{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/28.2-1401.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/28.2-1401.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/28.2-1401.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/28.2-1401.html"}],"law_id":67432,"edition_id":1,"section_id":67432,"structure_id":16372,"section_number":"28.2-1401","catch_line":"Powers and duties of Commission","history":"1972, c. 711, \u00a7 62.1-13.17; 1980, c. 660, \u00a7\u00a7 62.1-13.21, 62.1-13.24; 1984, c. 556; 1989, c. 342; 1992, c. 836; 1994, c. 112; 1995, c. 850.","full_text":"A\n\nThe Commission may receive gifts, grants, bequests, and devises of coastal primary sand dunes, beaches, and money which shall be held for the uses prescribed by the donor, grantor, or testator and in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.B\n\nThe Commission shall preserve and protect coastal primary sand dunes and beaches and prevent their despoliation and destruction. Whenever practical, the Commission shall accommodate necessary economic development in a manner consistent with the protection of these features. The Commission shall manage any coastal primary sand dunes and beaches it receives as provided in Article 2 (§ 28.2-1503 et seq.) of Chapter 15 of this title.C\n\nIn order to perform its duties under this section and to assist counties, cities and towns in regulating coastal primary sand dunes and beaches, the Commission shall, with the advice and assistance of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, promulgate guidelines which describe the consequences of use of these dunes and beaches.D\n\nIn developing guidelines or regulations under this chapter, the Commission shall consult with all affected state agencies. Consistent with other legal rights, consideration shall be given to the importance of coastal primary sand dunes with their unique physiographic features which, in their natural state, serve as protective barriers from the effects of flooding and erosion caused by coastal storms, thereby protecting life and property; provide an essential source of natural sand replenishment for beaches and an important natural habitat for coastal fauna; and enhance the scenic and recreational attractiveness of Virginia’s coastal area.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":244349,"text":"The Commission may receive gifts, grants, bequests, and devises of coastal primary sand dunes, beaches, and money which shall be held for the uses prescribed by the donor, grantor, or testator and in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":244350,"text":"The Commission shall preserve and protect coastal primary sand dunes and beaches and prevent their despoliation and destruction. Whenever practical, the Commission shall accommodate necessary economic development in a manner consistent with the protection of these features. The Commission shall manage any coastal primary sand dunes and beaches it receives as provided in Article 2 (§ 28.2-1503 et seq.) of Chapter 15 of this title.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":244351,"text":"In order to perform its duties under this section and to assist counties, cities and towns in regulating coastal primary sand dunes and beaches, the Commission shall, with the advice and assistance of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, promulgate guidelines which describe the consequences of use of these dunes and beaches.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":244352,"text":"In developing guidelines or regulations under this chapter, the Commission shall consult with all affected state agencies. Consistent with other legal rights, consideration shall be given to the importance of coastal primary sand dunes with their unique physiographic features which, in their natural state, serve as protective barriers from the effects of flooding and erosion caused by coastal storms, thereby protecting life and property; provide an essential source of natural sand replenishment for beaches and an important natural habitat for coastal fauna; and enhance the scenic and recreational attractiveness of Virginia’s coastal area.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C"}},"ancestry":[{"id":16372,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13041,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 04:15:28","date_modified":"2026-06-26 04:15:28","permalink":{"id":192091,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":16372,"identifier":"1","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/1","url":"\/28.2\/III\/14\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13041,"edition_id":1,"name":"Coastal Primary Sand Dunes and Beaches","identifier":"14","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13040,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:10","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:10","permalink":{"id":192089,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13041,"identifier":"14","token":"28.2\/III\/14","url":"\/28.2\/III\/14\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13040,"edition_id":1,"name":"Habitat","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12813,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:10","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:10","permalink":{"id":191915,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13040,"identifier":"III","token":"28.2\/III","url":"\/28.2\/III\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12813,"edition_id":1,"name":"Fisheries and Habitat of the Tidal Waters","identifier":"28.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":190589,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12813,"identifier":"28.2","token":"28.2","url":"\/28.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":87241,"structure_id":16372,"section_number":"28.2-1400","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/28.2-1400\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/1\/28.2-1400","metadata":false},{"id":67432,"structure_id":16372,"section_number":"28.2-1401","catch_line":"Powers and duties of Commission","url":"\/28.2-1401\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/1\/28.2-1401","metadata":false},{"id":87136,"structure_id":16372,"section_number":"28.2-1402","catch_line":"Expired","url":"\/28.2-1402\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/1\/28.2-1402","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":87241,"structure_id":16372,"section_number":"28.2-1400","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/28.2-1400\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/1\/28.2-1400","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":87136,"structure_id":16372,"section_number":"28.2-1402","catch_line":"Expired","url":"\/28.2-1402\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/1\/28.2-1402","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/28.2-1401\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1972. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 711 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1972 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 6 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1980, chapter 660; in 1984, chapter 556; in 1989, chapter 342; in 1992, chapter 836; in 1994, chapter 112<\/a>; in 1995, chapter 850<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":62427,"section_number":"28.2-1403","catch_line":"Certain counties, cities, and towns authorized to adopt coastal primary sand dune ordinance","order_by":null,"url":"\/28.2-1403\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":56598,"section_number":"28.2-1503","catch_line":"Management of lands","order_by":null,"url":"\/28.2-1503\/"}],"permalink":{"id":192097,"object_type":"law","relational_id":67432,"identifier":"28.2-1401","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/1\/28.2-1401","url":"\/28.2-1401\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/28.2-1401\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/1\/28.2-1401","dublin_core":{"Title":"Powers and duties of Commission","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 28.2-1401","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> The Commission<\/span> may receive gifts, grants, bequests, and devises of coastal primary sand dunes, beaches, and money which shall be held for the uses prescribed by the donor, grantor, or testator and in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> The Commission<\/span> shall preserve and protect coastal primary sand dunes and beaches and prevent their despoliation and destruction. Whenever practical, the Commission<\/span> shall accommodate necessary economic development in a manner consistent with the protection of these features. The Commission<\/span> shall manage any coastal primary sand dunes and beaches it receives as provided in Article 2 (§ 28.2-1503<\/a> et seq.) of Chapter 15 of this title. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> In order<\/span> to perform its duties under this section and to assist counties, cities and towns in regulating coastal primary sand dunes and beaches, the Commission<\/span> shall, with the advice and assistance of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, promulgate guidelines which describe the consequences of use of these dunes and beaches. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> In developing guidelines or regulations under this chapter, the Commission<\/span> shall consult with all affected state agencies. Consistent with other legal rights, consideration shall be given to the importance of coastal primary sand dunes with their unique physiographic features which, in their natural state, serve as protective barriers from the effects of flooding and erosion caused by coastal storms, thereby protecting life and property; provide an essential source of natural sand replenishment for beaches and an important natural habitat<\/span> for coastal fauna; and enhance the scenic and recreational attractiveness of Virginia’s coastal area. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPOWERS AND DUTIES OF COMMISSION (\u00a7 28.2-1401)\n\nA. The Commission may receive gifts, grants, bequests, and devises of coastal\nprimary sand dunes, beaches, and money which shall be held for the uses\nprescribed by the donor, grantor, or testator and in accordance with the\nprovisions of this chapter.\n\nB. The Commission shall preserve and protect coastal primary sand dunes and\nbeaches and prevent their despoliation and destruction. Whenever practical, the\nCommission shall accommodate necessary economic development in a manner\nconsistent with the protection of these features. The Commission shall manage\nany coastal primary sand dunes and beaches it receives as provided in Article 2\n(§ 28.2-1503 et seq.) of Chapter 15 of this title.\n\nC. In order to perform its duties under this section and to assist counties,\ncities and towns in regulating coastal primary sand dunes and beaches, the\nCommission shall, with the advice and assistance of the Virginia Institute of\nMarine Science, promulgate guidelines which describe the consequences of use of\nthese dunes and beaches.\n\nD. In developing guidelines or regulations under this chapter, the Commission\nshall consult with all affected state agencies. Consistent with other legal\nrights, consideration shall be given to the importance of coastal primary sand\ndunes with their unique physiographic features which, in their natural state,\nserve as protective barriers from the effects of flooding and erosion caused by\ncoastal storms, thereby protecting life and property; provide an essential\nsource of natural sand replenishment for beaches and an important natural\nhabitat for coastal fauna; and enhance the scenic and recreational\nattractiveness of Virginia’s coastal area.\n\nHISTORY: 1972, c. 711, \u00a7 62.1-13.17; 1980, c. 660, \u00a7\u00a7 62.1-13.21, 62.1-13.24;\n1984, c. 556; 1989, c. 342; 1992, c. 836; 1994, c. 112; 1995, c. 850.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}