{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/32.1-134.4.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/32.1-134.4.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/32.1-134.4.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/32.1-134.4.html"}],"law_id":55369,"edition_id":1,"section_id":55369,"structure_id":12729,"section_number":"32.1-134.4","catch_line":"Right of podiatrists or advanced practice registered nurses to injunction","history":"1983, c. 259; 1992, c. 452; 2023, c. 183; 2025, cc. 166, 180.","full_text":"Any licensed podiatrist or certified nurse midwife licensed as an advanced practice registered nurse in Virginia who is aggrieved by any violation of \u00a7 32.1-134.2 or 32.1-134.3 shall have the right to seek an injunction from the circuit court of the city or county in which the hospital alleged to have committed the violation is located, prohibiting any further such violation. The provisions of this section shall not be deemed to impair or affect any other right or remedy. A violation of this section, however, shall not constitute a violation of the provisions of this article for the purposes of \u00a7 32.1-27.3 or 32.1-135.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":203016,"text":"Any licensed podiatrist or certified nurse midwife licensed as an advanced practice registered nurse in Virginia who is aggrieved by any violation of \u00a7 32.1-134.2 or 32.1-134.3 shall have the right to seek an injunction from the circuit court of the city or county in which the hospital alleged to have committed the violation is located, prohibiting any further such violation. The provisions of this section shall not be deemed to impair or affect any other right or remedy. A violation of this section, however, shall not constitute a violation of the provisions of this article for the purposes of \u00a7 32.1-27.3 or 32.1-135.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":12729,"edition_id":1,"name":"Hospital and Nursing Home Licensure and Inspection","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12728,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":202857,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12729,"identifier":"1","token":"32.1\/5\/1","url":"\/32.1\/5\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12728,"edition_id":1,"name":"Regulation of Medical Care Facilities and Services","identifier":"5","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12727,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":202855,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12728,"identifier":"5","token":"32.1\/5","url":"\/32.1\/5\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12727,"edition_id":1,"name":"Health","identifier":"32.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":201099,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12727,"identifier":"32.1","token":"32.1","url":"\/32.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":80727,"structure_id":12729,"section_number":"32.1-123","catch_line":"(Effective January 1, 2026) Definitions","url":"\/32.1-123\/","token":"32.1\/5\/1\/32.1-123","metadata":false},{"id":75042,"structure_id":12729,"section_number":"32.1-124","catch_line":"Exemptions","url":"\/32.1-124\/","token":"32.1\/5\/1\/32.1-124","metadata":false},{"id":58545,"structure_id":12729,"section_number":"32.1-125","catch_line":"Establishment or operation of hospitals and nursing homes prohibited without license or certification; 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restriction or prohibition of new admissions to certified nursing facility","url":"\/32.1-135\/","token":"32.1\/5\/1\/32.1-135","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/32.1-134.4\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1983. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 259 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1983 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1992, chapter 452; in 2023, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?231+ful+CHAP0183\">183<\/a>; in 2025, chapters <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?251+ful+CHAP0166\">166<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?251+ful+CHAP0180\">180<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":71090,"section_number":"32.1-134.2","catch_line":"Clinical privileges for certain practitioners","order_by":null,"url":"\/32.1-134.2\/"},{"id":68078,"section_number":"32.1-134.3","catch_line":"Response to applications for clinical privileges","order_by":null,"url":"\/32.1-134.3\/"},{"id":75670,"section_number":"32.1-135","catch_line":"Revocation or suspension of license or certification of hospital or certified nursing facility; restriction or prohibition of new admissions to certified nursing facility","order_by":null,"url":"\/32.1-135\/"},{"id":77478,"section_number":"32.1-27.3","catch_line":"Sanctions; civil penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/32.1-27.3\/"}],"permalink":{"id":203027,"object_type":"law","relational_id":55369,"identifier":"32.1-134.4","token":"32.1\/5\/1\/32.1-134.4","url":"\/32.1-134.4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/32.1-134.4\/","token":"32.1\/5\/1\/32.1-134.4","dublin_core":{"Title":"Right of podiatrists or advanced practice registered nurses to injunction","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 32.1-134.4","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Any licensed podiatrist or certified nurse midwife licensed as an advanced practice registered nurse in Virginia who is aggrieved by any violation of \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Clinical privileges for certain practitioners\" href=\"\/32.1-134.2\/\">32.1-134.2<\/a> or <a class=\"law\" title=\"Response to applications for clinical privileges\" href=\"\/32.1-134.3\/\">32.1-134.3<\/a> shall have the right to seek an <span class=\"dictionary\">injunction<\/span> from the <span class=\"dictionary\">circuit<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> of the city or county in which the <span class=\"dictionary\">hospital<\/span> alleged to have committed the violation is located, prohibiting any further such violation. The provisions of this section shall not be deemed to impair or affect any other right or remedy. A violation of this section, however, shall not constitute a violation of the provisions of this article for the purposes of \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Sanctions; civil penalty\" href=\"\/32.1-27.3\/\">32.1-27.3<\/a> or <a class=\"law\" title=\"Revocation or suspension of license or certification of hospital or certified nursing facility; restriction or prohibition of new admissions to certified nursing facility\" href=\"\/32.1-135\/\">32.1-135<\/a>.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nRIGHT OF PODIATRISTS OR ADVANCED PRACTICE REGISTERED NURSES TO INJUNCTION (\u00a7\n32.1-134.4)\n\nAny licensed podiatrist or certified nurse midwife licensed as an advanced\npractice registered nurse in Virginia who is aggrieved by any violation of \u00a7\n32.1-134.2 or 32.1-134.3 shall have the right to seek an injunction from the\ncircuit court of the city or county in which the hospital alleged to have\ncommitted the violation is located, prohibiting any further such violation. The\nprovisions of this section shall not be deemed to impair or affect any other\nright or remedy. A violation of this section, however, shall not constitute a\nviolation of the provisions of this article for the purposes of \u00a7 32.1-27.3 or\n32.1-135.\n\nHISTORY: 1983, c. 259; 1992, c. 452; 2023, c. 183; 2025, cc. 166, 180.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}