{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/28.2-1413.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/28.2-1413.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/28.2-1413.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/28.2-1413.html"}],"law_id":69332,"edition_id":1,"section_id":69332,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1413","catch_line":"When Commission to modify, remand or reverse decision of wetlands board","history":"1992, c. 836.","full_text":"The Commission shall modify, remand or reverse the decision of the wetlands board if:\n\n1\n\nThe wetlands board, in reaching its decision, failed to fulfill its responsibilities under the coastal primary sand dune zoning ordinance; or2\n\nThe substantial rights of the appellant or the applicant have been prejudiced because the findings, conclusions, or decisions of the board are:\n\t\t\ta. In violation of constitutional provisions;\n\t\t\tb. In excess of statutory authority or jurisdiction of the wetlands board;\n\t\t\tc. Made upon unlawful procedure;\n\t\t\td. Affected by other error of law;\n\t\t\te. Unsupported by the evidence on the record considered as a whole; or\n\t\t\tf. Arbitrary, capricious, or an abuse of discretion.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":250788,"text":"The Commission shall modify, remand or reverse the decision of the wetlands board if:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":250789,"text":"The wetlands board, in reaching its decision, failed to fulfill its responsibilities under the coastal primary sand dune zoning ordinance; or","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":250790,"text":"The substantial rights of the appellant or the applicant have been prejudiced because the findings, conclusions, or decisions of the board are:\n\t\t\ta. In violation of constitutional provisions;\n\t\t\tb. In excess of statutory authority or jurisdiction of the wetlands board;\n\t\t\tc. Made upon unlawful procedure;\n\t\t\td. Affected by other error of law;\n\t\t\te. Unsupported by the evidence on the record considered as a whole; or\n\t\t\tf. Arbitrary, capricious, or an abuse of discretion.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15370,"edition_id":1,"name":"Permits and Review","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13041,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:54:24","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:54:24","permalink":{"id":192119,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15370,"identifier":"3","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3","url":"\/28.2\/III\/14\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13041,"edition_id":1,"name":"Coastal Primary Sand Dunes and Beaches","identifier":"14","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13040,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:10","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:10","permalink":{"id":192089,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13041,"identifier":"14","token":"28.2\/III\/14","url":"\/28.2\/III\/14\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13040,"edition_id":1,"name":"Habitat","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12813,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:10","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:10","permalink":{"id":191915,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13040,"identifier":"III","token":"28.2\/III","url":"\/28.2\/III\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12813,"edition_id":1,"name":"Fisheries and Habitat of the Tidal Waters","identifier":"28.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":190589,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12813,"identifier":"28.2","token":"28.2","url":"\/28.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":58538,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1406","catch_line":"Permits required for certain activities; issuance of permits by Commission","url":"\/28.2-1406\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1406","metadata":false},{"id":67580,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1407","catch_line":"Administrative procedures","url":"\/28.2-1407\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1407","metadata":false},{"id":63696,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1408","catch_line":"Standards for use of coastal primary sand dunes","url":"\/28.2-1408\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1408","metadata":false},{"id":85904,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1408.1","catch_line":"Expired","url":"\/28.2-1408.1\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1408.1","metadata":false},{"id":74069,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1408.2","catch_line":"Exemptions","url":"\/28.2-1408.2\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1408.2","metadata":false},{"id":64728,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1409","catch_line":"Emergency sand grading activities on sand dunes located on the Atlantic Shoreline of Virginia Beach","url":"\/28.2-1409\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1409","metadata":false},{"id":64063,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1410","catch_line":"Commissioner to review all decisions of wetlands boards","url":"\/28.2-1410\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1410","metadata":false},{"id":69939,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1411","catch_line":"When Commission to review decision of wetlands board","url":"\/28.2-1411\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1411","metadata":false},{"id":71075,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1412","catch_line":"Procedure for review; notice of decision","url":"\/28.2-1412\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1412","metadata":false},{"id":69332,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1413","catch_line":"When Commission to modify, remand or reverse decision of wetlands board","url":"\/28.2-1413\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1413","metadata":false},{"id":68346,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1414","catch_line":"Time for issuance of permit","url":"\/28.2-1414\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1414","metadata":false},{"id":73945,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1415","catch_line":"Judicial review","url":"\/28.2-1415\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1415","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":71075,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1412","catch_line":"Procedure for review; notice of decision","url":"\/28.2-1412\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1412","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":68346,"structure_id":15370,"section_number":"28.2-1414","catch_line":"Time for issuance of permit","url":"\/28.2-1414\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1414","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/28.2-1413\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1992. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 836 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1992 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":192157,"object_type":"law","relational_id":69332,"identifier":"28.2-1413","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1413","url":"\/28.2-1413\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/28.2-1413\/","token":"28.2\/III\/14\/3\/28.2-1413","dublin_core":{"Title":"When Commission to modify, remand or reverse decision of wetlands board","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 28.2-1413","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>The <span class=\"dictionary\">Commission<\/span> shall modify, <span class=\"dictionary\">remand<\/span> or <span class=\"dictionary\">reverse<\/span> the decision of the wetlands board if:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">1.<\/span> The wetlands board, in reaching its decision, failed to fulfill its responsibilities under the coastal primary sand dune zoning <span class=\"dictionary\">ordinance<\/span>; or <a id=\"paragraph-250789\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/28.2-1413\/#1\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"2\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">2.<\/span> The substantial rights of the <span class=\"dictionary\">appellant<\/span> or the applicant have been prejudiced because the <span class=\"dictionary\">findings<\/span>, conclusions, or decisions of the board are:\n\t\t\ta. In violation of constitutional provisions;\n\t\t\tb. In excess of statutory authority or <span class=\"dictionary\">jurisdiction<\/span> of the wetlands board;\n\t\t\tc. Made upon unlawful procedure;\n\t\t\td. Affected by other error of <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span>;\n\t\t\te. Unsupported by the <span class=\"dictionary\">evidence<\/span> on the record considered as a whole; or\n\t\t\tf. Arbitrary, capricious, or an abuse of discretion. <a id=\"paragraph-250790\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/28.2-1413\/#2\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nWHEN COMMISSION TO MODIFY, REMAND OR REVERSE DECISION OF WETLANDS BOARD (\u00a7\n28.2-1413)\n\nThe Commission shall modify, remand or reverse the decision of the wetlands\nboard if:\n\n1. The wetlands board, in reaching its decision, failed to fulfill its\nresponsibilities under the coastal primary sand dune zoning ordinance; or\n\n2. The substantial rights of the appellant or the applicant have been prejudiced\nbecause the findings, conclusions, or decisions of the board are:\n\t\t\ta. In violation of constitutional provisions;\n\t\t\tb. In excess of statutory authority or jurisdiction of the wetlands board;\n\t\t\tc. Made upon unlawful procedure;\n\t\t\td. Affected by other error of law;\n\t\t\te. Unsupported by the evidence on the record considered as a whole; or\n\t\t\tf. Arbitrary, capricious, or an abuse of discretion.\n\nHISTORY: 1992, c. 836.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}