{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/32.1-163.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/32.1-163.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/32.1-163.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/32.1-163.1.html"}],"law_id":54177,"edition_id":1,"section_id":54177,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-163.1","catch_line":"Personal liability of sanitarians defined","history":"1986, c. 331; 1994, c. 747; 2016, c. 90.","full_text":"A sanitarian while acting within the scope of his employment in approving or denying applications for permits for onsite sewage disposal systems or while performing checks of or reviewing and approving field evaluations completed by licensed onsite soil evaluators shall be subject to personal liability only for his gross negligence or intentional misconduct.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":198843,"text":"A sanitarian while acting within the scope of his employment in approving or denying applications for permits for onsite sewage disposal systems or while performing checks of or reviewing and approving field evaluations completed by licensed onsite soil evaluators shall be subject to personal liability only for his gross negligence or intentional misconduct.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":13156,"edition_id":1,"name":"Sewage Disposal","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12941,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:22","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:22","permalink":{"id":203565,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13156,"identifier":"1","token":"32.1\/6\/1","url":"\/32.1\/6\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12941,"edition_id":1,"name":"Environmental Health Services","identifier":"6","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12727,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:03","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:03","permalink":{"id":203563,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12941,"identifier":"6","token":"32.1\/6","url":"\/32.1\/6\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12727,"edition_id":1,"name":"Health","identifier":"32.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":201099,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12727,"identifier":"32.1","token":"32.1","url":"\/32.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":64577,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-163","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/32.1-163\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-163","metadata":false},{"id":54177,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-163.1","catch_line":"Personal liability of sanitarians defined","url":"\/32.1-163.1\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-163.1","metadata":false},{"id":71587,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-163.2","catch_line":"Long range plan for onsite sewage","url":"\/32.1-163.2\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-163.2","metadata":false},{"id":58627,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-163.3","catch_line":"Identities of persons making certain reports to remain confidential","url":"\/32.1-163.3\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-163.3","metadata":false},{"id":75697,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-163.4","catch_line":"Procedures for application backlogs; individuals approved to conduct evaluations for septic system or other onsite sewage system permit applications","url":"\/32.1-163.4\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-163.4","metadata":false},{"id":65435,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-163.5","catch_line":"Onsite sewage evaluations","url":"\/32.1-163.5\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-163.5","metadata":false},{"id":83571,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-163.6","catch_line":"Professional engineering of onsite treatment works","url":"\/32.1-163.6\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-163.6","metadata":false},{"id":66759,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-164","catch_line":"Powers and duties of Board; regulations; fees; onsite soil evaluators; letters in lieu of permits; inspections; civil penalties","url":"\/32.1-164\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-164","metadata":false},{"id":74693,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-164.1","catch_line":"Appeals from denials of septic tank permits; inspections","url":"\/32.1-164.1\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-164.1","metadata":false},{"id":58954,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-164.10","catch_line":"Alternative onsite sewage system general approval process","url":"\/32.1-164.10\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-164.10","metadata":false},{"id":81724,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-164.1:01","catch_line":"Onsite Sewage Indemnification Fund","url":"\/32.1-164.1_01\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-164.1_01","metadata":false},{"id":69017,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-164.1:1","catch_line":"Validity of certain septic tank permits","url":"\/32.1-164.1_1\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-164.1_1","metadata":false},{"id":82687,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-164.1:2","catch_line":"Eligibility for betterment loans to repair or replace failing onsite sewage systems","url":"\/32.1-164.1_2\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-164.1_2","metadata":false},{"id":63246,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-164.1:3","catch_line":"Permits for voluntary system upgrades","url":"\/32.1-164.1_3\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-164.1_3","metadata":false},{"id":75897,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-164.2","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/32.1-164.2\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-164.2","metadata":false},{"id":77141,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-164.8","catch_line":"Onsite Operation and Maintenance Fund established","url":"\/32.1-164.8\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-164.8","metadata":false},{"id":54654,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-164.9","catch_line":"Regulations for chamber and bundled expanded polystyrene effluent distribution systems for onsite sewage systems","url":"\/32.1-164.9\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-164.9","metadata":false},{"id":86519,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-165","catch_line":"Prior approval required before issuance of building permit; approved sewage system or nonconforming system","url":"\/32.1-165\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-165","metadata":false},{"id":64941,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-166","catch_line":"Agreements with federal agencies","url":"\/32.1-166\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-166","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":64577,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-163","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/32.1-163\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-163","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":71587,"structure_id":13156,"section_number":"32.1-163.2","catch_line":"Long range plan for onsite sewage","url":"\/32.1-163.2\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-163.2","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/32.1-163.1\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1986. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 331 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1986 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1994, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?941+ful+CHAP0747\">747<\/a>; in 2016, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?161+ful+CHAP0090\">90<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":203571,"object_type":"law","relational_id":54177,"identifier":"32.1-163.1","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-163.1","url":"\/32.1-163.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/32.1-163.1\/","token":"32.1\/6\/1\/32.1-163.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Personal liability of sanitarians defined","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 32.1-163.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>A sanitarian while acting within the scope of his employment in approving or denying applications for permits for onsite <span class=\"dictionary\">sewage<\/span> disposal systems or while performing checks of or reviewing and approving field evaluations completed by <span class=\"dictionary\">licensed onsite soil evaluators<\/span> shall be subject to personal liability only for his gross <span class=\"dictionary\">negligence<\/span> or intentional misconduct.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPERSONAL LIABILITY OF SANITARIANS DEFINED (\u00a7 32.1-163.1)\n\nA sanitarian while acting within the scope of his employment in approving or\ndenying applications for permits for onsite sewage disposal systems or while\nperforming checks of or reviewing and approving field evaluations completed by\nlicensed onsite soil evaluators shall be subject to personal liability only for\nhis gross negligence or intentional misconduct.\n\nHISTORY: 1986, c. 331; 1994, c. 747; 2016, c. 90.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}