{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/32.1-162.21.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/32.1-162.21.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/32.1-162.21.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/32.1-162.21.html"}],"law_id":71344,"edition_id":1,"section_id":71344,"structure_id":15951,"section_number":"32.1-162.21","catch_line":"Definitions","history":"2001, cc. 868, 870.","full_text":"As used in this chapter, unless the context clearly requires another meaning:\n\t\t“Cloning” means the production of a precise genetic copy of a molecule, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), or of chromosomes.\n\t\t“Human cloning” means the creation of or attempt to create a human being by transferring the nucleus from a human cell from whatever source into an oocyte from which the nucleus has been removed.\n\t\t“Nucleus” means the cell structure that houses the chromosomes and, thus, the genes.\n\t\t“Oocyte” means the ovum or egg.\n\t\t“Somatic cell” means a mature, diploid cell, i.e., a cell having a complete set of chromosomes.\n\t\t“Somatic cell nuclear transfer” means transferring the nucleus of a somatic cell of an existing or deceased human into an oocyte from which the chromosomes are removed or rendered inert.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":257220,"text":"As used in this chapter, unless the context clearly requires another meaning:\n\t\t“Cloning” means the production of a precise genetic copy of a molecule, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), or of chromosomes.\n\t\t“Human cloning” means the creation of or attempt to create a human being by transferring the nucleus from a human cell from whatever source into an oocyte from which the nucleus has been removed.\n\t\t“Nucleus” means the cell structure that houses the chromosomes and, thus, the genes.\n\t\t“Oocyte” means the ovum or egg.\n\t\t“Somatic cell” means a mature, diploid cell, i.e., a cell having a complete set of chromosomes.\n\t\t“Somatic cell nuclear transfer” means transferring the nucleus of a somatic cell of an existing or deceased human into an oocyte from which the chromosomes are removed or rendered inert.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":15951,"edition_id":1,"name":"Human Cloning","identifier":"5.2","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12727,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 04:02:35","date_modified":"2026-06-26 04:02:35","permalink":{"id":203505,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15951,"identifier":"5.2","token":"32.1\/5.2","url":"\/32.1\/5.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12727,"edition_id":1,"name":"Health","identifier":"32.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":201099,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12727,"identifier":"32.1","token":"32.1","url":"\/32.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":71344,"structure_id":15951,"section_number":"32.1-162.21","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/32.1-162.21\/","token":"32.1\/5.2\/32.1-162.21","metadata":false},{"id":62091,"structure_id":15951,"section_number":"32.1-162.22","catch_line":"Human cloning prohibited; civil penalty","url":"\/32.1-162.22\/","token":"32.1\/5.2\/32.1-162.22","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":62091,"structure_id":15951,"section_number":"32.1-162.22","catch_line":"Human cloning prohibited; civil penalty","url":"\/32.1-162.22\/","token":"32.1\/5.2\/32.1-162.22","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/32.1-162.21\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2001. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 868<\/a> and 870<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":[{"id":84228,"section_number":"58.1-3506","catch_line":"Other classifications of tangible personal property for taxation","order_by":null,"url":"\/58.1-3506\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":203507,"object_type":"law","relational_id":71344,"identifier":"32.1-162.21","token":"32.1\/5.2\/32.1-162.21","url":"\/32.1-162.21\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/32.1-162.21\/","token":"32.1\/5.2\/32.1-162.21","dublin_core":{"Title":"Definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 32.1-162.21","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

As used in this chapter, unless the context clearly requires another meaning:\n\t\t“Cloning” means the production of a precise genetic copy of a molecule, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), or of chromosomes.\n\t\t“Human cloning<\/span>” means the creation of or attempt to create a human being by transferring the nucleus<\/span> from a human cell from whatever source into an oocyte<\/span> from which the nucleus<\/span> has been removed.\n\t\t“Nucleus<\/span>” means the cell structure that houses the chromosomes and, thus, the genes.\n\t\t“Oocyte<\/span>” means the ovum or egg.\n\t\t“Somatic cell” means a mature, diploid cell, i.e., a cell having a complete set of chromosomes.\n\t\t“Somatic cell nuclear transfer<\/span>” means transferring the nucleus<\/span> of a somatic cell of an existing or deceased human into an oocyte<\/span> from which the chromosomes are removed or rendered inert.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFINITIONS (\u00a7 32.1-162.21)\n\nAs used in this chapter, unless the context clearly requires another meaning:\n\t\t“Cloning” means the production of a precise genetic copy of a\nmolecule, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), or of chromosomes.\n\t\t“Human cloning” means the creation of or attempt to create a human\nbeing by transferring the nucleus from a human cell from whatever source into an\noocyte from which the nucleus has been removed.\n\t\t“Nucleus” means the cell structure that houses the chromosomes\nand, thus, the genes.\n\t\t“Oocyte” means the ovum or egg.\n\t\t“Somatic cell” means a mature, diploid cell, i.e., a cell having a\ncomplete set of chromosomes.\n\t\t“Somatic cell nuclear transfer” means transferring the nucleus of\na somatic cell of an existing or deceased human into an oocyte from which the\nchromosomes are removed or rendered inert.\n\nHISTORY: 2001, cc. 868, 870.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}