{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/23.1-810.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/23.1-810.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/23.1-810.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/23.1-810.html"}],"law_id":78479,"edition_id":1,"section_id":78479,"structure_id":15765,"section_number":"23.1-810","catch_line":"Authorization for campus police departments in private institutions of higher education","history":"1992, c. 187, \u00a7 23-232.1; 2016, c. 588.","full_text":"The governing board of each private institution of higher education may establish, in compliance with the provisions of this article, a campus police department and employ campus police officers upon appointment as provided in \u00a7 23.1-812. Except as such provisions apply exclusively to public institutions of higher education or employees, the provisions of this article shall apply to the appointment and employment of officers and the operation, powers, duties, and jurisdiction of campus police departments at private institutions of higher education, and such departments are subject to and shall enjoy the benefits of this article. However, to be qualified to use the word “police” to describe the department or its officers, any private institution of higher education that establishes a campus police department shall require each officer to comply with the training or other requirements for law-enforcement officers established by the Department of Criminal Justice Services pursuant to Chapter 1 (\u00a7 9.1-100 et seq.) of Title 9.1.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":281302,"text":"The governing board of each private institution of higher education may establish, in compliance with the provisions of this article, a campus police department and employ campus police officers upon appointment as provided in \u00a7 23.1-812. Except as such provisions apply exclusively to public institutions of higher education or employees, the provisions of this article shall apply to the appointment and employment of officers and the operation, powers, duties, and jurisdiction of campus police departments at private institutions of higher education, and such departments are subject to and shall enjoy the benefits of this article. However, to be qualified to use the word “police” to describe the department or its officers, any private institution of higher education that establishes a campus police department shall require each officer to comply with the training or other requirements for law-enforcement officers established by the Department of Criminal Justice Services pursuant to Chapter 1 (\u00a7 9.1-100 et seq.) of Title 9.1.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":15765,"edition_id":1,"name":"Campus Safety; Campus Police Departments","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":15081,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:59:13","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:59:13","permalink":{"id":185359,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15765,"identifier":"3","token":"23.1\/II\/8\/3","url":"\/23.1\/II\/8\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":15081,"edition_id":1,"name":"Health and Campus Safety","identifier":"8","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13112,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:52:03","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:52:03","permalink":{"id":185297,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15081,"identifier":"8","token":"23.1\/II\/8","url":"\/23.1\/II\/8\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13112,"edition_id":1,"name":"Students and Campus","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13111,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:18","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:18","permalink":{"id":184847,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13112,"identifier":"II","token":"23.1\/II","url":"\/23.1\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13111,"edition_id":1,"name":"Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions","identifier":"23.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:18","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:18","permalink":{"id":184581,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13111,"identifier":"23.1","token":"23.1","url":"\/23.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":60667,"structure_id":15765,"section_number":"23.1-809","catch_line":"Public institutions of higher education; establishment of campus police departments authorized; employment of officers","url":"\/23.1-809\/","token":"23.1\/II\/8\/3\/23.1-809","metadata":false},{"id":78479,"structure_id":15765,"section_number":"23.1-810","catch_line":"Authorization for campus police departments in private institutions of higher education","url":"\/23.1-810\/","token":"23.1\/II\/8\/3\/23.1-810","metadata":false},{"id":62380,"structure_id":15765,"section_number":"23.1-811","catch_line":"Establishment of auxiliary police forces","url":"\/23.1-811\/","token":"23.1\/II\/8\/3\/23.1-811","metadata":false},{"id":74144,"structure_id":15765,"section_number":"23.1-812","catch_line":"Appointment of campus police officers and members of an auxiliary police force","url":"\/23.1-812\/","token":"23.1\/II\/8\/3\/23.1-812","metadata":false},{"id":69894,"structure_id":15765,"section_number":"23.1-813","catch_line":"Officers and members to comply with requirements of Department of Criminal Justice Services","url":"\/23.1-813\/","token":"23.1\/II\/8\/3\/23.1-813","metadata":false},{"id":85021,"structure_id":15765,"section_number":"23.1-814","catch_line":"Termination of employment of campus police officers and members of auxiliary police forces","url":"\/23.1-814\/","token":"23.1\/II\/8\/3\/23.1-814","metadata":false},{"id":80452,"structure_id":15765,"section_number":"23.1-815","catch_line":"Campus police forces and auxiliary police forces; powers and duties; jurisdiction","url":"\/23.1-815\/","token":"23.1\/II\/8\/3\/23.1-815","metadata":false},{"id":71082,"structure_id":15765,"section_number":"23.1-815.1","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Facial recognition technology; approval","url":"\/23.1-815.1\/","token":"23.1\/II\/8\/3\/23.1-815.1","metadata":false},{"id":77447,"structure_id":15765,"section_number":"23.1-816","catch_line":"Extending police power of public institutions of higher education beyond boundaries; jurisdiction of general district courts; duty of attorneys for the Commonwealth","url":"\/23.1-816\/","token":"23.1\/II\/8\/3\/23.1-816","metadata":false},{"id":72320,"structure_id":15765,"section_number":"23.1-817","catch_line":"Inspection of criminal incident information","url":"\/23.1-817\/","token":"23.1\/II\/8\/3\/23.1-817","metadata":false},{"id":66978,"structure_id":15765,"section_number":"23.1-818","catch_line":"Security departments and other security services","url":"\/23.1-818\/","token":"23.1\/II\/8\/3\/23.1-818","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":60667,"structure_id":15765,"section_number":"23.1-809","catch_line":"Public institutions of higher education; establishment of campus police departments authorized; employment of officers","url":"\/23.1-809\/","token":"23.1\/II\/8\/3\/23.1-809","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":62380,"structure_id":15765,"section_number":"23.1-811","catch_line":"Establishment of auxiliary police forces","url":"\/23.1-811\/","token":"23.1\/II\/8\/3\/23.1-811","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/23.1-810\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1992. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 187 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1992 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2016, chapter 588<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":59094,"section_number":"19.2-201","catch_line":"Officers to give information of violation of penal laws to attorney for Commonwealth","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-201\/"},{"id":72320,"section_number":"23.1-817","catch_line":"Inspection of criminal incident information","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-817\/"},{"id":54405,"section_number":"9.1-400","catch_line":"Title of chapter; definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/9.1-400\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":74144,"section_number":"23.1-812","catch_line":"Appointment of campus police officers and members of an auxiliary police force","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-812\/"},{"id":80750,"section_number":"9.1-100","catch_line":"Department of Criminal Justice Services","order_by":null,"url":"\/9.1-100\/"}],"permalink":{"id":185365,"object_type":"law","relational_id":78479,"identifier":"23.1-810","token":"23.1\/II\/8\/3\/23.1-810","url":"\/23.1-810\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/23.1-810\/","token":"23.1\/II\/8\/3\/23.1-810","dublin_core":{"Title":"Authorization for campus police departments in private institutions of higher education","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 23.1-810","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

The governing board<\/span> of each private institution of higher education<\/span> may establish, in compliance with the provisions of this article, a campus police department and employ campus police officers upon appointment as provided in \u00a7 23.1-812<\/a>. Except as such provisions apply exclusively to public institutions of higher education or employees, the provisions of this article shall apply to the appointment and employment of officers and the operation, powers, duties, and jurisdiction<\/span> of campus police departments at private institutions of higher education, and such departments are subject to and shall enjoy the benefits of this article. However, to be qualified to use the word “police” to describe the department or its officers, any private institution of higher education<\/span> that establishes a campus police department shall require each officer to comply with the training or other requirements for law<\/span>-enforcement officers established by the Department of Criminal Justice Services pursuant to Chapter 1 (\u00a7 9.1-100<\/a> et seq.) of Title 9.1.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nAUTHORIZATION FOR CAMPUS POLICE DEPARTMENTS IN PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER\nEDUCATION (\u00a7 23.1-810)\n\nThe governing board of each private institution of higher education may\nestablish, in compliance with the provisions of this article, a campus police\ndepartment and employ campus police officers upon appointment as provided in \u00a7\n23.1-812. Except as such provisions apply exclusively to public institutions of\nhigher education or employees, the provisions of this article shall apply to the\nappointment and employment of officers and the operation, powers, duties, and\njurisdiction of campus police departments at private institutions of higher\neducation, and such departments are subject to and shall enjoy the benefits of\nthis article. However, to be qualified to use the word “police” to\ndescribe the department or its officers, any private institution of higher\neducation that establishes a campus police department shall require each officer\nto comply with the training or other requirements for law-enforcement officers\nestablished by the Department of Criminal Justice Services pursuant to Chapter 1\n(\u00a7 9.1-100 et seq.) of Title 9.1.\n\nHISTORY: 1992, c. 187, \u00a7 23-232.1; 2016, c. 588.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}