{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/28.2-553.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/28.2-553.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/28.2-553.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/28.2-553.html"}],"law_id":86985,"edition_id":1,"section_id":86985,"structure_id":14511,"section_number":"28.2-553","catch_line":"Reestablishment of lines of Baylor survey; procedure; evidence of reestablished lines","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 28-118; 1962, c. 406, \u00a7 28.1-101; 1964, c. 393; 1992, c. 836.","full_text":"The Commission may reestablish, relocate, and remark all lines of the Baylor survey which cannot be otherwise relocated because of the loss or destruction of previous marks. In reestablishing any such lines, the line surveyed by Fred E. Ruediger shall be followed wherever such line exists or was surveyed. Where no former line can be reestablished the Commission may establish a new line.\n\t\tWhen such grounds or lines have been reestablished and relocated, the reestablishment and relocation shall be conclusive evidence in all courts of the Commonwealth that such grounds are public oyster rocks, beds, or shoals and that all grounds lying outside of such boundaries are rental grounds. Plats shall be made under the direction of the Commission showing the reestablishment of such lines, and shall be recorded in the appropriate clerk’s office.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":311473,"text":"The Commission may reestablish, relocate, and remark all lines of the Baylor survey which cannot be otherwise relocated because of the loss or destruction of previous marks. In reestablishing any such lines, the line surveyed by Fred E. Ruediger shall be followed wherever such line exists or was surveyed. Where no former line can be reestablished the Commission may establish a new line.\n\t\tWhen such grounds or lines have been reestablished and relocated, the reestablishment and relocation shall be conclusive evidence in all courts of the Commonwealth that such grounds are public oyster rocks, beds, or shoals and that all grounds lying outside of such boundaries are rental grounds. Plats shall be made under the direction of the Commission showing the reestablishment of such lines, and shall be recorded in the appropriate clerk’s office.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":14511,"edition_id":1,"name":"Surveys and Resurveys","identifier":"4","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13617,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:48:27","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:48:27","permalink":{"id":191419,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14511,"identifier":"4","token":"28.2\/II\/5\/4","url":"\/28.2\/II\/5\/4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13617,"edition_id":1,"name":"Oysters and Clams","identifier":"5","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12814,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:23","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:23","permalink":{"id":191215,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13617,"identifier":"5","token":"28.2\/II\/5","url":"\/28.2\/II\/5\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12814,"edition_id":1,"name":"Tidal Fisheries","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12813,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":190673,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12814,"identifier":"II","token":"28.2\/II","url":"\/28.2\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12813,"edition_id":1,"name":"Fisheries and Habitat of the Tidal Waters","identifier":"28.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":190589,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12813,"identifier":"28.2","token":"28.2","url":"\/28.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":58956,"structure_id":14511,"section_number":"28.2-551","catch_line":"Surveys and reports as conclusive evidence","url":"\/28.2-551\/","token":"28.2\/II\/5\/4\/28.2-551","metadata":false},{"id":60429,"structure_id":14511,"section_number":"28.2-551.1","catch_line":"Continuing or reestablishing historic Baylor Survey lines","url":"\/28.2-551.1\/","token":"28.2\/II\/5\/4\/28.2-551.1","metadata":false},{"id":76771,"structure_id":14511,"section_number":"28.2-552","catch_line":"Resurvey on motion of Commission or on application of citizens","url":"\/28.2-552\/","token":"28.2\/II\/5\/4\/28.2-552","metadata":false},{"id":86985,"structure_id":14511,"section_number":"28.2-553","catch_line":"Reestablishment of lines of Baylor survey; procedure; evidence of reestablished lines","url":"\/28.2-553\/","token":"28.2\/II\/5\/4\/28.2-553","metadata":false},{"id":85264,"structure_id":14511,"section_number":"28.2-554","catch_line":"Sale of Baylor survey charts and plats","url":"\/28.2-554\/","token":"28.2\/II\/5\/4\/28.2-554","metadata":false},{"id":78827,"structure_id":14511,"section_number":"28.2-555","catch_line":"Crossings of Baylor survey","url":"\/28.2-555\/","token":"28.2\/II\/5\/4\/28.2-555","metadata":false},{"id":68673,"structure_id":14511,"section_number":"28.2-556","catch_line":"Erosion control devices within the Baylor survey","url":"\/28.2-556\/","token":"28.2\/II\/5\/4\/28.2-556","metadata":false},{"id":66662,"structure_id":14511,"section_number":"28.2-557","catch_line":"Unlawful to threaten or hinder surveyor; rights of surveyor; penalty","url":"\/28.2-557\/","token":"28.2\/II\/5\/4\/28.2-557","metadata":false},{"id":55934,"structure_id":14511,"section_number":"28.2-558","catch_line":"Placing permanent markers","url":"\/28.2-558\/","token":"28.2\/II\/5\/4\/28.2-558","metadata":false},{"id":58595,"structure_id":14511,"section_number":"28.2-559","catch_line":"Removal of oysters planted by mistake","url":"\/28.2-559\/","token":"28.2\/II\/5\/4\/28.2-559","metadata":false},{"id":73981,"structure_id":14511,"section_number":"28.2-560","catch_line":"Larceny of oysters and shells; penalty","url":"\/28.2-560\/","token":"28.2\/II\/5\/4\/28.2-560","metadata":false},{"id":74152,"structure_id":14511,"section_number":"28.2-561","catch_line":"Removal of markers of planting grounds; penalty","url":"\/28.2-561\/","token":"28.2\/II\/5\/4\/28.2-561","metadata":false},{"id":77160,"structure_id":14511,"section_number":"28.2-562","catch_line":"Maps to be filed; evidential value","url":"\/28.2-562\/","token":"28.2\/II\/5\/4\/28.2-562","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":76771,"structure_id":14511,"section_number":"28.2-552","catch_line":"Resurvey on motion of Commission or on application of citizens","url":"\/28.2-552\/","token":"28.2\/II\/5\/4\/28.2-552","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":85264,"structure_id":14511,"section_number":"28.2-554","catch_line":"Sale of Baylor survey charts and plats","url":"\/28.2-554\/","token":"28.2\/II\/5\/4\/28.2-554","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/28.2-553\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1962, chapter 406; in 1964, chapter 393; in 1992, chapter 836.<\/p>","references":[{"id":60429,"section_number":"28.2-551.1","catch_line":"Continuing or reestablishing historic Baylor Survey lines","order_by":null,"url":"\/28.2-551.1\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":191433,"object_type":"law","relational_id":86985,"identifier":"28.2-553","token":"28.2\/II\/5\/4\/28.2-553","url":"\/28.2-553\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/28.2-553\/","token":"28.2\/II\/5\/4\/28.2-553","dublin_core":{"Title":"Reestablishment of lines of Baylor survey; procedure; evidence of reestablished lines","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 28.2-553","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

The Commission<\/span> may reestablish, relocate, and remark all lines of the Baylor survey which cannot be otherwise relocated because of the loss or destruction of previous marks. In reestablishing any such lines, the line surveyed by Fred E. Ruediger shall be followed wherever such line exists or was surveyed. Where no former line can be reestablished the Commission<\/span> may establish a new line.\n\t\tWhen such grounds or lines have been reestablished and relocated, the reestablishment and relocation shall be conclusive evidence<\/span> in all courts<\/span> of the Commonwealth that such grounds are public oyster rocks, beds, or shoals<\/span> and that all grounds lying outside of such boundaries are rental grounds. Plats shall be made under the direction of the Commission<\/span> showing the reestablishment of such lines, and shall be recorded in the appropriate clerk’s office.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nREESTABLISHMENT OF LINES OF BAYLOR SURVEY; PROCEDURE; EVIDENCE OF REESTABLISHED\nLINES (\u00a7 28.2-553)\n\nThe Commission may reestablish, relocate, and remark all lines of the Baylor\nsurvey which cannot be otherwise relocated because of the loss or destruction of\nprevious marks. In reestablishing any such lines, the line surveyed by Fred E.\nRuediger shall be followed wherever such line exists or was surveyed. Where no\nformer line can be reestablished the Commission may establish a new line.\n\t\tWhen such grounds or lines have been reestablished and relocated, the\nreestablishment and relocation shall be conclusive evidence in all courts of the\nCommonwealth that such grounds are public oyster rocks, beds, or shoals and that\nall grounds lying outside of such boundaries are rental grounds. Plats shall be\nmade under the direction of the Commission showing the reestablishment of such\nlines, and shall be recorded in the appropriate clerk’s office.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 28-118; 1962, c. 406, \u00a7 28.1-101; 1964, c. 393; 1992, c.\n836.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}