{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/24.2-1018.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/24.2-1018.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/24.2-1018.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/24.2-1018.html"}],"law_id":61858,"edition_id":1,"section_id":61858,"structure_id":14796,"section_number":"24.2-1018","catch_line":"Immunity of witnesses","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 24-449; 1954, c. 347; 1970, c. 462, \u00a7 24.1-281; 1993, c. 641.","full_text":"No witness called by the court or attorney for the Commonwealth and giving evidence for the prosecution, either before a grand jury or the court in any prosecution under this title, shall ever be proceeded against for any offense made penal by the provisions of this title and committed by him at or in connection with the events germane to the matter being prosecuted; but such witness shall be compelled to testify, and for refusing to answer questions, he may be punished for contempt by the court.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":225892,"text":"No witness called by the court or attorney for the Commonwealth and giving evidence for the prosecution, either before a grand jury or the court in any prosecution under this title, shall ever be proceeded against for any offense made penal by the provisions of this title and committed by him at or in connection with the events germane to the matter being prosecuted; but such witness shall be compelled to testify, and for refusing to answer questions, he may be punished for contempt by the court.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":14796,"edition_id":1,"name":"Election Offenses Generally; Penalties","identifier":"10","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12937,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:49:57","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:49:57","permalink":{"id":187355,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14796,"identifier":"10","token":"24.2\/10","url":"\/24.2\/10\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12937,"edition_id":1,"name":"Elections","identifier":"24.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:03","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:03","permalink":{"id":187149,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12937,"identifier":"24.2","token":"24.2","url":"\/24.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":61840,"structure_id":14796,"section_number":"24.2-1000","catch_line":"Intimidation and threats toward election officials; penalty","url":"\/24.2-1000\/","token":"24.2\/10\/24.2-1000","metadata":false},{"id":74639,"structure_id":14796,"section_number":"24.2-1001","catch_line":"Willful neglect or corrupt conduct","url":"\/24.2-1001\/","token":"24.2\/10\/24.2-1001","metadata":false},{"id":65608,"structure_id":14796,"section_number":"24.2-1002","catch_line":"Interference with registration","url":"\/24.2-1002\/","token":"24.2\/10\/24.2-1002","metadata":false},{"id":86103,"structure_id":14796,"section_number":"24.2-1002.01","catch_line":"Destruction of, or failure to mail or deliver, voter registration application; penalty","url":"\/24.2-1002.01\/","token":"24.2\/10\/24.2-1002.01","metadata":false},{"id":61489,"structure_id":14796,"section_number":"24.2-1002.1","catch_line":"Unlawful disclosure or use of social security number or part thereof","url":"\/24.2-1002.1\/","token":"24.2\/10\/24.2-1002.1","metadata":false},{"id":81161,"structure_id":14796,"section_number":"24.2-1003","catch_line":"Campaigning at registration locations","url":"\/24.2-1003\/","token":"24.2\/10\/24.2-1003","metadata":false},{"id":63831,"structure_id":14796,"section_number":"24.2-1004","catch_line":"Illegal voting and registrations","url":"\/24.2-1004\/","token":"24.2\/10\/24.2-1004","metadata":false},{"id":63231,"structure_id":14796,"section_number":"24.2-1005","catch_line":"Intimidation of voters; 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penalties","url":"\/24.2-1016\/","token":"24.2\/10\/24.2-1016","metadata":false},{"id":68453,"structure_id":14796,"section_number":"24.2-1017","catch_line":"Penalties when not specifically provided elsewhere","url":"\/24.2-1017\/","token":"24.2\/10\/24.2-1017","metadata":false},{"id":61858,"structure_id":14796,"section_number":"24.2-1018","catch_line":"Immunity of witnesses","url":"\/24.2-1018\/","token":"24.2\/10\/24.2-1018","metadata":false},{"id":66711,"structure_id":14796,"section_number":"24.2-1019","catch_line":"Complaints and allegations concerning election law offenses","url":"\/24.2-1019\/","token":"24.2\/10\/24.2-1019","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":68453,"structure_id":14796,"section_number":"24.2-1017","catch_line":"Penalties when not specifically provided elsewhere","url":"\/24.2-1017\/","token":"24.2\/10\/24.2-1017","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":66711,"structure_id":14796,"section_number":"24.2-1019","catch_line":"Complaints and allegations concerning election law offenses","url":"\/24.2-1019\/","token":"24.2\/10\/24.2-1019","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/24.2-1018\/","history_text":"<p>The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1954, chapter 347; in 1970, chapter 462; in 1993, chapter 641.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":187449,"object_type":"law","relational_id":61858,"identifier":"24.2-1018","token":"24.2\/10\/24.2-1018","url":"\/24.2-1018\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/24.2-1018\/","token":"24.2\/10\/24.2-1018","dublin_core":{"Title":"Immunity of witnesses","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 24.2-1018","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>No <span class=\"dictionary\">witness<\/span> called by the <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> or attorney for the Commonwealth and giving <span class=\"dictionary\">evidence<\/span> for the <span class=\"dictionary\">prosecution<\/span>, either before a <span class=\"dictionary\">grand jury<\/span> or the <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> in any <span class=\"dictionary\">prosecution<\/span> under this title, shall ever be proceeded against for any <span class=\"dictionary\">offense<\/span> made penal by the provisions of this title and committed by him at or in connection with the events germane to the matter being prosecuted; but such <span class=\"dictionary\">witness<\/span> shall be compelled to testify, and for refusing to answer questions, he may be punished for <span class=\"dictionary\">contempt<\/span> by the <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span>.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nIMMUNITY OF WITNESSES (\u00a7 24.2-1018)\n\nNo witness called by the court or attorney for the Commonwealth and giving\nevidence for the prosecution, either before a grand jury or the court in any\nprosecution under this title, shall ever be proceeded against for any offense\nmade penal by the provisions of this title and committed by him at or in\nconnection with the events germane to the matter being prosecuted; but such\nwitness shall be compelled to testify, and for refusing to answer questions, he\nmay be punished for contempt by the court.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 24-449; 1954, c. 347; 1970, c. 462, \u00a7 24.1-281; 1993, c.\n641.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}