{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/23.1-1002.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/23.1-1002.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/23.1-1002.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/23.1-1002.html"}],"law_id":66511,"edition_id":1,"section_id":66511,"structure_id":16308,"section_number":"23.1-1002","catch_line":"Eligibility for restructured financial and administrative operational authority and financial benefits","history":"2005, cc. 933, 945, \u00a7 23-38.88; 2006, c. 775; 2009, cc. 827, 845; 2011, cc. 828, 869; 2013, c. 482; 2014, c. 628; 2016, cc. 296, 588; 2017, cc. 699, 704.","full_text":"A\n\nThe state goals for each public institution of higher education are to:1\n\nConsistent with its institutional mission, provide access to higher education for all citizens throughout the Commonwealth, including underrepresented populations, and consistent with subdivision 4 of § 23.1-203 and in accordance with anticipated demand analysis, meet enrollment projections and degree estimates as agreed upon with the Council. Each such institution shall bear a measure of responsibility for ensuring that the statewide demand for enrollment is met;2\n\nConsistent with § 23.1-306, ensure that higher education remains affordable, regardless of individual or family income, and through a periodic assessment determine the impact of tuition and fee levels net of financial aid on applications, enrollment, and student indebtedness incurred for the payment of tuition, mandatory fees, and other necessary charges;3\n\nOffer a broad range of undergraduate and, where appropriate, graduate programs consistent with its mission and assess regularly the extent to which the institution’s curricula and degree programs address the Commonwealth’s need for sufficient graduates in particular shortage areas, including specific academic disciplines, professions, and geographic regions;4\n\nEnsure that the institution’s academic programs and course offerings maintain high academic standards by undertaking a continuous review and improvement of academic programs, course availability, faculty productivity, and other relevant factors;5\n\nImprove student retention so that students progress from initial enrollment to a timely graduation and the number of degrees conferred increases as enrollment increases;6\n\nConsistent with its institutional mission, develop articulation agreements that have uniform application to all comprehensive community colleges and meet appropriate general education and program requirements at the baccalaureate institution of higher education, provide additional opportunities for associate degree graduates to be admitted and enrolled, and offer dual enrollment programs in cooperation with high schools;7\n\nActively contribute to efforts to stimulate the economic development of the Commonwealth and the area in which the institution is located, and for those institutions subject to a management agreement pursuant to Article 4 (§ 23.1-1004 et seq.), in areas with below-state average income levels and employment rates;8\n\nConsistent with its institutional mission, increase the level of externally funded research conducted at the institution and facilitate the transfer of technology from university research centers to private sector companies;9\n\nWork actively and cooperatively with public elementary and secondary school administrators, teachers, and students to improve student achievement, upgrade the knowledge and skills of teachers, and strengthen leadership skills of school administrators;10\n\nPrepare a six-year financial plan consistent with § 23.1-306;11\n\nConduct the institution’s business affairs in a manner that (i) helps maximize the operational efficiencies and economies of the institution and the Commonwealth and (ii) meets all financial and administrative management standards pursuant to § 23.1-1001 specified by the Governor and included in the current general appropriation act, which shall include best practices for electronic procurement and leveraged purchasing, information technology, real estate portfolio management, and diversity of suppliers through fair and reasonable consideration of small, women-owned, and minority-owned business enterprises; and12\n\nSeek to ensure the safety and security of students on campus.B\n\nEach public institution of higher education that meets the state goals set forth in subsection A on or after August 1, 2005, may:1\n\nDispose of its surplus materials at the location where the surplus materials are held and retain any proceeds from such disposal as provided in subdivision B 14 of § 2.2-1124;2\n\nAs provided in and pursuant to the conditions in subsection C of § 2.2-1132, contract with a building official of the locality in which construction is taking place and for such official to perform any inspection and certifications required to comply with the Uniform Statewide Building Code (§ 36-97 et seq.) pursuant to subsection C of § 36-98.1;3\n\nFor each public institution of higher education that has in effect a signed memorandum of understanding with the Secretary of Administration regarding participation in the nongeneral fund decentralization program as set forth in the general appropriation act, as provided in subsection C of § 2.2-1132, enter into contracts for specific construction projects without the preliminary review and approval of the Division of Engineering and Buildings of the Department of General Services, provided that such institutions are in compliance with the requirements of the Virginia Public Procurement Act (§ 2.2-4300 et seq.) and utilize the general terms and conditions for those forms of procurement approved by the Division of Engineering and Buildings and the Office of the Attorney General;4\n\nAcquire easements as provided in subdivision 4 of § 2.2-1149;5\n\nEnter into an operating\/income lease or capital lease pursuant to the conditions and provisions in subdivision 5 of § 2.2-1149;6\n\nConvey an easement pertaining to any property such institution owns or controls as provided in subsection C of § 2.2-1150;7\n\nIn accordance with the conditions and provisions in subdivision C 2 of § 2.2-1153, sell surplus real property that is possessed and controlled by the institution and valued at less than $5 million;8\n\nFor purposes of compliance with § 2.2-4310, procure goods, services, and construction from a vendor that the institution has certified as a small, women-owned, or minority-owned business enterprise pursuant to the conditions and provisions in § 2.2-1609;9\n\nBe exempt from review of its budget request for information technology by the CIO as provided in subdivision B 3 of § 2.2-2007.1;10\n\nAdopt policies for the designation of administrative and professional faculty positions at the institution pursuant to the conditions and provisions in subsection E of § 2.2-2901;11\n\nBe exempt from reporting its purchases to the Secretary of Education, provided that all purchases, including sole source purchases, are placed through the Commonwealth’s electronic procurement system using proper system codes for the methods of procurement; and12\n\nUtilize as methods of procurement a fixed price, design-build, or construction management contract in compliance with the provisions of Chapter 43.1 (§ 2.2-4378 et seq.) of Title 2.2.C\n\nEach public institution of higher education that (i) has been certified during the fiscal year by the Council pursuant to \u00a7 23.1-206 as having met the institutional performance benchmarks for public institutions of higher education and (ii) meets the state goals set in subsection A shall receive the following financial benefits:1\n\nInterest on the tuition and fees and other nongeneral fund Educational and General Revenues deposited into the state treasury by the institution, as provided in the general appropriation act. Such interest shall be paid from the general fund and shall be an appropriate and equitable amount as determined and certified in writing by the Secretary of Finance to the Comptroller by the end of each fiscal year or as soon as practicable after the end of such fiscal year;2\n\nAny unexpended appropriations of the public institution of higher education at the end of the fiscal year, which shall be reappropriated and allotted for expenditure by the institution in the immediately following fiscal year;3\n\nA pro rata amount of the rebate due to the Commonwealth on credit card purchases of $5,000 or less made during the fiscal year. The amount to be paid to each institution shall equal a pro rata share based upon its total transactions of $5,000 or less using the credit card that is approved for use by all state agencies as compared to all transactions of $5,000 or less using such card by all state agencies. The Comptroller shall determine the public institution’s pro rata share and, as provided in the general appropriation act, shall pay the institution by August 15 of the fiscal year immediately following the year of certification or as soon as practicable after August 15 of such fiscal year. The payment to an institution of its pro rata share under this subdivision shall also be applicable to other rebate or refund programs in effect that are similar to that of the credit card rebate program described in this subdivision. The Secretary of Finance shall identify such other rebate or refund programs and shall determine the pro rata share to be paid to the institution; and4\n\nA rebate of any transaction fees for the prior fiscal year paid for sole source procurements made by the institution in accordance with subsection E of § 2.2-4303 for using a vendor that is not registered with the Department of General Services’ web-based electronic procurement program commonly known as “eVA,” as provided in the general appropriation act. Such rebate shall be certified by the Department of General Services and paid to each public institution by August 15 of the fiscal year immediately following the year of certification or as soon as practicable after August 15 of such fiscal year.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":241367,"text":"The state goals for each public institution of higher education are to:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":241368,"text":"Consistent with its institutional mission, provide access to higher education for all citizens throughout the Commonwealth, including underrepresented populations, and consistent with subdivision 4 of § 23.1-203 and in accordance with anticipated demand analysis, meet enrollment projections and degree estimates as agreed upon with the Council. Each such institution shall bear a measure of responsibility for ensuring that the statewide demand for enrollment is met;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":241369,"text":"Consistent with § 23.1-306, ensure that higher education remains affordable, regardless of individual or family income, and through a periodic assessment determine the impact of tuition and fee levels net of financial aid on applications, enrollment, and student indebtedness incurred for the payment of tuition, mandatory fees, and other necessary charges;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":241370,"text":"Offer a broad range of undergraduate and, where appropriate, graduate programs consistent with its mission and assess regularly the extent to which the institution’s curricula and degree programs address the Commonwealth’s need for sufficient graduates in particular shortage areas, including specific academic disciplines, professions, and geographic regions;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"A4"},"4":{"id":241371,"text":"Ensure that the institution’s academic programs and course offerings maintain high academic standards by undertaking a continuous review and improvement of academic programs, course availability, faculty productivity, and other relevant factors;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"A4","prefix_anchor":"A4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"A5"},"5":{"id":241372,"text":"Improve student retention so that students progress from initial enrollment to a timely graduation and the number of degrees conferred increases as enrollment increases;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"A5","prefix_anchor":"A5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A4","next_prefix":"A6"},"6":{"id":241373,"text":"Consistent with its institutional mission, develop articulation agreements that have uniform application to all comprehensive community colleges and meet appropriate general education and program requirements at the baccalaureate institution of higher education, provide additional opportunities for associate degree graduates to be admitted and enrolled, and offer dual enrollment programs in cooperation with high schools;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"A6","prefix_anchor":"A6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A5","next_prefix":"A7"},"7":{"id":241374,"text":"Actively contribute to efforts to stimulate the economic development of the Commonwealth and the area in which the institution is located, and for those institutions subject to a management agreement pursuant to Article 4 (§ 23.1-1004 et seq.), in areas with below-state average income levels and employment rates;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"A7","prefix_anchor":"A7","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A6","next_prefix":"A8"},"8":{"id":241375,"text":"Consistent with its institutional mission, increase the level of externally funded research conducted at the institution and facilitate the transfer of technology from university research centers to private sector companies;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"A8","prefix_anchor":"A8","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A7","next_prefix":"A9"},"9":{"id":241376,"text":"Work actively and cooperatively with public elementary and secondary school administrators, teachers, and students to improve student achievement, upgrade the knowledge and skills of teachers, and strengthen leadership skills of school administrators;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","9"],"prefix":"9","entire_prefix":"A9","prefix_anchor":"A9","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A8","next_prefix":"A10"},"10":{"id":241377,"text":"Prepare a six-year financial plan consistent with § 23.1-306;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","10"],"prefix":"10","entire_prefix":"A10","prefix_anchor":"A10","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A9","next_prefix":"A11"},"11":{"id":241378,"text":"Conduct the institution’s business affairs in a manner that (i) helps maximize the operational efficiencies and economies of the institution and the Commonwealth and (ii) meets all financial and administrative management standards pursuant to § 23.1-1001 specified by the Governor and included in the current general appropriation act, which shall include best practices for electronic procurement and leveraged purchasing, information technology, real estate portfolio management, and diversity of suppliers through fair and reasonable consideration of small, women-owned, and minority-owned business enterprises; and","type":"section","prefixes":["A","11"],"prefix":"11","entire_prefix":"A11","prefix_anchor":"A11","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A10","next_prefix":"A12"},"12":{"id":241379,"text":"Seek to ensure the safety and security of students on campus.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","12"],"prefix":"12","entire_prefix":"A12","prefix_anchor":"A12","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A11","next_prefix":"B"},"13":{"id":241380,"text":"Each public institution of higher education that meets the state goals set forth in subsection A on or after August 1, 2005, may:","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A12","next_prefix":"B1"},"14":{"id":241381,"text":"Dispose of its surplus materials at the location where the surplus materials are held and retain any proceeds from such disposal as provided in subdivision B 14 of § 2.2-1124;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"B1","prefix_anchor":"B1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"B2"},"15":{"id":241382,"text":"As provided in and pursuant to the conditions in subsection C of § 2.2-1132, contract with a building official of the locality in which construction is taking place and for such official to perform any inspection and certifications required to comply with the Uniform Statewide Building Code (§ 36-97 et seq.) pursuant to subsection C of § 36-98.1;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"B2","prefix_anchor":"B2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B1","next_prefix":"B3"},"16":{"id":241383,"text":"For each public institution of higher education that has in effect a signed memorandum of understanding with the Secretary of Administration regarding participation in the nongeneral fund decentralization program as set forth in the general appropriation act, as provided in subsection C of § 2.2-1132, enter into contracts for specific construction projects without the preliminary review and approval of the Division of Engineering and Buildings of the Department of General Services, provided that such institutions are in compliance with the requirements of the Virginia Public Procurement Act (§ 2.2-4300 et seq.) and utilize the general terms and conditions for those forms of procurement approved by the Division of Engineering and Buildings and the Office of the Attorney General;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"B3","prefix_anchor":"B3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B2","next_prefix":"B4"},"17":{"id":241384,"text":"Acquire easements as provided in subdivision 4 of § 2.2-1149;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"B4","prefix_anchor":"B4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B3","next_prefix":"B5"},"18":{"id":241385,"text":"Enter into an operating\/income lease or capital lease pursuant to the conditions and provisions in subdivision 5 of § 2.2-1149;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"B5","prefix_anchor":"B5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B4","next_prefix":"B6"},"19":{"id":241386,"text":"Convey an easement pertaining to any property such institution owns or controls as provided in subsection C of § 2.2-1150;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"B6","prefix_anchor":"B6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B5","next_prefix":"B7"},"20":{"id":241387,"text":"In accordance with the conditions and provisions in subdivision C 2 of § 2.2-1153, sell surplus real property that is possessed and controlled by the institution and valued at less than $5 million;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"B7","prefix_anchor":"B7","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B6","next_prefix":"B8"},"21":{"id":241388,"text":"For purposes of compliance with § 2.2-4310, procure goods, services, and construction from a vendor that the institution has certified as a small, women-owned, or minority-owned business enterprise pursuant to the conditions and provisions in § 2.2-1609;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"B8","prefix_anchor":"B8","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B7","next_prefix":"B9"},"22":{"id":241389,"text":"Be exempt from review of its budget request for information technology by the CIO as provided in subdivision B 3 of § 2.2-2007.1;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","9"],"prefix":"9","entire_prefix":"B9","prefix_anchor":"B9","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B8","next_prefix":"B10"},"23":{"id":241390,"text":"Adopt policies for the designation of administrative and professional faculty positions at the institution pursuant to the conditions and provisions in subsection E of § 2.2-2901;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","10"],"prefix":"10","entire_prefix":"B10","prefix_anchor":"B10","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B9","next_prefix":"B11"},"24":{"id":241391,"text":"Be exempt from reporting its purchases to the Secretary of Education, provided that all purchases, including sole source purchases, are placed through the Commonwealth’s electronic procurement system using proper system codes for the methods of procurement; and","type":"section","prefixes":["B","11"],"prefix":"11","entire_prefix":"B11","prefix_anchor":"B11","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B10","next_prefix":"B12"},"25":{"id":241392,"text":"Utilize as methods of procurement a fixed price, design-build, or construction management contract in compliance with the provisions of Chapter 43.1 (§ 2.2-4378 et seq.) of Title 2.2.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","12"],"prefix":"12","entire_prefix":"B12","prefix_anchor":"B12","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B11","next_prefix":"C"},"26":{"id":241393,"text":"Each public institution of higher education that (i) has been certified during the fiscal year by the Council pursuant to \u00a7 23.1-206 as having met the institutional performance benchmarks for public institutions of higher education and (ii) meets the state goals set in subsection A shall receive the following financial benefits:","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B12","next_prefix":"C1"},"27":{"id":241394,"text":"Interest on the tuition and fees and other nongeneral fund Educational and General Revenues deposited into the state treasury by the institution, as provided in the general appropriation act. Such interest shall be paid from the general fund and shall be an appropriate and equitable amount as determined and certified in writing by the Secretary of Finance to the Comptroller by the end of each fiscal year or as soon as practicable after the end of such fiscal year;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"C1","prefix_anchor":"C1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"C2"},"28":{"id":241395,"text":"Any unexpended appropriations of the public institution of higher education at the end of the fiscal year, which shall be reappropriated and allotted for expenditure by the institution in the immediately following fiscal year;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"C2","prefix_anchor":"C2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C1","next_prefix":"C3"},"29":{"id":241396,"text":"A pro rata amount of the rebate due to the Commonwealth on credit card purchases of $5,000 or less made during the fiscal year. The amount to be paid to each institution shall equal a pro rata share based upon its total transactions of $5,000 or less using the credit card that is approved for use by all state agencies as compared to all transactions of $5,000 or less using such card by all state agencies. The Comptroller shall determine the public institution’s pro rata share and, as provided in the general appropriation act, shall pay the institution by August 15 of the fiscal year immediately following the year of certification or as soon as practicable after August 15 of such fiscal year. The payment to an institution of its pro rata share under this subdivision shall also be applicable to other rebate or refund programs in effect that are similar to that of the credit card rebate program described in this subdivision. The Secretary of Finance shall identify such other rebate or refund programs and shall determine the pro rata share to be paid to the institution; and","type":"section","prefixes":["C","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"C3","prefix_anchor":"C3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C2","next_prefix":"C4"},"30":{"id":241397,"text":"A rebate of any transaction fees for the prior fiscal year paid for sole source procurements made by the institution in accordance with subsection E of § 2.2-4303 for using a vendor that is not registered with the Department of General Services’ web-based electronic procurement program commonly known as “eVA,” as provided in the general appropriation act. Such rebate shall be certified by the Department of General Services and paid to each public institution by August 15 of the fiscal year immediately following the year of certification or as soon as practicable after August 15 of such fiscal year.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"C4","prefix_anchor":"C4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":16308,"edition_id":1,"name":"Financial and Administrative Standards, Authority, and Incentives","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":14809,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 04:13:21","date_modified":"2026-06-26 04:13:21","permalink":{"id":185523,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":16308,"identifier":"2","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/2","url":"\/23.1\/III\/10\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":14809,"edition_id":1,"name":"Restructured Higher Education Financial and Administrative Operations Act","identifier":"10","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":14060,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:50:04","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:50:04","permalink":{"id":185515,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14809,"identifier":"10","token":"23.1\/III\/10","url":"\/23.1\/III\/10\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":14060,"edition_id":1,"name":"Management and Financing","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13111,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:44","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:44","permalink":{"id":185513,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14060,"identifier":"III","token":"23.1\/III","url":"\/23.1\/III\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13111,"edition_id":1,"name":"Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions","identifier":"23.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:18","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:18","permalink":{"id":184581,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13111,"identifier":"23.1","token":"23.1","url":"\/23.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":72541,"structure_id":16308,"section_number":"23.1-1001","catch_line":"Financial and administrative management standards for public institutions of higher education","url":"\/23.1-1001\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/2\/23.1-1001","metadata":false},{"id":66511,"structure_id":16308,"section_number":"23.1-1002","catch_line":"Eligibility for restructured financial and administrative operational authority and financial benefits","url":"\/23.1-1002\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/2\/23.1-1002","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":72541,"structure_id":16308,"section_number":"23.1-1001","catch_line":"Financial and administrative management standards for public institutions of higher education","url":"\/23.1-1001\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/2\/23.1-1001","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/23.1-1002\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2005. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 933<\/a> and 945<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 7 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2006, chapter 775<\/a>; in 2009, chapters 827<\/a> and 845<\/a>; in 2011, chapters 828<\/a> and 869<\/a>; in 2013, chapter 482<\/a>; in 2014, chapter 628<\/a>; in 2016, chapters 296<\/a> and 588<\/a>; in 2017, chapters 699<\/a> and 704<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":57884,"section_number":"2.2-1124","catch_line":"Disposition of surplus materials","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-1124\/"},{"id":74281,"section_number":"2.2-1132","catch_line":"Administration of capital outlay construction; exception for certain educational institutions","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-1132\/"},{"id":75383,"section_number":"2.2-1149","catch_line":"Department to review proposed acquisitions of real property; approval by the Governor; exceptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-1149\/"},{"id":86857,"section_number":"2.2-1150","catch_line":"Conveyance and transfers of real property by state agencies; approval of Governor and Attorney General; notice to members of General Assembly","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-1150\/"},{"id":58899,"section_number":"2.2-1153","catch_line":"State agencies and institutions to notify Department of property not used or required; criteria","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-1153\/"},{"id":81573,"section_number":"2.2-1514","catch_line":"(Contingent effective date) Commitment of general fund for nonrecurring expenditures","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-1514\/"},{"id":56335,"section_number":"2.2-1609","catch_line":"Use of vendors identified by public institutions of higher education as small, women-owned, and minority-owned businesses","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-1609\/"},{"id":63438,"section_number":"2.2-2007.1","catch_line":"Additional duties of the CIO relating to information technology planning and budgeting","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2007.1\/"},{"id":79041,"section_number":"2.2-2901","catch_line":"Appointments, promotions and tenure based upon merit and fitness","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2901\/"},{"id":72882,"section_number":"23.1-1003","catch_line":"Memoranda of understanding","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-1003\/"},{"id":72164,"section_number":"23.1-1004","catch_line":"Management agreement; eligibility and application","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-1004\/"},{"id":63108,"section_number":"23.1-1007","catch_line":"Management agreement; duration and oversight","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-1007\/"},{"id":55542,"section_number":"23.1-200","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) State Council of Higher Education for Virginia established; purpose; membership; terms; officers","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-200\/"},{"id":83396,"section_number":"23.1-203","catch_line":"Duties of Council","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-203\/"},{"id":67622,"section_number":"23.1-206","catch_line":"Assessments of the performance of public institutions of higher education","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-206\/"},{"id":70221,"section_number":"23.1-309","catch_line":"Higher Education Advisory Committee established; duties","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-309\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":57884,"section_number":"2.2-1124","catch_line":"Disposition of surplus materials","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-1124\/"},{"id":74281,"section_number":"2.2-1132","catch_line":"Administration of capital outlay construction; exception for certain educational institutions","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-1132\/"},{"id":75383,"section_number":"2.2-1149","catch_line":"Department to review proposed acquisitions of real property; approval by the Governor; exceptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-1149\/"},{"id":86857,"section_number":"2.2-1150","catch_line":"Conveyance and transfers of real property by state agencies; approval of Governor and Attorney General; notice to members of General Assembly","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-1150\/"},{"id":58899,"section_number":"2.2-1153","catch_line":"State agencies and institutions to notify Department of property not used or required; criteria","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-1153\/"},{"id":56335,"section_number":"2.2-1609","catch_line":"Use of vendors identified by public institutions of higher education as small, women-owned, and minority-owned businesses","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-1609\/"},{"id":63438,"section_number":"2.2-2007.1","catch_line":"Additional duties of the CIO relating to information technology planning and budgeting","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2007.1\/"},{"id":79041,"section_number":"2.2-2901","catch_line":"Appointments, promotions and tenure based upon merit and fitness","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2901\/"},{"id":70034,"section_number":"2.2-4300","catch_line":"Short title; purpose; declaration of intent","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4300\/"},{"id":60713,"section_number":"2.2-4303","catch_line":"Methods of procurement","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4303\/"},{"id":59798,"section_number":"2.2-4310","catch_line":"Discrimination prohibited; participation of small, women-owned, minority-owned, military family-owned, and service disabled veteran-owned businesses and employment services organizations","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4310\/"},{"id":63977,"section_number":"2.2-4378","catch_line":"Purpose; applicability","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4378\/"},{"id":72541,"section_number":"23.1-1001","catch_line":"Financial and administrative management standards for public institutions of higher education","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-1001\/"},{"id":72164,"section_number":"23.1-1004","catch_line":"Management agreement; eligibility and application","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-1004\/"},{"id":83396,"section_number":"23.1-203","catch_line":"Duties of Council","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-203\/"},{"id":67622,"section_number":"23.1-206","catch_line":"Assessments of the performance of public institutions of higher education","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-206\/"},{"id":68012,"section_number":"23.1-306","catch_line":"Public institutions of higher education; six-year plans; institutional partnership performance agreements","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-306\/"},{"id":78167,"section_number":"36-97","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/36-97\/"},{"id":65754,"section_number":"36-98.1","catch_line":"State buildings; exception for certain assets owned by the Department of Transportation","order_by":null,"url":"\/36-98.1\/"}],"permalink":{"id":185529,"object_type":"law","relational_id":66511,"identifier":"23.1-1002","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/2\/23.1-1002","url":"\/23.1-1002\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/23.1-1002\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/2\/23.1-1002","dublin_core":{"Title":"Eligibility for restructured financial and administrative operational authority and financial benefits","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 23.1-1002","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> The state goals for each public institution of higher education<\/span> are to: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Consistent with its institutional mission, provide access to higher education for all citizens throughout the Commonwealth, including underrepresented populations, and consistent with subdivision 4 of § 23.1-203<\/a> and in accordance with anticipated demand analysis, meet enrollment projections and degree estimates as agreed upon with the Council<\/span>. Each such institution shall bear a measure of responsibility for ensuring that the statewide demand for enrollment is met; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Consistent with § 23.1-306<\/a>, ensure that higher education remains affordable, regardless of individual or family income, and through a periodic assessment determine the impact of tuition and fee levels net of financial aid on applications, enrollment, and student indebtedness incurred for the payment of tuition, mandatory fees, and other necessary charges; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Offer a broad range of undergraduate and, where appropriate, graduate programs consistent with its mission and assess regularly the extent to which the institution’s curricula and degree programs address the Commonwealth’s need for sufficient graduates in particular shortage areas, including specific academic disciplines, professions, and geographic regions; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Ensure that the institution’s academic programs and course offerings maintain high academic standards by undertaking a continuous review and improvement of academic programs, course availability, faculty productivity, and other relevant factors; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Improve student retention so that students progress from initial enrollment to a timely graduation and the number of degrees conferred increases as enrollment increases; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> Consistent with its institutional mission, develop articulation agreements that have uniform application to all comprehensive community colleges<\/span> and meet appropriate general education and program requirements at the baccalaureate<\/span> institution of higher education, provide additional opportunities for associate degree graduates to be admitted and enrolled, and offer dual enrollment<\/span> programs in cooperation with high schools; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> Actively contribute to efforts to stimulate the economic development of the Commonwealth and the area in which the institution is located, and for those institutions subject to a management agreement<\/span> pursuant to Article 4 (§ 23.1-1004<\/a> et seq.), in areas with below-state average income levels and employment rates; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> Consistent with its institutional mission, increase the level of externally funded research conducted at the institution and facilitate the transfer of technology from university research centers to private sector companies; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

9.<\/span> Work actively and cooperatively with public elementary and secondary school administrators, teachers, and students to improve student achievement, upgrade the knowledge and skills of teachers, and strengthen leadership skills of school administrators; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

10.<\/span> Prepare a six-year financial plan consistent with § 23.1-306<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

11.<\/span> Conduct the institution’s business affairs in a manner that (i) helps maximize the operational efficiencies and economies of the institution and the Commonwealth and (ii) meets all financial and administrative management standards pursuant to § 23.1-1001<\/a> specified by the Governor and included in the current general appropriation act, which shall include best practices for electronic procurement and leveraged purchasing, information technology, real estate portfolio management, and diversity of suppliers through fair and reasonable consideration of small, women-owned, and minority-owned business enterprises; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

12.<\/span> Seek to ensure the safety and security of students on campus. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Each public institution of higher education<\/span> that meets the state goals set forth in subsection A on or after August 1, 2005, may: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Dispose of its surplus materials<\/span> at the location where the surplus materials<\/span> are held and retain any proceeds from such disposal as provided in subdivision B 14 of § 2.2-1124<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> As provided in and pursuant to the conditions in subsection C of § 2.2-1132<\/a>, contract<\/span> with a building official of the locality in which construction is taking place and for such official to perform any inspection and certifications required to comply with the Uniform Statewide Building Code (§ 36-97<\/a> et seq.) pursuant to subsection C of § 36-98.1<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> For each public institution of higher education<\/span> that has in effect a signed memorandum<\/span> of understanding with the Secretary of Administration regarding participation in the nongeneral fund decentralization program as set forth in the general appropriation act, as provided in subsection C of § 2.2-1132<\/a>, enter into contracts<\/span> for specific construction projects<\/span> without the preliminary review and approval of the Division of Engineering and Buildings of the Department of General Services, provided that such institutions are in compliance with the requirements of the Virginia Public Procurement Act (§ 2.2-4300<\/a> et seq.) and utilize the general terms and conditions for those forms of procurement approved by the Division of Engineering and Buildings and the Office of the Attorney General<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Acquire easements as provided in subdivision 4 of § 2.2-1149<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Enter into an operating\/income lease or capital lease pursuant to the conditions and provisions in subdivision 5 of § 2.2-1149<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> Convey an easement pertaining to any property such institution owns or controls as provided in subsection C of § 2.2-1150<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> In accordance with the conditions and provisions in subdivision C 2 of § 2.2-1153<\/a>, sell surplus real property that is possessed and controlled by the institution and valued at less than $5 million; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> For purposes of compliance with § 2.2-4310<\/a>, procure goods, services, and construction from a vendor that the institution has certified as a small, women-owned, or minority-owned business enterprise pursuant to the conditions and provisions in § 2.2-1609<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

9.<\/span> Be exempt from review of its budget request for information technology by the CIO as provided in subdivision B 3 of § 2.2-2007.1<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

10.<\/span> Adopt policies for the designation of administrative and professional faculty positions at the institution pursuant to the conditions and provisions in subsection E of § 2.2-2901<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

11.<\/span> Be exempt from reporting its purchases to the Secretary of Education, provided that all purchases, including sole source purchases, are placed through the Commonwealth’s electronic procurement system<\/span> using proper system<\/span> codes for the methods of procurement; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

12.<\/span> Utilize as methods of procurement a fixed price, design-build, or construction management contract<\/span> in compliance with the provisions of Chapter 43.1 (§ 2.2-4378<\/a> et seq.) of Title 2.2. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Each public institution of higher education<\/span> that (i) has been certified during the fiscal year by the Council<\/span> pursuant to \u00a7 23.1-206<\/a> as having met the institutional performance benchmarks for public institutions of higher education and (ii) meets the state goals set in subsection A shall receive the following financial benefits: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Interest on the tuition and fees and other nongeneral fund Educational and General Revenues deposited into the state treasury by the institution, as provided in the general appropriation act. Such interest shall be paid from the general fund and shall be an appropriate and equitable<\/span> amount as determined and certified in writing by the Secretary of Finance to the Comptroller by the end of each fiscal year or as soon as practicable after the end of such fiscal year; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Any unexpended appropriations of the public institution of higher education<\/span> at the end of the fiscal year, which shall be reappropriated and allotted for expenditure by the institution in the immediately following fiscal year; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> A pro rata amount of the rebate due to the Commonwealth on credit card purchases of $5,000 or less made during the fiscal year. The amount to be paid to each institution shall equal a pro rata share based upon its total transactions of $5,000 or less using the credit card that is approved for use by all state agencies as compared to all transactions of $5,000 or less using such card by all state agencies. The Comptroller shall determine the public institution’s pro rata share and, as provided in the general appropriation act, shall pay the institution by August 15 of the fiscal year immediately following the year of certification or as soon as practicable after August 15 of such fiscal year. The payment to an institution of its pro rata share under this subdivision shall also be applicable to other rebate or refund programs in effect that are similar to that of the credit card rebate program described in this subdivision. The Secretary of Finance shall identify such other rebate or refund programs and shall determine the pro rata share to be paid to the institution; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> A rebate of any transaction fees for the prior fiscal year paid for sole source procurements made by the institution in accordance with subsection E of § 2.2-4303<\/a> for using a vendor that is not registered with the Department of General Services’ web-based electronic procurement program commonly known as “eVA,” as provided in the general appropriation act. Such rebate shall be certified by the Department of General Services and paid to each public institution by August 15 of the fiscal year immediately following the year of certification or as soon as practicable after August 15 of such fiscal year. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nELIGIBILITY FOR RESTRUCTURED FINANCIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE OPERATIONAL AUTHORITY\nAND FINANCIAL BENEFITS (\u00a7 23.1-1002)\n\nA. The state goals for each public institution of higher education are to:\n\n 1. Consistent with its institutional mission, provide access to higher\n education for all citizens throughout the Commonwealth, including\n underrepresented populations, and consistent with subdivision 4 of §\n 23.1-203 and in accordance with anticipated demand analysis, meet enrollment\n projections and degree estimates as agreed upon with the Council. Each such\n institution shall bear a measure of responsibility for ensuring that the\n statewide demand for enrollment is met;\n\n 2. Consistent with § 23.1-306, ensure that higher education remains\n affordable, regardless of individual or family income, and through a periodic\n assessment determine the impact of tuition and fee levels net of financial aid\n on applications, enrollment, and student indebtedness incurred for the payment\n of tuition, mandatory fees, and other necessary charges;\n\n 3. Offer a broad range of undergraduate and, where appropriate, graduate\n programs consistent with its mission and assess regularly the extent to which\n the institution’s curricula and degree programs address the\n Commonwealth’s need for sufficient graduates in particular shortage\n areas, including specific academic disciplines, professions, and geographic\n regions;\n\n 4. Ensure that the institution’s academic programs and course offerings\n maintain high academic standards by undertaking a continuous review and\n improvement of academic programs, course availability, faculty productivity,\n and other relevant factors;\n\n 5. Improve student retention so that students progress from initial enrollment\n to a timely graduation and the number of degrees conferred increases as\n enrollment increases;\n\n 6. Consistent with its institutional mission, develop articulation agreements\n that have uniform application to all comprehensive community colleges and meet\n appropriate general education and program requirements at the baccalaureate\n institution of higher education, provide additional opportunities for\n associate degree graduates to be admitted and enrolled, and offer dual\n enrollment programs in cooperation with high schools;\n\n 7. Actively contribute to efforts to stimulate the economic development of the\n Commonwealth and the area in which the institution is located, and for those\n institutions subject to a management agreement pursuant to Article 4 (§\n 23.1-1004 et seq.), in areas with below-state average income levels and\n employment rates;\n\n 8. Consistent with its institutional mission, increase the level of externally\n funded research conducted at the institution and facilitate the transfer of\n technology from university research centers to private sector companies;\n\n 9. Work actively and cooperatively with public elementary and secondary school\n administrators, teachers, and students to improve student achievement, upgrade\n the knowledge and skills of teachers, and strengthen leadership skills of\n school administrators;\n\n 10. Prepare a six-year financial plan consistent with § 23.1-306;\n\n 11. Conduct the institution’s business affairs in a manner that (i)\n helps maximize the operational efficiencies and economies of the institution\n and the Commonwealth and (ii) meets all financial and administrative\n management standards pursuant to § 23.1-1001 specified by the Governor\n and included in the current general appropriation act, which shall include\n best practices for electronic procurement and leveraged purchasing,\n information technology, real estate portfolio management, and diversity of\n suppliers through fair and reasonable consideration of small, women-owned, and\n minority-owned business enterprises; and\n\n 12. Seek to ensure the safety and security of students on campus.\n\nB. Each public institution of higher education that meets the state goals set\nforth in subsection A on or after August 1, 2005, may:\n\n 1. Dispose of its surplus materials at the location where the surplus\n materials are held and retain any proceeds from such disposal as provided in\n subdivision B 14 of § 2.2-1124;\n\n 2. As provided in and pursuant to the conditions in subsection C of §\n 2.2-1132, contract with a building official of the locality in which\n construction is taking place and for such official to perform any inspection\n and certifications required to comply with the Uniform Statewide Building Code\n (§ 36-97 et seq.) pursuant to subsection C of § 36-98.1;\n\n 3. For each public institution of higher education that has in effect a signed\n memorandum of understanding with the Secretary of Administration regarding\n participation in the nongeneral fund decentralization program as set forth in\n the general appropriation act, as provided in subsection C of § 2.2-1132,\n enter into contracts for specific construction projects without the\n preliminary review and approval of the Division of Engineering and Buildings\n of the Department of General Services, provided that such institutions are in\n compliance with the requirements of the Virginia Public Procurement Act\n (§ 2.2-4300 et seq.) and utilize the general terms and conditions for\n those forms of procurement approved by the Division of Engineering and\n Buildings and the Office of the Attorney General;\n\n 4. Acquire easements as provided in subdivision 4 of § 2.2-1149;\n\n 5. Enter into an operating\/income lease or capital lease pursuant to the\n conditions and provisions in subdivision 5 of § 2.2-1149;\n\n 6. Convey an easement pertaining to any property such institution owns or\n controls as provided in subsection C of § 2.2-1150;\n\n 7. In accordance with the conditions and provisions in subdivision C 2 of\n § 2.2-1153, sell surplus real property that is possessed and controlled\n by the institution and valued at less than $5 million;\n\n 8. For purposes of compliance with § 2.2-4310, procure goods, services,\n and construction from a vendor that the institution has certified as a small,\n women-owned, or minority-owned business enterprise pursuant to the conditions\n and provisions in § 2.2-1609;\n\n 9. Be exempt from review of its budget request for information technology by\n the CIO as provided in subdivision B 3 of § 2.2-2007.1;\n\n 10. Adopt policies for the designation of administrative and professional\n faculty positions at the institution pursuant to the conditions and provisions\n in subsection E of § 2.2-2901;\n\n 11. Be exempt from reporting its purchases to the Secretary of Education,\n provided that all purchases, including sole source purchases, are placed\n through the Commonwealth’s electronic procurement system using proper\n system codes for the methods of procurement; and\n\n 12. Utilize as methods of procurement a fixed price, design-build, or\n construction management contract in compliance with the provisions of Chapter\n 43.1 (§ 2.2-4378 et seq.) of Title 2.2.\n\nC. Each public institution of higher education that (i) has been certified\nduring the fiscal year by the Council pursuant to \u00a7 23.1-206 as having met the\ninstitutional performance benchmarks for public institutions of higher education\nand (ii) meets the state goals set in subsection A shall receive the following\nfinancial benefits:\n\n 1. Interest on the tuition and fees and other nongeneral fund Educational and\n General Revenues deposited into the state treasury by the institution, as\n provided in the general appropriation act. Such interest shall be paid from\n the general fund and shall be an appropriate and equitable amount as\n determined and certified in writing by the Secretary of Finance to the\n Comptroller by the end of each fiscal year or as soon as practicable after the\n end of such fiscal year;\n\n 2. Any unexpended appropriations of the public institution of higher education\n at the end of the fiscal year, which shall be reappropriated and allotted for\n expenditure by the institution in the immediately following fiscal year;\n\n 3. A pro rata amount of the rebate due to the Commonwealth on credit card\n purchases of $5,000 or less made during the fiscal year. The amount to be paid\n to each institution shall equal a pro rata share based upon its total\n transactions of $5,000 or less using the credit card that is approved for use\n by all state agencies as compared to all transactions of $5,000 or less using\n such card by all state agencies. The Comptroller shall determine the public\n institution’s pro rata share and, as provided in the general\n appropriation act, shall pay the institution by August 15 of the fiscal year\n immediately following the year of certification or as soon as practicable\n after August 15 of such fiscal year. The payment to an institution of its pro\n rata share under this subdivision shall also be applicable to other rebate or\n refund programs in effect that are similar to that of the credit card rebate\n program described in this subdivision. The Secretary of Finance shall identify\n such other rebate or refund programs and shall determine the pro rata share to\n be paid to the institution; and\n\n 4. A rebate of any transaction fees for the prior fiscal year paid for sole\n source procurements made by the institution in accordance with subsection E of\n § 2.2-4303 for using a vendor that is not registered with the Department\n of General Services’ web-based electronic procurement program commonly\n known as “eVA,” as provided in the general appropriation act. Such\n rebate shall be certified by the Department of General Services and paid to\n each public institution by August 15 of the fiscal year immediately following\n the year of certification or as soon as practicable after August 15 of such\n fiscal year.\n\nHISTORY: 2005, cc. 933, 945, \u00a7 23-38.88; 2006, c. 775; 2009, cc. 827, 845;\n2011, cc. 828, 869; 2013, c. 482; 2014, c. 628; 2016, cc. 296, 588; 2017, cc.\n699, 704.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}