{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/32.1-169.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/32.1-169.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/32.1-169.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/32.1-169.html"}],"law_id":85306,"edition_id":1,"section_id":85306,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-169","catch_line":"Supervision by Board","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 62.1-46; 1964, c. 475; 1968, c. 659; 1977, c. 7; 1979, c. 711; 1994, c. 395; 2014, c. 333; 2020, c. 1097; 2022, c. 585.","full_text":"A\n\nThe Board shall have general supervision and control over all water supplies and waterworks in the Commonwealth insofar as the bacteriological, chemical, radiological, and physical quality of waters furnished for human consumption may affect the public health and welfare and may require that all water supplies be pure water. In exercising such supervision and control, the Board shall recognize the relationship between an owner’s financial, technical, managerial, and operational capabilities and his capacity to comply with state and federal drinking water standards.B\n\nThe Board shall adopt regulations establishing maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) in all water supplies and waterworks in the Commonwealth for (i) perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate, and for such other perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances as the Board deems necessary; (ii) chromium-6; and (iii) 1,4-dioxane. Each MCL shall be protective of public health, including of vulnerable subpopulations, including pregnant and nursing mothers, infants, children, and the elderly, and shall not exceed any MCL or health advisory for the same contaminant adopted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In establishing such MCLs, the Board shall review the recommendations of any work group convened by the Commissioner after July 1, 2022, to study the occurrence of such contaminants in public drinking water, MCLs adopted by other states, studies and scientific evidence reviewed by such states, material in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry of the U.S. Department of Health, and current peer-reviewed scientific studies produced independently or by government agencies.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":305655,"text":"The Board shall have general supervision and control over all water supplies and waterworks in the Commonwealth insofar as the bacteriological, chemical, radiological, and physical quality of waters furnished for human consumption may affect the public health and welfare and may require that all water supplies be pure water. In exercising such supervision and control, the Board shall recognize the relationship between an owner’s financial, technical, managerial, and operational capabilities and his capacity to comply with state and federal drinking water standards.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":305656,"text":"The Board shall adopt regulations establishing maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) in all water supplies and waterworks in the Commonwealth for (i) perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate, and for such other perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances as the Board deems necessary; (ii) chromium-6; and (iii) 1,4-dioxane. Each MCL shall be protective of public health, including of vulnerable subpopulations, including pregnant and nursing mothers, infants, children, and the elderly, and shall not exceed any MCL or health advisory for the same contaminant adopted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In establishing such MCLs, the Board shall review the recommendations of any work group convened by the Commissioner after July 1, 2022, to study the occurrence of such contaminants in public drinking water, MCLs adopted by other states, studies and scientific evidence reviewed by such states, material in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry of the U.S. Department of Health, and current peer-reviewed scientific studies produced independently or by government agencies.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13459,"edition_id":1,"name":"Public Water Supplies","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12941,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:56","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:56","permalink":{"id":203723,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13459,"identifier":"2","token":"32.1\/6\/2","url":"\/32.1\/6\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12941,"edition_id":1,"name":"Environmental Health Services","identifier":"6","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12727,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:03","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:03","permalink":{"id":203563,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12941,"identifier":"6","token":"32.1\/6","url":"\/32.1\/6\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12727,"edition_id":1,"name":"Health","identifier":"32.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":201099,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12727,"identifier":"32.1","token":"32.1","url":"\/32.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":62333,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-167","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/32.1-167\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-167","metadata":false},{"id":77424,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-168","catch_line":"Exemptions","url":"\/32.1-168\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-168","metadata":false},{"id":85306,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-169","catch_line":"Supervision by Board","url":"\/32.1-169\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-169","metadata":false},{"id":54899,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-170","catch_line":"Regulations","url":"\/32.1-170\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-170","metadata":false},{"id":83159,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-171","catch_line":"Technical assistance as to sources and purity","url":"\/32.1-171\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-171","metadata":false},{"id":54587,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-171.1","catch_line":"Waterworks operation fee required; special fund established; certain technical assistance program to be provided","url":"\/32.1-171.1\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-171.1","metadata":false},{"id":61017,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-171.2","catch_line":"Water Supply Assistance Grant Fund established","url":"\/32.1-171.2\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-171.2","metadata":false},{"id":75939,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-172","catch_line":"Permit required","url":"\/32.1-172\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-172","metadata":false},{"id":87258,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-172.1","catch_line":"Attendance by licensed operator","url":"\/32.1-172.1\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-172.1","metadata":false},{"id":67810,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-173","catch_line":"Additional or amended permits","url":"\/32.1-173\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-173","metadata":false},{"id":67186,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-173.1","catch_line":"Increase in charges to finance required changes","url":"\/32.1-173.1\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-173.1","metadata":false},{"id":78227,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-174","catch_line":"Revocation of permits","url":"\/32.1-174\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-174","metadata":false},{"id":69802,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-174.1","catch_line":"Bonds of permit holders","url":"\/32.1-174.1\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-174.1","metadata":false},{"id":73704,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-174.2","catch_line":"Duties of electric utilities","url":"\/32.1-174.2\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-174.2","metadata":false},{"id":79341,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-174.3","catch_line":"Appointment of receiver for certain private waterworks; grounds for such appointment; petition and hearing, etc","url":"\/32.1-174.3\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-174.3","metadata":false},{"id":66911,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-174.4","catch_line":"Identification and elimination of chronically noncompliant waterworks","url":"\/32.1-174.4\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-174.4","metadata":false},{"id":87011,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-174.5","catch_line":"Mandatory reporting of contaminant releases and equipment failures and malfunctions","url":"\/32.1-174.5\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-174.5","metadata":false},{"id":86295,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-175","catch_line":"Emergency orders; appeal","url":"\/32.1-175\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-175","metadata":false},{"id":63724,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-175.01","catch_line":"Issuance of special orders","url":"\/32.1-175.01\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-175.01","metadata":false},{"id":79723,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-175.1","catch_line":"Notice to local government","url":"\/32.1-175.1\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-175.1","metadata":false},{"id":54420,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-176","catch_line":"Penalty","url":"\/32.1-176\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-176","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":77424,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-168","catch_line":"Exemptions","url":"\/32.1-168\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-168","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":54899,"structure_id":13459,"section_number":"32.1-170","catch_line":"Regulations","url":"\/32.1-170\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-170","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/32.1-169\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 8 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1964, chapter 475; in 1968, chapter 659; in 1977, chapter 7; in 1979, chapter 711; in 1994, chapter 395<\/a>; in 2014, chapter 333<\/a>; in 2020, chapter 1097<\/a>; in 2022, chapter 585<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":203733,"object_type":"law","relational_id":85306,"identifier":"32.1-169","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-169","url":"\/32.1-169\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/32.1-169\/","token":"32.1\/6\/2\/32.1-169","dublin_core":{"Title":"Supervision by Board","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 32.1-169","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> The Board<\/span> shall have general supervision and control over all water supplies and waterworks<\/span> in the Commonwealth insofar as the bacteriological, chemical, radiological, and physical quality of waters furnished for human consumption<\/span> may affect the public health and welfare and may require that all water supplies be pure water<\/span>. In exercising such supervision and control, the Board<\/span> shall recognize the relationship between an owner<\/span>’s financial, technical, managerial, and operational capabilities and his capacity to comply with state and federal drinking water standards. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> The Board<\/span> shall adopt regulations establishing maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) in all water supplies and waterworks<\/span> in the Commonwealth for (i) perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate, and for such other perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances as the Board<\/span> deems necessary; (ii) chromium-6; and (iii) 1,4-dioxane. Each MCL shall be protective of public health, including of vulnerable subpopulations, including pregnant and nursing mothers, infants, children, and the elderly, and shall not exceed any MCL or health advisory for the same contaminant adopted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In establishing such MCLs, the Board<\/span> shall review the recommendations of any work group convened by the Commissioner<\/span> after July 1, 2022, to study the occurrence of such contaminants in public drinking water, MCLs adopted by other states, studies and scientific evidence<\/span> reviewed by such states, material<\/span> in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry of the U.S. Department<\/span> of Health, and current peer-reviewed scientific studies produced independently or by government agencies. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nSUPERVISION BY BOARD (\u00a7 32.1-169)\n\nA. The Board shall have general supervision and control over all water supplies\nand waterworks in the Commonwealth insofar as the bacteriological, chemical,\nradiological, and physical quality of waters furnished for human consumption may\naffect the public health and welfare and may require that all water supplies be\npure water. In exercising such supervision and control, the Board shall\nrecognize the relationship between an owner’s financial, technical,\nmanagerial, and operational capabilities and his capacity to comply with state\nand federal drinking water standards.\n\nB. The Board shall adopt regulations establishing maximum contaminant levels\n(MCLs) in all water supplies and waterworks in the Commonwealth for (i)\nperfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate, and for such other\nperfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances as the Board deems necessary; (ii)\nchromium-6; and (iii) 1,4-dioxane. Each MCL shall be protective of public\nhealth, including of vulnerable subpopulations, including pregnant and nursing\nmothers, infants, children, and the elderly, and shall not exceed any MCL or\nhealth advisory for the same contaminant adopted by the U.S. Environmental\nProtection Agency. In establishing such MCLs, the Board shall review the\nrecommendations of any work group convened by the Commissioner after July 1,\n2022, to study the occurrence of such contaminants in public drinking water,\nMCLs adopted by other states, studies and scientific evidence reviewed by such\nstates, material in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry of the\nU.S. Department of Health, and current peer-reviewed scientific studies produced\nindependently or by government agencies.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 62.1-46; 1964, c. 475; 1968, c. 659; 1977, c. 7; 1979, c.\n711; 1994, c. 395; 2014, c. 333; 2020, c. 1097; 2022, c. 585.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}