{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/3.2-6593.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/3.2-6593.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/3.2-6593.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/3.2-6593.html"}],"law_id":71226,"edition_id":1,"section_id":71226,"structure_id":16116,"section_number":"3.2-6593","catch_line":"Enforcement; civil action; penalty","history":"2018, c. 672.","full_text":"The Attorney General may bring a civil action in the appropriate circuit court for injunctive relief to enforce the provisions of this article. Any person who violates any provision of this article may, upon such finding by an appropriate circuit court, be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 and any court costs and attorney fees. Such civil penalties shall be paid into the state treasury.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":256721,"text":"The Attorney General may bring a civil action in the appropriate circuit court for injunctive relief to enforce the provisions of this article. Any person who violates any provision of this article may, upon such finding by an appropriate circuit court, be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 and any court costs and attorney fees. Such civil penalties shall be paid into the state treasury.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":16116,"edition_id":1,"name":"Animal Research","identifier":"13","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13170,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 04:06:25","date_modified":"2026-06-26 04:06:25","permalink":{"id":198561,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":16116,"identifier":"13","token":"3.2\/V\/65\/13","url":"\/3.2\/V\/65\/13\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13170,"edition_id":1,"name":"Comprehensive Animal Care","identifier":"65","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13169,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:23","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:23","permalink":{"id":198459,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13170,"identifier":"65","token":"3.2\/V\/65","url":"\/3.2\/V\/65\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13169,"edition_id":1,"name":"Domestic Animals","identifier":"V","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12793,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:23","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:23","permalink":{"id":198133,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13169,"identifier":"V","token":"3.2\/V","url":"\/3.2\/V\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12793,"edition_id":1,"name":"Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food","identifier":"3.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:53","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:53","permalink":{"id":193939,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12793,"identifier":"3.2","token":"3.2","url":"\/3.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":66013,"structure_id":16116,"section_number":"3.2-6591","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/3.2-6591\/","token":"3.2\/V\/65\/13\/3.2-6591","metadata":false},{"id":81898,"structure_id":16116,"section_number":"3.2-6592","catch_line":"Manufacturers and contract testing facilities required to use alternative test methods when available","url":"\/3.2-6592\/","token":"3.2\/V\/65\/13\/3.2-6592","metadata":false},{"id":86352,"structure_id":16116,"section_number":"3.2-6592.1","catch_line":"Breeding cats and dogs for experimental purposes","url":"\/3.2-6592.1\/","token":"3.2\/V\/65\/13\/3.2-6592.1","metadata":false},{"id":71226,"structure_id":16116,"section_number":"3.2-6593","catch_line":"Enforcement; civil action; penalty","url":"\/3.2-6593\/","token":"3.2\/V\/65\/13\/3.2-6593","metadata":false},{"id":76053,"structure_id":16116,"section_number":"3.2-6593.1","catch_line":"Animal testing facilities; adoption of dogs and cats","url":"\/3.2-6593.1\/","token":"3.2\/V\/65\/13\/3.2-6593.1","metadata":false},{"id":81761,"structure_id":16116,"section_number":"3.2-6593.2","catch_line":"Animal testing facilities; public notification","url":"\/3.2-6593.2\/","token":"3.2\/V\/65\/13\/3.2-6593.2","metadata":false},{"id":63698,"structure_id":16116,"section_number":"3.2-6593.3","catch_line":"Animal testing facilities operated by a state agency; nonhuman primates","url":"\/3.2-6593.3\/","token":"3.2\/V\/65\/13\/3.2-6593.3","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":86352,"structure_id":16116,"section_number":"3.2-6592.1","catch_line":"Breeding cats and dogs for experimental purposes","url":"\/3.2-6592.1\/","token":"3.2\/V\/65\/13\/3.2-6592.1","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":76053,"structure_id":16116,"section_number":"3.2-6593.1","catch_line":"Animal testing facilities; adoption of dogs and cats","url":"\/3.2-6593.1\/","token":"3.2\/V\/65\/13\/3.2-6593.1","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/3.2-6593\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 2018. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?181+ful+CHAP0672\">672<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":198575,"object_type":"law","relational_id":71226,"identifier":"3.2-6593","token":"3.2\/V\/65\/13\/3.2-6593","url":"\/3.2-6593\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/3.2-6593\/","token":"3.2\/V\/65\/13\/3.2-6593","dublin_core":{"Title":"Enforcement; civil action; penalty","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 3.2-6593","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>The <span class=\"dictionary\">Attorney General<\/span> may bring a <span class=\"dictionary\">civil action<\/span> in the appropriate <span class=\"dictionary\">circuit<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> for injunctive relief to enforce the provisions of this article. Any person who violates any provision of this article may, upon such <span class=\"dictionary\">finding<\/span> by an appropriate <span class=\"dictionary\">circuit<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span>, be subject to a civil <span class=\"dictionary\">penalty<\/span> of not more than $5,000 and any <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> costs and attorney fees. Such civil penalties shall be paid into the state treasury.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nENFORCEMENT; CIVIL ACTION; PENALTY (\u00a7 3.2-6593)\n\nThe Attorney General may bring a civil action in the appropriate circuit court\nfor injunctive relief to enforce the provisions of this article. Any person who\nviolates any provision of this article may, upon such finding by an appropriate\ncircuit court, be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 and any\ncourt costs and attorney fees. Such civil penalties shall be paid into the state\ntreasury.\n\nHISTORY: 2018, c. 672.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}