendations to any executive or legislative agency or officer of the federal government concerning the common educational policies of the states and may advise any such agencies or officers concerning any matter of mutual interest.\n\t\t\tArticle VI.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A"},"26":{"id":222004,"text":"To assist in the expeditious conduct of its business when the full Commission is not meeting, the Commission shall elect a steering committee of thirty-two members which, subject to the provisions of this compact and consistent with the policies of the Commission, shall be constituted and function as provided in the bylaws of the Commission. One fourth of the voting membership of the steering committee shall consist of governors, one fourth shall consist of legislators, and the remainder shall consist of other members of the Commission. A federal representative on the Commission may serve without vote on the steering committee. The voting members of the steering committee shall serve for terms of two years except that members elected to the first steering committee of the Commission shall be elected as follows: Sixteen for one year and sixteen for two years. The chairman, vice-chairman, and treasurer of the Commission shall be members of the steering committee and, anything in this paragraph to the contrary notwithstanding, shall serve during their continuance in these offices. Vacancies in the steering committee shall not affect its authority to act, but the Commission at its next regularly ensuing meeting following the occurrence of any vacancy shall fill it for the unexpired term. No person shall serve more than two terms as a member of the steering committee; provided that service for a partial term of one year or less shall not be counted toward the two term limitation.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"B"},"27":{"id":222005,"text":"The Commission may establish advisory and technical committees composed of state, local and federal officials and private persons to advise it with respect to any one or more of its functions. Any advisory or technical committee may, on request of the states concerned, be established to consider any matter of special concern to two or more of the party states.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"28":{"id":222006,"text":"The Commission may establish such additional committees as its bylaws may provide.\n\t\t\tArticle VII.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"A"},"29":{"id":222007,"text":"The Commission shall advise the governor or designated officer or officers of each party state of its budget and estimated expenditures for such period as may be required by the laws of that party state. Each of the Commission’s budgets of estimated expenditures shall contain specific recommendations of the amount or amounts to be appropriated by each of the party states.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"B"},"30":{"id":222008,"text":"The total amount of appropriation requests under any budget shall be apportioned among the party states. In making such apportionment, the Commission shall devise and employ a formula which takes equitable account of the populations and per capita income levels of the party states.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"31":{"id":222009,"text":"The Commission shall not pledge the credit of any party states. The Commission may meet any of its obligations in whole or in part with funds available to it pursuant to paragraph G of Article III of this compact, provided that the Commission takes specific action setting aside such funds prior to incurring an obligation to be met in whole or in part in such manner. Except where the Commission makes use of funds available to it pursuant to paragraph G of Article III of this compact, the Commission shall not incur any obligation prior to the allotment of funds by the party states adequate to meet the same.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"32":{"id":222010,"text":"The Commission shall keep accurate accounts of all receipts and disbursements. The receipts and disbursements of the Commission shall be subject to the audit and accounting procedures established by its bylaws. In addition, all receipts and disbursements of funds handled by the Commission shall be audited yearly by a qualified public accountant, and the report of the audit shall be included in and become part of the annual reports of the Commission.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"33":{"id":222011,"text":"The accounts of the Commission shall be open at any reasonable time for inspection by duly constituted officers of the party states and by any persons authorized by the Commission.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"F"},"34":{"id":222012,"text":"Nothing contained herein shall be construed to prevent Commission compliance with laws relating to audit or inspection of accounts by or on behalf of any government contributing to the support of the Commission.\n\t\t\tArticle VIII.","type":"section","prefixes":["F"],"prefix":"F","entire_prefix":"F","prefix_anchor":"F","level":1,"prior_prefix":"E","next_prefix":"A"},"35":{"id":222013,"text":"This compact shall have as eligible parties all states, territories, and possessions of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. In any such jurisdiction not having a governor, the term “governor” as used in this compact shall mean the closest equivalent official of such jurisdiction.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"prior_prefix":"F","next_prefix":"B"},"36":{"id":222014,"text":"Any state or other eligible jurisdiction may enter into this compact and it shall become binding thereon when it has adopted the same; provided that in order to enter into initial effect, adoption by at least ten eligible party jurisdictions shall be required.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"37":{"id":222015,"text":"Adoption of the compact shall be by enactment.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"38":{"id":222016,"text":"Any party state may withdraw from this compact by enacting a statute repealing the same, but no such withdrawal shall take effect until one year after the governor of the withdrawing state has given notice in writing of the withdrawal to the governors of all other party states. No withdrawal shall affect any liability already incurred by or chargeable to a party state prior to the time of such withdrawal.\n\t\t\tArticle IX.\n\t\t\tThis compact shall be liberally construed so as to effectuate the purposes thereof. The provisions of this compact shall be severable and if any phrase, clause, sentence or provision of this compact is declared to be contrary to the constitution of any state or of the United States or if the application thereof to any government, agency, person or circumstance is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of this compact and the applicability thereof to any government, agency, person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby. If this compact shall be held contrary to the constitution of any state participating therein, the compact shall remain in full force and effect as to the state affected as to all severable matters.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15775,"edition_id":1,"name":"Compact for Education; Education Commission of the States","identifier":"17","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12823,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:59:21","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:59:21","permalink":{"id":183265,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15775,"identifier":"17","token":"22.1\/17","url":"\/22.1\/17\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12823,"edition_id":1,"name":"Education","identifier":"22.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","permalink":{"id":180949,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12823,"identifier":"22.1","token":"22.1","url":"\/22.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":60723,"structure_id":15775,"section_number":"22.1-336","catch_line":"Compact entered into and enacted into law; form of compact","url":"\/22.1-336\/","token":"22.1\/17\/22.1-336","metadata":false},{"id":83772,"structure_id":15775,"section_number":"22.1-337","catch_line":"Virginia representatives on Education Commission of the States; membership; terms; compensation and expenses; chairman's executive summary","url":"\/22.1-337\/","token":"22.1\/17\/22.1-337","metadata":false},{"id":64812,"structure_id":15775,"section_number":"22.1-338","catch_line":"Education Commission to file bylaws with State Council of Higher Education","url":"\/22.1-338\/","token":"22.1\/17\/22.1-338","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":83772,"structure_id":15775,"section_number":"22.1-337","catch_line":"Virginia representatives on Education Commission of the States; membership; terms; compensation and expenses; chairman's executive summary","url":"\/22.1-337\/","token":"22.1\/17\/22.1-337","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/22.1-336\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1968, chapter 564; in 1980, chapter 559.<\/p>","references":[{"id":64812,"section_number":"22.1-338","catch_line":"Education Commission to file bylaws with State Council of Higher Education","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-338\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":183267,"object_type":"law","relational_id":60723,"identifier":"22.1-336","token":"22.1\/17\/22.1-336","url":"\/22.1-336\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/22.1-336\/","token":"22.1\/17\/22.1-336","dublin_core":{"Title":"Compact entered into and enacted into law; form of compact","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 22.1-336","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

The compact for education is hereby enacted into law<\/span> and entered into with all jurisdictions<\/span> legally joining therein in the form substantially as follows:\n\t\tArticle I.<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> It is the purpose of this compact to: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Establish and maintain close cooperation and understanding among executive, legislative, professional, educational and lay leadership on a nationwide basis at the state<\/span> and local levels. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Provide a forum for the discussion, development, crystallization and recommendation of public policy alternatives in the field of education. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Provide a clearinghouse of information on matters relating to educational problems and how they are being met in different places throughout the nation so that the executive and legislative branches of state<\/span> government and of local communities may have ready access to the experience and record of the entire country and so that both lay and professional groups in the field of education may have additional avenues for the sharing of experience and the interchange of ideas in the formation of public policy in education. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Facilitate the improvement of state<\/span> and local educational systems so that all of them will be able to meet adequate and desirable goals in a society which requires continuous qualitative and quantitative advance in educational opportunities, methods and facilities. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> It is the policy of this compact to encourage and promote local and state<\/span> initiative in the development, maintenance, improvement and administration of educational systems and institutions in a manner which will accord with the needs and advantages of diversity among localities and states<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> The party<\/span> states<\/span> recognize that each of them has an interest in the quality and quantity of education furnished in each of the other states<\/span> as well as in the excellence of its own educational systems and institutions because individuals are highly mobile throughout the nation and because the products and services contributing to the health, welfare and economic advancement of each state<\/span> are supplied in significant part by persons educated in other states<\/span>.\n\t\t\tArticle II.\n\t\t\tAs used in this compact, “state<\/span>” means a state<\/span>, territory, or possession<\/span> of the United States<\/span>, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.\n\t\t\tArticle III. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> The Education Commission of the States<\/span>, hereinafter called “the Commission,” is hereby established. The Commission shall consist of seven members representing each party<\/span> state<\/span>. One of such members shall be the governor<\/span>; two shall be members of the state<\/span> legislature selected by its respective houses and serving in such manner as the legislature may determine; and four shall be appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the governor<\/span>, unless the laws<\/span> of the state<\/span> otherwise provide. If the laws<\/span> of a state<\/span> prevent legislators from serving on the Commission, six members shall be appointed and serve at the pleasure of the governor<\/span>, unless the laws<\/span> of the state<\/span> otherwise provide. In addition to any other principles or requirements which a state<\/span> may establish for the appointment and service of its members of the Commission, the guiding principle for the composition of the membership on the Commission from each party<\/span> state<\/span> shall be that the members representing such state<\/span> shall, by virtue of their training, experience, knowledge or affiliations, be in a position collectively to reflect broadly the interests of the state<\/span> government, higher education, the state<\/span> education system, local education and lay and professional, public and nonpublic educational leadership. Of those appointees, one shall be the head of a state<\/span> agency or institution designated by the governor<\/span> having responsibility for one or more programs of public education. In addition to the members of the Commission representing the party<\/span> states<\/span>, there may be not to exceed ten nonvoting commissioners selected by the steering committee for terms of one year. Such commissioners shall represent leading national organizations of professional educators or persons concerned with educational administration. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> The members of the Commission shall be entitled to one vote each on the Commission. No action of the Commission shall be binding unless taken at a meeting at which a majority of the total number of votes on the Commission are cast in favor thereof. Action of the Commission shall be only at a meeting at which a majority of the commissioners are present. The Commission shall meet at least once a year. In its bylaws and subject to such directions and limitations as may be contained therein, the Commission may delegate the exercise of any of its powers to the steering committee or the executive director except for the power to approve budgets or requests for appropriations, the power to make policy recommendations pursuant to Article IV and adoption of the annual report pursuant to Article III (J). <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> The Commission shall have a seal. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> The Commission shall elect annually from among its members a chairman, who shall be a governor<\/span>, a vice-chairman and a treasurer. The Commission shall provide for the appointment of an executive director. Such executive director shall serve at the pleasure of the Commission and, together with the treasurer and such other personnel as the Commission may deem appropriate, shall be bonded in such amount as the Commission shall determine. The executive director shall serve as secretary of the Commission. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> Irrespective of the civil service, personnel or other merit system laws<\/span> of any of the party<\/span> states<\/span>, the executive director, subject to the approval of the steering committee, shall appoint, remove or discharge such personnel as may be necessary for the performance of the functions of the Commission and shall fix the duties and compensation of such personnel. The Commission in its bylaws shall provide for the personnel policies and programs of the Commission. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

F.<\/span> The Commission may borrow, accept or contract<\/span> for the services of personnel from any party<\/span> jurisdiction<\/span>, the United States<\/span>, or any subdivision or agency of the aforementioned governments, or from any agency of two or more of the party<\/span> jurisdictions<\/span> or their subdivisions. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

G.<\/span> The Commission may accept for any of its purposes and functions under this compact any and all donations and grants of money, equipment, supplies, materials<\/span> and services, conditional or otherwise, from any state<\/span>, the United States<\/span>, or any other governmental agency, or from any person, firm, association, foundation, or corporation and may receive, utilize and dispose of the same. Any donation or grant accepted by the Commission pursuant to this paragraph or services borrowed pursuant to paragraph F of this article shall be reported in the annual report of the Commission. Such report shall include the nature, amount and conditions, if any, of the donation, grant or services borrowed and the identity of the donor or lender. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

H.<\/span> The Commission may establish and maintain such facilities as may be necessary for transacting its business. The Commission may acquire, hold, and convey real and personal property and any interest therein. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

I.<\/span> The Commission shall adopt bylaws for the conduct of its business and shall have the power to amend<\/span> and rescind these bylaws. The Commission shall publish its bylaws in convenient form and shall file a copy thereof and a copy of any amendment thereto with the appropriate agency or officer in each of the party<\/span> states<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

J.<\/span> The Commission annually shall make to the governor<\/span> and legislature of each party<\/span> state<\/span> a report covering the activities of the Commission for the preceding year. The Commission may make such additional reports as it may deem desirable.\n\t\t\tArticle IV.\n\t\t\tIn addition to authority conferred on the Commission by other provisions of this compact, the Commission shall have authority to: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Collect, correlate, analyze and interpret information and data concerning educational needs and resources; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Encourage and foster research in all aspects of education, but with special reference to the desirable scope of instruction, organization, administration, and instructional methods and standards employed or suitable for employment in public educational systems; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Develop proposals for adequate financing of education as a whole and at each of its many levels; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Conduct or participate in research of the types referred to in this article in any instance where the Commission finds that such research is necessary for the advancement of the purposes and policies of this compact, utilizing fully the resources of national associations, regional compact organizations for higher education, and other agencies and institutions, both public and private; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Formulate suggested policies and plans for the improvement of public education as a whole or for any segment thereof and make recommendations with respect thereto available to the appropriate governmental units, agencies and public officials; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> Do such other things as may be necessary or incidental to the administration of any of its authority or functions pursuant to this compact.\n\t\t\t\tArticle V. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> If the laws<\/span> of the United States<\/span> specifically so provide or if administrative provision is made therefor within the federal government, the United States<\/span> may be represented on the Commission by not to exceed ten representatives. Any such representative or representatives of the United States<\/span> shall be appointed and serve in such manner as may be provided by or pursuant to federal law<\/span> and may be drawn from any one or more branches of the federal government. No such representative shall have a vote on the Commission. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> The Commission may provide information and make recommendations to any executive or legislative agency or officer of the federal government concerning the common educational policies of the states<\/span> and may advise any such agencies or officers concerning any matter of mutual interest.\n\t\t\tArticle VI. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> To assist in the expeditious conduct of its business when the full Commission is not meeting, the Commission shall elect a steering committee of thirty-two members which, subject to the provisions of this compact and consistent with the policies of the Commission, shall be constituted and function as provided in the bylaws of the Commission. One fourth of the voting membership of the steering committee shall consist of governors<\/span>, one fourth shall consist of legislators, and the remainder shall consist of other members of the Commission. A federal representative on the Commission may serve without vote on the steering committee. The voting members of the steering committee shall serve for terms of two years except that members elected to the first steering committee of the Commission shall be elected as follows: Sixteen for one year and sixteen for two years. The chairman, vice-chairman, and treasurer of the Commission shall be members of the steering committee and, anything in this paragraph to the contrary notwithstanding, shall serve during their continuance<\/span> in these offices. Vacancies in the steering committee shall not affect its authority to act, but the Commission at its next regularly ensuing meeting following the occurrence of any vacancy shall fill it for the unexpired term. No person shall serve more than two terms as a member of the steering committee; provided that service for a partial term of one year or less shall not be counted toward the two term limitation. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> The Commission may establish advisory and technical committees composed of state<\/span>, local and federal officials and private persons to advise it with respect to any one or more of its functions. Any advisory or technical committee may, on request of the states<\/span> concerned, be established to consider any matter of special concern to two or more of the party<\/span> states<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> The Commission may establish such additional committees as its bylaws may provide.\n\t\t\tArticle VII. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> The Commission shall advise the governor<\/span> or designated officer or officers of each party<\/span> state<\/span> of its budget and estimated expenditures for such period as may be required by the laws<\/span> of that party<\/span> state<\/span>. Each of the Commission’s budgets of estimated expenditures shall contain specific recommendations of the amount or amounts to be appropriated by each of the party<\/span> states<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> The total amount of appropriation requests under any budget shall be apportioned among the party<\/span> states<\/span>. In making such apportionment, the Commission shall devise and employ a formula which takes equitable<\/span> account of the populations and per capita income levels of the party<\/span> states<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> The Commission shall not pledge the credit of any party<\/span> states<\/span>. The Commission may meet any of its obligations in whole or in part with funds available to it pursuant to paragraph G of Article III of this compact, provided that the Commission takes specific action setting aside such funds prior to incurring an obligation to be met in whole or in part in such manner. Except where the Commission makes use of funds available to it pursuant to paragraph G of Article III of this compact, the Commission shall not incur any obligation prior to the allotment of funds by the party<\/span> states<\/span> adequate to meet the same. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> The Commission shall keep accurate accounts of all receipts and disbursements. The receipts and disbursements of the Commission shall be subject to the audit and accounting procedures established by its bylaws. In addition, all receipts and disbursements of funds handled by the Commission shall be audited yearly by a qualified public accountant, and the report of the audit shall be included in and become part of the annual reports of the Commission. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> The accounts of the Commission shall be open at any reasonable time for inspection by duly constituted officers of the party<\/span> states<\/span> and by any persons authorized by the Commission. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

F.<\/span> Nothing contained herein shall be construed to prevent Commission compliance with laws<\/span> relating to audit or inspection of accounts by or on behalf of any government contributing to the support of the Commission.\n\t\t\tArticle VIII. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> This compact shall have as eligible parties all states<\/span>, territories, and possessions<\/span> of the United States<\/span>, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. In any such jurisdiction<\/span> not having a governor<\/span>, the term “governor<\/span>” as used in this compact shall mean the closest equivalent official of such jurisdiction<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Any state<\/span> or other eligible jurisdiction<\/span> may enter into this compact and it shall become binding thereon when it has adopted the same; provided that in order<\/span> to enter into initial effect, adoption by at least ten eligible party<\/span> jurisdictions<\/span> shall be required. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Adoption of the compact shall be by enactment. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> Any party<\/span> state<\/span> may withdraw from this compact by enacting a statute<\/span> repealing the same, but no such withdrawal shall take effect until one year after the governor<\/span> of the withdrawing state<\/span> has given notice in writing of the withdrawal to the governors<\/span> of all other party<\/span> states<\/span>. No withdrawal shall affect any liability already incurred by or chargeable to a party<\/span> state<\/span> prior to the time of such withdrawal.\n\t\t\tArticle IX.\n\t\t\tThis compact shall be liberally construed so as to effectuate the purposes thereof. The provisions of this compact shall be severable and if any phrase, clause, sentence or provision of this compact is declared to be contrary to the constitution of any state<\/span> or of the United States<\/span> or if the application thereof to any government, agency, person or circumstance is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of this compact and the applicability thereof to any government, agency, person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby. If this compact shall be held contrary to the constitution of any state<\/span> participating therein, the compact shall remain in full force and effect as to the state<\/span> affected as to all severable matters. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCOMPACT ENTERED INTO AND ENACTED INTO LAW; FORM OF COMPACT (\u00a7 22.1-336)\n\nThe compact for education is hereby enacted into law and entered into with all\njurisdictions legally joining therein in the form substantially as follows:\n\t\tArticle I.\n\nA. It is the purpose of this compact to:\n\n 1. Establish and maintain close cooperation and understanding among executive,\n legislative, professional, educational and lay leadership on a nationwide\n basis at the state and local levels.\n\n 2. Provide a forum for the discussion, development, crystallization and\n recommendation of public policy alternatives in the field of education.\n\n 3. Provide a clearinghouse of information on matters relating to educational\n problems and how they are being met in different places throughout the nation\n so that the executive and legislative branches of state government and of\n local communities may have ready access to the experience and record of the\n entire country and so that both lay and professional groups in the field of\n education may have additional avenues for the sharing of experience and the\n interchange of ideas in the formation of public policy in education.\n\n 4. Facilitate the improvement of state and local educational systems so that\n all of them will be able to meet adequate and desirable goals in a society\n which requires continuous qualitative and quantitative advance in educational\n opportunities, methods and facilities.\n\nB. It is the policy of this compact to encourage and promote local and state\ninitiative in the development, maintenance, improvement and administration of\neducational systems and institutions in a manner which will accord with the\nneeds and advantages of diversity among localities and states.\n\nC. The party states recognize that each of them has an interest in the quality\nand quantity of education furnished in each of the other states as well as in\nthe excellence of its own educational systems and institutions because\nindividuals are highly mobile throughout the nation and because the products and\nservices contributing to the health, welfare and economic advancement of each\nstate are supplied in significant part by persons educated in other states.\n\t\t\tArticle II.\n\t\t\tAs used in this compact, “state” means a state, territory, or\npossession of the United States, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth\nof Puerto Rico.\n\t\t\tArticle III.\n\nA. The Education Commission of the States, hereinafter called “the\nCommission,” is hereby established. The Commission shall consist of seven\nmembers representing each party state. One of such members shall be the\ngovernor; two shall be members of the state legislature selected by its\nrespective houses and serving in such manner as the legislature may determine;\nand four shall be appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the governor, unless\nthe laws of the state otherwise provide. If the laws of a state prevent\nlegislators from serving on the Commission, six members shall be appointed and\nserve at the pleasure of the governor, unless the laws of the state otherwise\nprovide. In addition to any other principles or requirements which a state may\nestablish for the appointment and service of its members of the Commission, the\nguiding principle for the composition of the membership on the Commission from\neach party state shall be that the members representing such state shall, by\nvirtue of their training, experience, knowledge or affiliations, be in a\nposition collectively to reflect broadly the interests of the state government,\nhigher education, the state education system, local education and lay and\nprofessional, public and nonpublic educational leadership. Of those appointees,\none shall be the head of a state agency or institution designated by the\ngovernor having responsibility for one or more programs of public education. In\naddition to the members of the Commission representing the party states, there\nmay be not to exceed ten nonvoting commissioners selected by the steering\ncommittee for terms of one year. Such commissioners shall represent leading\nnational organizations of professional educators or persons concerned with\neducational administration.\n\nB. The members of the Commission shall be entitled to one vote each on the\nCommission. No action of the Commission shall be binding unless taken at a\nmeeting at which a majority of the total number of votes on the Commission are\ncast in favor thereof. Action of the Commission shall be only at a meeting at\nwhich a majority of the commissioners are present. The Commission shall meet at\nleast once a year. In its bylaws and subject to such directions and limitations\nas may be contained therein, the Commission may delegate the exercise of any of\nits powers to the steering committee or the executive director except for the\npower to approve budgets or requests for appropriations, the power to make\npolicy recommendations pursuant to Article IV and adoption of the annual report\npursuant to Article III (J).\n\nC. The Commission shall have a seal.\n\nD. The Commission shall elect annually from among its members a chairman, who\nshall be a governor, a vice-chairman and a treasurer. The Commission shall\nprovide for the appointment of an executive director. Such executive director\nshall serve at the pleasure of the Commission and, together with the treasurer\nand such other personnel as the Commission may deem appropriate, shall be bonded\nin such amount as the Commission shall determine. The executive director shall\nserve as secretary of the Commission.\n\nE. Irrespective of the civil service, personnel or other merit system laws of\nany of the party states, the executive director, subject to the approval of the\nsteering committee, shall appoint, remove or discharge such personnel as may be\nnecessary for the performance of the functions of the Commission and shall fix\nthe duties and compensation of such personnel. The Commission in its bylaws\nshall provide for the personnel policies and programs of the Commission.\n\nF. The Commission may borrow, accept or contract for the services of personnel\nfrom any party jurisdiction, the United States, or any subdivision or agency of\nthe aforementioned governments, or from any agency of two or more of the party\njurisdictions or their subdivisions.\n\nG. The Commission may accept for any of its purposes and functions under this\ncompact any and all donations and grants of money, equipment, supplies,\nmaterials and services, conditional or otherwise, from any state, the United\nStates, or any other governmental agency, or from any person, firm, association,\nfoundation, or corporation and may receive, utilize and dispose of the same. Any\ndonation or grant accepted by the Commission pursuant to this paragraph or\nservices borrowed pursuant to paragraph F of this article shall be reported in\nthe annual report of the Commission. Such report shall include the nature,\namount and conditions, if any, of the donation, grant or services borrowed and\nthe identity of the donor or lender.\n\nH. The Commission may establish and maintain such facilities as may be necessary\nfor transacting its business. The Commission may acquire, hold, and convey real\nand personal property and any interest therein.\n\nI. The Commission shall adopt bylaws for the conduct of its business and shall\nhave the power to amend and rescind these bylaws. The Commission shall publish\nits bylaws in convenient form and shall file a copy thereof and a copy of any\namendment thereto with the appropriate agency or officer in each of the party\nstates.\n\nJ. The Commission annually shall make to the governor and legislature of each\nparty state a report covering the activities of the Commission for the preceding\nyear. The Commission may make such additional reports as it may deem desirable.\n\t\t\tArticle IV.\n\t\t\tIn addition to authority conferred on the Commission by other provisions of\nthis compact, the Commission shall have authority to:\n\n 1. Collect, correlate, analyze and interpret information and data concerning\n educational needs and resources;\n\n 2. Encourage and foster research in all aspects of education, but with special\n reference to the desirable scope of instruction, organization, administration,\n and instructional methods and standards employed or suitable for employment in\n public educational systems;\n\n 3. Develop proposals for adequate financing of education as a whole and at\n each of its many levels;\n\n 4. Conduct or participate in research of the types referred to in this article\n in any instance where the Commission finds that such research is necessary for\n the advancement of the purposes and policies of this compact, utilizing fully\n the resources of national associations, regional compact organizations for\n higher education, and other agencies and institutions, both public and\n private;\n\n 5. Formulate suggested policies and plans for the improvement of public\n education as a whole or for any segment thereof and make recommendations with\n respect thereto available to the appropriate governmental units, agencies and\n public officials;\n\n 6. Do such other things as may be necessary or incidental to the\n administration of any of its authority or functions pursuant to this compact.\n \t\t\t\tArticle V.\n\nA. If the laws of the United States specifically so provide or if administrative\nprovision is made therefor within the federal government, the United States may\nbe represented on the Commission by not to exceed ten representatives. Any such\nrepresentative or representatives of the United States shall be appointed and\nserve in such manner as may be provided by or pursuant to federal law and may be\ndrawn from any one or more branches of the federal government. No such\nrepresentative shall have a vote on the Commission.\n\nB. The Commission may provide information and make recommendations to any\nexecutive or legislative agency or officer of the federal government concerning\nthe common educational policies of the states and may advise any such agencies\nor officers concerning any matter of mutual interest.\n\t\t\tArticle VI.\n\nA. To assist in the expeditious conduct of its business when the full Commission\nis not meeting, the Commission shall elect a steering committee of thirty-two\nmembers which, subject to the provisions of this compact and consistent with the\npolicies of the Commission, shall be constituted and function as provided in the\nbylaws of the Commission. One fourth of the voting membership of the steering\ncommittee shall consist of governors, one fourth shall consist of legislators,\nand the remainder shall consist of other members of the Commission. A federal\nrepresentative on the Commission may serve without vote on the steering\ncommittee. The voting members of the steering committee shall serve for terms of\ntwo years except that members elected to the first steering committee of the\nCommission shall be elected as follows: Sixteen for one year and sixteen for two\nyears. The chairman, vice-chairman, and treasurer of the Commission shall be\nmembers of the steering committee and, anything in this paragraph to the\ncontrary notwithstanding, shall serve during their continuance in these offices.\nVacancies in the steering committee shall not affect its authority to act, but\nthe Commission at its next regularly ensuing meeting following the occurrence of\nany vacancy shall fill it for the unexpired term. No person shall serve more\nthan two terms as a member of the steering committee; provided that service for\na partial term of one year or less shall not be counted toward the two term\nlimitation.\n\nB. The Commission may establish advisory and technical committees composed of\nstate, local and federal officials and private persons to advise it with respect\nto any one or more of its functions. Any advisory or technical committee may, on\nrequest of the states concerned, be established to consider any matter of\nspecial concern to two or more of the party states.\n\nC. The Commission may establish such additional committees as its bylaws may\nprovide.\n\t\t\tArticle VII.\n\nA. The Commission shall advise the governor or designated officer or officers of\neach party state of its budget and estimated expenditures for such period as may\nbe required by the laws of that party state. Each of the Commission’s\nbudgets of estimated expenditures shall contain specific recommendations of the\namount or amounts to be appropriated by each of the party states.\n\nB. The total amount of appropriation requests under any budget shall be\napportioned among the party states. In making such apportionment, the Commission\nshall devise and employ a formula which takes equitable account of the\npopulations and per capita income levels of the party states.\n\nC. The Commission shall not pledge the credit of any party states. The\nCommission may meet any of its obligations in whole or in part with funds\navailable to it pursuant to paragraph G of Article III of this compact, provided\nthat the Commission takes specific action setting aside such funds prior to\nincurring an obligation to be met in whole or in part in such manner. Except\nwhere the Commission makes use of funds available to it pursuant to paragraph G\nof Article III of this compact, the Commission shall not incur any obligation\nprior to the allotment of funds by the party states adequate to meet the same.\n\nD. The Commission shall keep accurate accounts of all receipts and\ndisbursements. The receipts and disbursements of the Commission shall be subject\nto the audit and accounting procedures established by its bylaws. In addition,\nall receipts and disbursements of funds handled by the Commission shall be\naudited yearly by a qualified public accountant, and the report of the audit\nshall be included in and become part of the annual reports of the Commission.\n\nE. The accounts of the Commission shall be open at any reasonable time for\ninspection by duly constituted officers of the party states and by any persons\nauthorized by the Commission.\n\nF. Nothing contained herein shall be construed to prevent Commission compliance\nwith laws relating to audit or inspection of accounts by or on behalf of any\ngovernment contributing to the support of the Commission.\n\t\t\tArticle VIII.\n\nA. This compact shall have as eligible parties all states, territories, and\npossessions of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth\nof Puerto Rico. In any such jurisdiction not having a governor, the term\n“governor” as used in this compact shall mean the closest equivalent\nofficial of such jurisdiction.\n\nB. Any state or other eligible jurisdiction may enter into this compact and it\nshall become binding thereon when it has adopted the same; provided that in\norder to enter into initial effect, adoption by at least ten eligible party\njurisdictions shall be required.\n\nC. Adoption of the compact shall be by enactment.\n\nD. Any party state may withdraw from this compact by enacting a statute\nrepealing the same, but no such withdrawal shall take effect until one year\nafter the governor of the withdrawing state has given notice in writing of the\nwithdrawal to the governors of all other party states. No withdrawal shall\naffect any liability already incurred by or chargeable to a party state prior to\nthe time of such withdrawal.\n\t\t\tArticle IX.\n\t\t\tThis compact shall be liberally construed so as to effectuate the purposes\nthereof. The provisions of this compact shall be severable and if any phrase,\nclause, sentence or provision of this compact is declared to be contrary to the\nconstitution of any state or of the United States or if the application thereof\nto any government, agency, person or circumstance is held invalid, the validity\nof the remainder of this compact and the applicability thereof to any\ngovernment, agency, person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby. If\nthis compact shall be held contrary to the constitution of any state\nparticipating therein, the compact shall remain in full force and effect as to\nthe state affected as to all severable matters.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 22-345; 1968, c. 564; 1980, c. 559.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}