{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/24.2-128.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/24.2-128.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/24.2-128.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/24.2-128.html"}],"law_id":83566,"edition_id":1,"section_id":83566,"structure_id":12964,"section_number":"24.2-128","catch_line":"Minority language accessibility","history":"2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 528, 533.","full_text":"A\n\nThe State Board shall designate a county, city, or town as a covered locality if it determines, in consultation with the Director of the Census, on the basis of the 2010 American Community Survey census data and subsequent American Community Survey data in five-year increments, or comparable census data, that (i) more than five percent of the citizens of voting age of such county, city, or town are members of a single language minority and are unable to speak or understand English adequately enough to participate in the electoral process; (ii) more than 10,000 of the citizens of voting age of such county, city, or town are members of a single language minority and are unable to speak or understand English adequately enough to participate in the electoral process; or (iii) in the case of a county, city, or town containing all or any part of an Indian reservation, more than five percent of the American Indian citizens of voting age within the Indian reservation are members of a single language minority and are unable to speak or understand English adequately enough to participate in the electoral process.B\n\nWhenever a covered locality provides any voting or election materials, it shall provide such materials in the language of the applicable minority group as well as in the English language. For purposes of this requirement, “voting or election materials” means registration or voting notices, forms, instructions, assistance, voter information pamphlets, ballots, sample ballots, candidate qualification information, and notices regarding changes to local election districts, precincts, or polling places. For purposes of this requirement, “registration notices” means any notice of voter registration approval, denial, or cancellation required by the provisions of Chapter 4 (§ 24.2-400 et seq.). A covered locality may distribute such materials in the preferred language identified by the voter.C\n\nThe Attorney General, or any qualified voter who is a member of a language minority group for whom a covered locality is required to provide voting or election materials in such language, may institute a cause of action in the circuit court of the covered locality to compel the provision of the voting or election materials in the language of the applicable minority group. In such action, the court may, in its discretion, allow a private plaintiff a reasonable attorney fee as part of the costs, if such plaintiff is the prevailing party.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":299479,"text":"The State Board shall designate a county, city, or town as a covered locality if it determines, in consultation with the Director of the Census, on the basis of the 2010 American Community Survey census data and subsequent American Community Survey data in five-year increments, or comparable census data, that (i) more than five percent of the citizens of voting age of such county, city, or town are members of a single language minority and are unable to speak or understand English adequately enough to participate in the electoral process; (ii) more than 10,000 of the citizens of voting age of such county, city, or town are members of a single language minority and are unable to speak or understand English adequately enough to participate in the electoral process; or (iii) in the case of a county, city, or town containing all or any part of an Indian reservation, more than five percent of the American Indian citizens of voting age within the Indian reservation are members of a single language minority and are unable to speak or understand English adequately enough to participate in the electoral process.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":299480,"text":"Whenever a covered locality provides any voting or election materials, it shall provide such materials in the language of the applicable minority group as well as in the English language. For purposes of this requirement, “voting or election materials” means registration or voting notices, forms, instructions, assistance, voter information pamphlets, ballots, sample ballots, candidate qualification information, and notices regarding changes to local election districts, precincts, or polling places. For purposes of this requirement, “registration notices” means any notice of voter registration approval, denial, or cancellation required by the provisions of Chapter 4 (§ 24.2-400 et seq.). A covered locality may distribute such materials in the preferred language identified by the voter.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":299481,"text":"The Attorney General, or any qualified voter who is a member of a language minority group for whom a covered locality is required to provide voting or election materials in such language, may institute a cause of action in the circuit court of the covered locality to compel the provision of the voting or election materials in the language of the applicable minority group. In such action, the court may, in its discretion, allow a private plaintiff a reasonable attorney fee as part of the costs, if such plaintiff is the prevailing party.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":12964,"edition_id":1,"name":"Rights of Voters","identifier":"1.1","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12937,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","permalink":{"id":187325,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12964,"identifier":"1.1","token":"24.2\/1.1","url":"\/24.2\/1.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12937,"edition_id":1,"name":"Elections","identifier":"24.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:03","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:03","permalink":{"id":187149,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12937,"identifier":"24.2","token":"24.2","url":"\/24.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":59634,"structure_id":12964,"section_number":"24.2-125","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/24.2-125\/","token":"24.2\/1.1\/24.2-125","metadata":false},{"id":59797,"structure_id":12964,"section_number":"24.2-126","catch_line":"Vote denial or dilution","url":"\/24.2-126\/","token":"24.2\/1.1\/24.2-126","metadata":false},{"id":54056,"structure_id":12964,"section_number":"24.2-127","catch_line":"Impairment of voting rights of registered voters","url":"\/24.2-127\/","token":"24.2\/1.1\/24.2-127","metadata":false},{"id":83566,"structure_id":12964,"section_number":"24.2-128","catch_line":"Minority language accessibility","url":"\/24.2-128\/","token":"24.2\/1.1\/24.2-128","metadata":false},{"id":73528,"structure_id":12964,"section_number":"24.2-129","catch_line":"Covered practices; actions required prior to enactment or administration","url":"\/24.2-129\/","token":"24.2\/1.1\/24.2-129","metadata":false},{"id":62568,"structure_id":12964,"section_number":"24.2-130","catch_line":"At-large method of election; limitations; violations; remedies","url":"\/24.2-130\/","token":"24.2\/1.1\/24.2-130","metadata":false},{"id":56804,"structure_id":12964,"section_number":"24.2-131","catch_line":"Voter Education and Outreach Fund","url":"\/24.2-131\/","token":"24.2\/1.1\/24.2-131","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":54056,"structure_id":12964,"section_number":"24.2-127","catch_line":"Impairment of voting rights of registered voters","url":"\/24.2-127\/","token":"24.2\/1.1\/24.2-127","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":73528,"structure_id":12964,"section_number":"24.2-129","catch_line":"Covered practices; actions required prior to enactment or administration","url":"\/24.2-129\/","token":"24.2\/1.1\/24.2-129","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/24.2-128\/","history_text":false,"references":[{"id":79223,"section_number":"24.2-105","catch_line":"Prescribing various forms","order_by":null,"url":"\/24.2-105\/"},{"id":64105,"section_number":"24.2-105.1","catch_line":"Election and voter participation information on the Internet","order_by":null,"url":"\/24.2-105.1\/"},{"id":77348,"section_number":"24.2-649","catch_line":"Assistance for certain voters inside the polling place; penalties","order_by":null,"url":"\/24.2-649\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":70213,"section_number":"24.2-400","catch_line":"Persons entitled to register and vote","order_by":null,"url":"\/24.2-400\/"}],"permalink":{"id":187339,"object_type":"law","relational_id":83566,"identifier":"24.2-128","token":"24.2\/1.1\/24.2-128","url":"\/24.2-128\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/24.2-128\/","token":"24.2\/1.1\/24.2-128","dublin_core":{"Title":"Minority language accessibility","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 24.2-128","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> The State Board<\/span> shall designate a county, city, or town as a covered locality if it determines, in consultation with the Director of the Census, on the basis of the 2010 American Community Survey census data and subsequent American Community Survey data in five-year increments, or comparable census data, that (i) more than five percent of the citizens of voting age of such county, city, or town are members of a single language minority and are unable to speak or understand English adequately enough to participate in the electoral process; (ii) more than 10,000 of the citizens of voting age of such county, city, or town are members of a single language minority and are unable to speak or understand English adequately enough to participate in the electoral process; or (iii) in the case of a county, city, or town containing all or any part of an Indian reservation, more than five percent of the American Indian citizens of voting age within the Indian reservation are members of a single language minority and are unable to speak or understand English adequately enough to participate in the electoral process. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Whenever a covered locality provides any voting or election materials<\/span>, it shall provide such materials in the language of the applicable minority group as well as in the English language. For purposes of this requirement, “voting or election materials<\/span>” means registration or voting notices, forms, instructions, assistance, voter information pamphlets, ballots, sample ballots, candidate<\/span> qualification information, and notices regarding changes to local election districts<\/span>, precincts<\/span>, or polling places<\/span>. For purposes of this requirement, “registration notices<\/span>” means any notice of voter registration approval, denial, or cancellation required by the provisions of Chapter 4 (§ 24.2-400<\/a> et seq.). A covered locality may distribute such materials in the preferred language identified by the voter. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> The Attorney General<\/span>, or any qualified voter<\/span> who is a member of a language minority group for whom a covered locality is required to provide voting or election materials<\/span> in such language, may institute a cause of action<\/span> in the circuit<\/span> court<\/span> of the covered locality to compel the provision of the voting or election materials<\/span> in the language of the applicable minority group. In such action, the court<\/span> may, in its discretion, allow a private plaintiff<\/span> a reasonable attorney fee as part of the costs, if such plaintiff<\/span> is the prevailing party<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nMINORITY LANGUAGE ACCESSIBILITY (\u00a7 24.2-128)\n\nA. The State Board shall designate a county, city, or town as a covered locality\nif it determines, in consultation with the Director of the Census, on the basis\nof the 2010 American Community Survey census data and subsequent American\nCommunity Survey data in five-year increments, or comparable census data, that\n(i) more than five percent of the citizens of voting age of such county, city,\nor town are members of a single language minority and are unable to speak or\nunderstand English adequately enough to participate in the electoral process;\n(ii) more than 10,000 of the citizens of voting age of such county, city, or\ntown are members of a single language minority and are unable to speak or\nunderstand English adequately enough to participate in the electoral process; or\n(iii) in the case of a county, city, or town containing all or any part of an\nIndian reservation, more than five percent of the American Indian citizens of\nvoting age within the Indian reservation are members of a single language\nminority and are unable to speak or understand English adequately enough to\nparticipate in the electoral process.\n\nB. Whenever a covered locality provides any voting or election materials, it\nshall provide such materials in the language of the applicable minority group as\nwell as in the English language. For purposes of this requirement, “voting\nor election materials” means registration or voting notices, forms,\ninstructions, assistance, voter information pamphlets, ballots, sample ballots,\ncandidate qualification information, and notices regarding changes to local\nelection districts, precincts, or polling places. For purposes of this\nrequirement, “registration notices” means any notice of voter\nregistration approval, denial, or cancellation required by the provisions of\nChapter 4 (§ 24.2-400 et seq.). A covered locality may distribute such\nmaterials in the preferred language identified by the voter.\n\nC. The Attorney General, or any qualified voter who is a member of a language\nminority group for whom a covered locality is required to provide voting or\nelection materials in such language, may institute a cause of action in the\ncircuit court of the covered locality to compel the provision of the voting or\nelection materials in the language of the applicable minority group. In such\naction, the court may, in its discretion, allow a private plaintiff a reasonable\nattorney fee as part of the costs, if such plaintiff is the prevailing party.\n\nHISTORY: 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 528, 533.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}