{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/28.2-1408.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/28.2-1408.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/28.2-1408.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/28.2-1408.html"}],"law_id":63696,"edition_id":1,"section_id":63696,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1408","catch_line":"Standards for use of coastal primary sand dunes","history":"1980, c. 660, \u00a7 62.1-13.23; 1992, c. 836.","full_text":"No permanent alteration of or construction upon any coastal primary sand dune shall take place which would (i) impair the natural functions of the dune, (ii) physically alter the contour of the dune, or (iii) destroy vegetation growing thereon unless the wetlands board or the Commission, whichever is applicable, determines that there will be no significant adverse ecological impact, or that the granting of a permit is clearly necessary and consistent with the public interest, considering all material factors.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":232009,"text":"No permanent alteration of or construction upon any coastal primary sand dune shall take place which would (i) impair the natural functions of the dune, (ii) physically alter the contour of the dune, or (iii) destroy vegetation growing thereon unless the wetlands board or the Commission, whichever is applicable, determines that there will be no significant adverse ecological impact, or that the granting of a permit is clearly necessary and consistent with the public interest, considering all material factors.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":15370,"edition_id":1,"name":"Permits and Review","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13041,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:54:24","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:54:24","permalink":{"id":192119,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15370,"identifier":"3","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3","url":"\/28.2\/III\/14\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13041,"edition_id":1,"name":"Coastal Primary Sand Dunes and Beaches","identifier":"14","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13040,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:10","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:10","permalink":{"id":192089,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13041,"identifier":"14","token":"28.2\/III\/14","url":"\/28.2\/III\/14\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13040,"edition_id":1,"name":"Habitat","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12813,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:10","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:10","permalink":{"id":191915,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13040,"identifier":"III","token":"28.2\/III","url":"\/28.2\/III\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12813,"edition_id":1,"name":"Fisheries and Habitat of the Tidal Waters","identifier":"28.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":190589,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12813,"identifier":"28.2","token":"28.2","url":"\/28.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":58538,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1406","catch_line":"Permits required for certain activities; issuance of permits by Commission","url":"\/28.2-1406\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1406","metadata":false},{"id":67580,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1407","catch_line":"Administrative procedures","url":"\/28.2-1407\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1407","metadata":false},{"id":63696,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1408","catch_line":"Standards for use of coastal primary sand dunes","url":"\/28.2-1408\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1408","metadata":false},{"id":85904,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1408.1","catch_line":"Expired","url":"\/28.2-1408.1\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1408.1","metadata":false},{"id":74069,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1408.2","catch_line":"Exemptions","url":"\/28.2-1408.2\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1408.2","metadata":false},{"id":64728,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1409","catch_line":"Emergency sand grading activities on sand dunes located on the Atlantic Shoreline of Virginia Beach","url":"\/28.2-1409\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1409","metadata":false},{"id":64063,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1410","catch_line":"Commissioner to review all decisions of wetlands boards","url":"\/28.2-1410\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1410","metadata":false},{"id":69939,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1411","catch_line":"When Commission to review decision of wetlands board","url":"\/28.2-1411\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1411","metadata":false},{"id":71075,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1412","catch_line":"Procedure for review; notice of decision","url":"\/28.2-1412\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1412","metadata":false},{"id":69332,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1413","catch_line":"When Commission to modify, remand or reverse decision of wetlands board","url":"\/28.2-1413\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1413","metadata":false},{"id":68346,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1414","catch_line":"Time for issuance of permit","url":"\/28.2-1414\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1414","metadata":false},{"id":73945,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1415","catch_line":"Judicial review","url":"\/28.2-1415\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1415","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":67580,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1407","catch_line":"Administrative procedures","url":"\/28.2-1407\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1407","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":85904,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1408.1","catch_line":"Expired","url":"\/28.2-1408.1\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1408.1","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/28.2-1408\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1980. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 660 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1980 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 1992, chapter 836.<\/p>","references":[{"id":62427,"section_number":"28.2-1403","catch_line":"Certain counties, cities, and towns authorized to adopt coastal primary sand dune ordinance","order_by":null,"url":"\/28.2-1403\/"},{"id":74069,"section_number":"28.2-1408.2","catch_line":"Exemptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/28.2-1408.2\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":192129,"object_type":"law","relational_id":63696,"identifier":"28.2-1408","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1408","url":"\/28.2-1408\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/28.2-1408\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1408","dublin_core":{"Title":"Standards for use of coastal primary sand dunes","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 28.2-1408","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>No permanent alteration of or construction upon any coastal primary sand dune shall take place which would (i) impair the natural functions of the dune, (ii) physically alter the contour of the dune, or (iii) destroy vegetation growing thereon unless the wetlands board or the <span class=\"dictionary\">Commission<\/span>, whichever is applicable, determines that there will be no significant adverse ecological impact, or that the granting of a permit is clearly necessary and consistent with the public interest, considering all <span class=\"dictionary\">material<\/span> factors.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nSTANDARDS FOR USE OF COASTAL PRIMARY SAND DUNES (\u00a7 28.2-1408)\n\nNo permanent alteration of or construction upon any coastal primary sand dune\nshall take place which would (i) impair the natural functions of the dune, (ii)\nphysically alter the contour of the dune, or (iii) destroy vegetation growing\nthereon unless the wetlands board or the Commission, whichever is applicable,\ndetermines that there will be no significant adverse ecological impact, or that\nthe granting of a permit is clearly necessary and consistent with the public\ninterest, considering all material factors.\n\nHISTORY: 1980, c. 660, \u00a7 62.1-13.23; 1992, c. 836.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}