{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/32.1-162.22.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/32.1-162.22.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/32.1-162.22.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/32.1-162.22.html"}],"law_id":62091,"edition_id":1,"section_id":62091,"structure_id":15951,"section_number":"32.1-162.22","catch_line":"Human cloning prohibited; civil penalty","history":"2001, cc. 868, 870.","full_text":"A\n\nNo person shall (i) perform human cloning or (ii) implant or attempt to implant the product of somatic cell nuclear transfer into a uterine environment so as to initiate a pregnancy or (iii) possess the product of human cloning or (iv) ship or receive the product of a somatic cell nuclear transfer in commerce for the purpose of implanting the product of somatic cell nuclear transfer into a uterine environment so as to initiate a pregnancy.B\n\nThis section shall not be construed to restrict biomedical and agricultural research or practices unless expressly prohibited herein, including research or practices that involve the use of (i) somatic cell nuclear transfer or other cloning technologies to clone molecules, including DNA, cells, or tissues; (ii) gene therapy; or (iii) somatic cell nuclear transfer techniques to create animals other than humans.C\n\nIn addition to any other penalty provided by law, any person violating the provisions of this section shall be liable for a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed $50,000 for each incident.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":226570,"text":"No person shall (i) perform human cloning or (ii) implant or attempt to implant the product of somatic cell nuclear transfer into a uterine environment so as to initiate a pregnancy or (iii) possess the product of human cloning or (iv) ship or receive the product of a somatic cell nuclear transfer in commerce for the purpose of implanting the product of somatic cell nuclear transfer into a uterine environment so as to initiate a pregnancy.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":226571,"text":"This section shall not be construed to restrict biomedical and agricultural research or practices unless expressly prohibited herein, including research or practices that involve the use of (i) somatic cell nuclear transfer or other cloning technologies to clone molecules, including DNA, cells, or tissues; (ii) gene therapy; or (iii) somatic cell nuclear transfer techniques to create animals other than humans.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":226572,"text":"In addition to any other penalty provided by law, any person violating the provisions of this section shall be liable for a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed $50,000 for each incident.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15951,"edition_id":1,"name":"Human Cloning","identifier":"5.2","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12727,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 04:02:35","date_modified":"2026-06-26 04:02:35","permalink":{"id":203505,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15951,"identifier":"5.2","token":"32.1\/5.2","url":"\/32.1\/5.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12727,"edition_id":1,"name":"Health","identifier":"32.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":201099,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12727,"identifier":"32.1","token":"32.1","url":"\/32.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":71344,"structure_id":15951,"section_number":"32.1-162.21","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/32.1-162.21\/","token":"32.1\/5.2\/32.1-162.21","metadata":false},{"id":62091,"structure_id":15951,"section_number":"32.1-162.22","catch_line":"Human cloning prohibited; civil penalty","url":"\/32.1-162.22\/","token":"32.1\/5.2\/32.1-162.22","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":71344,"structure_id":15951,"section_number":"32.1-162.21","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/32.1-162.21\/","token":"32.1\/5.2\/32.1-162.21","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/32.1-162.22\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2001. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 868<\/a> and 870<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":203511,"object_type":"law","relational_id":62091,"identifier":"32.1-162.22","token":"32.1\/5.2\/32.1-162.22","url":"\/32.1-162.22\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/32.1-162.22\/","token":"32.1\/5.2\/32.1-162.22","dublin_core":{"Title":"Human cloning prohibited; civil penalty","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 32.1-162.22","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> No person<\/span> shall (i) perform human cloning<\/span> or (ii) implant or attempt to implant the product of somatic cell nuclear transfer<\/span> into a uterine environment so as to initiate a pregnancy or (iii) possess the product of human cloning<\/span> or (iv) ship or receive the product of a somatic cell nuclear transfer<\/span> in commerce for the purpose of implanting the product of somatic cell nuclear transfer<\/span> into a uterine environment so as to initiate a pregnancy. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> This section shall not be construed to restrict biomedical and agricultural research or practices unless expressly prohibited herein, including research or practices that involve the use of (i) somatic cell nuclear transfer<\/span> or other cloning technologies to clone molecules, including DNA, cells, or tissues; (ii) gene therapy; or (iii) somatic cell nuclear transfer<\/span> techniques to create animals other than humans. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> In addition to any other penalty<\/span> provided by law<\/span>, any person<\/span> violating the provisions of this section shall be liable for a civil penalty<\/span> in an amount not to exceed $50,000 for each incident. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nHUMAN CLONING PROHIBITED; CIVIL PENALTY (\u00a7 32.1-162.22)\n\nA. No person shall (i) perform human cloning or (ii) implant or attempt to\nimplant the product of somatic cell nuclear transfer into a uterine environment\nso as to initiate a pregnancy or (iii) possess the product of human cloning or\n(iv) ship or receive the product of a somatic cell nuclear transfer in commerce\nfor the purpose of implanting the product of somatic cell nuclear transfer into\na uterine environment so as to initiate a pregnancy.\n\nB. This section shall not be construed to restrict biomedical and agricultural\nresearch or practices unless expressly prohibited herein, including research or\npractices that involve the use of (i) somatic cell nuclear transfer or other\ncloning technologies to clone molecules, including DNA, cells, or tissues; (ii)\ngene therapy; or (iii) somatic cell nuclear transfer techniques to create\nanimals other than humans.\n\nC. In addition to any other penalty provided by law, any person violating the\nprovisions of this section shall be liable for a civil penalty in an amount not\nto exceed $50,000 for each incident.\n\nHISTORY: 2001, cc. 868, 870.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}