{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/32.1-227.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/32.1-227.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/32.1-227.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/32.1-227.html"}],"law_id":68889,"edition_id":1,"section_id":68889,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-227","catch_line":"Definitions","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 32-414.3; 1964, c. 158; 1975, c. 563; 1979, c. 711; 2008, cc. 41, 466.","full_text":"As used in this article unless the context requires a different meaning:\n\n1\n\n“By-product material” means:\n\t\t\ta. Any radioactive material, except special nuclear material, yielded in or made radioactive by exposure to the radiation incident to the process of producing or utilizing special nuclear material;\n\t\t\tb. The tailings or wastes produced by the extraction or concentration of uranium or thorium from any ore processed primarily of its source material content;\n\t\t\tc. Any discrete source of radium-226 that is produced, extracted, or converted after extraction for use for a commercial, medical, or research activity;\n\t\t\td. Any material that has been made radioactive by use of a particle accelerator and is produced, extracted, or converted after extraction for use for a commercial, medical, or research activity; and\n\t\t\te. Any discrete source of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM), other than source material that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the head of any other appropriate federal agency, determines would pose a threat similar to the threat posed by a discrete source of radium-226 to the public health and safety or the common defense and security, that is extracted, or converted after extraction, for use for a commercial, medical, or research activity.2\n\n“General license” means a license effective under regulations promulgated by the Board without the filing of an application with the Department or the issuance of licensing documents to particular persons to transfer, acquire, own, possess, or use quantities of, or devices or equipment utilizing, radioactive material.3\n\n“Ionizing radiation” means gamma rays and X-rays, alpha and beta particles, high-speed electrons, neutrons, protons, and other nuclear particles.4\n\n“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, firm, association, trust, estate, public or private institution, group, department of the Commonwealth other than the Department of Health, political subdivision of the Commonwealth, any other state or political subdivision or department thereof, and any legal successor, representative, agent, or department of the foregoing, but not including federal government agencies.5\n\n“Radiation emergency” means any situation, excluding events resulting from nuclear warfare, which involves the possibility of accidental release of ionizing radiation that may pose a threat to the safety and health of any citizen of this Commonwealth.6\n\n“Radioactive material” means any material that emits ionizing radiation spontaneously.7\n\n“Source material” means uranium or thorium, or any combination thereof, in any physical or chemical form; or ores that contain by weight one-twentieth of one percent (0.05 percent) or more of uranium, thorium, or any combination thereof. Source material does not include special nuclear material.8\n\n“Special nuclear material” means (i) plutonium, uranium 233, uranium enriched in the isotope 233 or in the isotope 235, and any other material which the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission or any successor thereto has determined to be such but does not include source material; or (ii) any material artificially enriched by any of the foregoing but not including source material.9\n\n“Specific license” means a license, issued to a named person upon application filed under the regulations promulgated pursuant to this article, to use, manufacture, produce, transfer, receive, acquire, or possess quantities of, or devices or equipment utilizing, radioactive material.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":249366,"text":"As used in this article unless the context requires a different meaning:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":249367,"text":"“By-product material” means:\n\t\t\ta. Any radioactive material, except special nuclear material, yielded in or made radioactive by exposure to the radiation incident to the process of producing or utilizing special nuclear material;\n\t\t\tb. The tailings or wastes produced by the extraction or concentration of uranium or thorium from any ore processed primarily of its source material content;\n\t\t\tc. Any discrete source of radium-226 that is produced, extracted, or converted after extraction for use for a commercial, medical, or research activity;\n\t\t\td. Any material that has been made radioactive by use of a particle accelerator and is produced, extracted, or converted after extraction for use for a commercial, medical, or research activity; and\n\t\t\te. Any discrete source of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM), other than source material that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the head of any other appropriate federal agency, determines would pose a threat similar to the threat posed by a discrete source of radium-226 to the public health and safety or the common defense and security, that is extracted, or converted after extraction, for use for a commercial, medical, or research activity.","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":249368,"text":"“General license” means a license effective under regulations promulgated by the Board without the filing of an application with the Department or the issuance of licensing documents to particular persons to transfer, acquire, own, possess, or use quantities of, or devices or equipment utilizing, radioactive material.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"3":{"id":249369,"text":"“Ionizing radiation” means gamma rays and X-rays, alpha and beta particles, high-speed electrons, neutrons, protons, and other nuclear particles.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"4":{"id":249370,"text":"“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, firm, association, trust, estate, public or private institution, group, department of the Commonwealth other than the Department of Health, political subdivision of the Commonwealth, any other state or political subdivision or department thereof, and any legal successor, representative, agent, or department of the foregoing, but not including federal government agencies.","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3","next_prefix":"5"},"5":{"id":249371,"text":"“Radiation emergency” means any situation, excluding events resulting from nuclear warfare, which involves the possibility of accidental release of ionizing radiation that may pose a threat to the safety and health of any citizen of this Commonwealth.","type":"section","prefixes":["5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"5","prefix_anchor":"5","level":1,"prior_prefix":"4","next_prefix":"6"},"6":{"id":249372,"text":"“Radioactive material” means any material that emits ionizing radiation spontaneously.","type":"section","prefixes":["6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"6","prefix_anchor":"6","level":1,"prior_prefix":"5","next_prefix":"7"},"7":{"id":249373,"text":"“Source material” means uranium or thorium, or any combination thereof, in any physical or chemical form; or ores that contain by weight one-twentieth of one percent (0.05 percent) or more of uranium, thorium, or any combination thereof. Source material does not include special nuclear material.","type":"section","prefixes":["7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"7","prefix_anchor":"7","level":1,"prior_prefix":"6","next_prefix":"8"},"8":{"id":249374,"text":"“Special nuclear material” means (i) plutonium, uranium 233, uranium enriched in the isotope 233 or in the isotope 235, and any other material which the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission or any successor thereto has determined to be such but does not include source material; or (ii) any material artificially enriched by any of the foregoing but not including source material.","type":"section","prefixes":["8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"8","prefix_anchor":"8","level":1,"prior_prefix":"7","next_prefix":"9"},"9":{"id":249375,"text":"“Specific license” means a license, issued to a named person upon application filed under the regulations promulgated pursuant to this article, to use, manufacture, produce, transfer, receive, acquire, or possess quantities of, or devices or equipment utilizing, radioactive material.","type":"section","prefixes":["9"],"prefix":"9","entire_prefix":"9","prefix_anchor":"9","level":1,"prior_prefix":"8"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15284,"edition_id":1,"name":"Radiation Control","identifier":"8","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12941,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:53:37","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:53:37","permalink":{"id":204031,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15284,"identifier":"8","token":"32.1\/6\/8","url":"\/32.1\/6\/8\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12941,"edition_id":1,"name":"Environmental Health Services","identifier":"6","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12727,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:03","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:03","permalink":{"id":203563,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12941,"identifier":"6","token":"32.1\/6","url":"\/32.1\/6\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12727,"edition_id":1,"name":"Health","identifier":"32.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":201099,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12727,"identifier":"32.1","token":"32.1","url":"\/32.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":68889,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-227","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/32.1-227\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-227","metadata":false},{"id":61054,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-228","catch_line":"Exemption","url":"\/32.1-228\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-228","metadata":false},{"id":76596,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-228.1","catch_line":"Department designated state radiation control agency; powers and duties","url":"\/32.1-228.1\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-228.1","metadata":false},{"id":70418,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-229","catch_line":"Powers and duties of the Board","url":"\/32.1-229\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-229","metadata":false},{"id":73092,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-229.01","catch_line":"Companies listed as proficient to perform radon screening, testing, or mitigation; compliance","url":"\/32.1-229.01\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-229.01","metadata":false},{"id":80826,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-229.01:1","catch_line":"Action for damages","url":"\/32.1-229.01_1\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-229.01_1","metadata":false},{"id":67464,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-229.1","catch_line":"Inspections of X-ray machines required; Radiation Inspection Reports; fees; qualification of inspectors","url":"\/32.1-229.1\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-229.1","metadata":false},{"id":83583,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-229.2","catch_line":"Costs of inspection conducted by Health Department; fees to be used to support program","url":"\/32.1-229.2\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-229.2","metadata":false},{"id":61049,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-229.3","catch_line":"Licensing of radioactive material","url":"\/32.1-229.3\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-229.3","metadata":false},{"id":79795,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-230","catch_line":"Further powers of Board","url":"\/32.1-230\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-230","metadata":false},{"id":64747,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-231","catch_line":"Bonds of licensees","url":"\/32.1-231\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-231","metadata":false},{"id":70820,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-232","catch_line":"Radioactive Material Perpetual Care Trust Fund","url":"\/32.1-232\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-232","metadata":false},{"id":62201,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-232.1","catch_line":"Special Trust Fund for Radioactive Materials Facility Licensure and Inspection created","url":"\/32.1-232.1\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-232.1","metadata":false},{"id":85611,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-233","catch_line":"Radiation Advisory Board; composition; duties generally","url":"\/32.1-233\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-233","metadata":false},{"id":79086,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-234","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/32.1-234\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-234","metadata":false},{"id":58183,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-234.1","catch_line":"Enforcement","url":"\/32.1-234.1\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-234.1","metadata":false},{"id":65815,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-235","catch_line":"Authority of Governor to enter into agreements with federal government; effect on federal licenses","url":"\/32.1-235\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-235","metadata":false},{"id":74866,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-236","catch_line":"Authority of Board to enter into agreements with federal government, other states or interstate agencies; training programs for personnel","url":"\/32.1-236\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-236","metadata":false},{"id":74214,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-237","catch_line":"Effect upon local ordinances, etc","url":"\/32.1-237\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-237","metadata":false},{"id":64082,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-238","catch_line":"Impounding sources of ionizing radiation","url":"\/32.1-238\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-238","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":61054,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-228","catch_line":"Exemption","url":"\/32.1-228\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-228","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/32.1-227\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 4 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1964, chapter 158; in 1975, chapter 563; in 1979, chapter 711; in 2008, chapters 41<\/a> and 466<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":204033,"object_type":"law","relational_id":68889,"identifier":"32.1-227","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-227","url":"\/32.1-227\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/32.1-227\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-227","dublin_core":{"Title":"Definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 32.1-227","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

As used in this article unless the context requires a different meaning:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> “By-product material” means:\n\t\t\ta. Any radioactive material<\/span>, except special nuclear material<\/span>, yielded in or made radioactive by exposure to the radiation incident to the process of producing or utilizing special nuclear material<\/span>;\n\t\t\tb. The tailings or wastes produced by the extraction or concentration of uranium or thorium from any ore processed primarily of its source material<\/span> content;\n\t\t\tc. Any discrete source of radium-226 that is produced, extracted, or converted after extraction for use for a commercial, medical, or research activity;\n\t\t\td. Any material that has been made radioactive by use of a particle accelerator and is produced, extracted, or converted after extraction for use for a commercial, medical, or research activity; and\n\t\t\te. Any discrete source of naturally occurring radioactive material<\/span> (NORM), other than source material<\/span> that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the head of any other appropriate federal agency, determines would pose a threat similar to the threat posed by a discrete source of radium-226 to the public health and safety or the common defense and security, that is extracted, or converted after extraction, for use for a commercial, medical, or research activity. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> “General license<\/span>” means a license effective under regulations promulgated by the Board<\/span> without the filing of an application with the Department<\/span> or the issuance of licensing documents to particular persons<\/span> to transfer, acquire, own, possess, or use quantities of, or devices or equipment utilizing, radioactive material<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> “Ionizing radiation<\/span>” means gamma rays and X-rays, alpha and beta particles, high-speed electrons, neutrons, protons, and other nuclear particles. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> “Person<\/span>” means any individual, corporation, partnership, firm, association, trust, estate, public or private institution, group, department<\/span> of the Commonwealth other than the Department<\/span> of Health, political subdivision of the Commonwealth, any other state or political subdivision or department<\/span> thereof, and any legal successor, representative, agent, or department<\/span> of the foregoing, but not including federal government agencies. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> “Radiation emergency<\/span>” means any situation, excluding events resulting from nuclear warfare, which involves the possibility of accidental release of ionizing radiation<\/span> that may pose a threat to the safety and health of any citizen of this Commonwealth. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> “Radioactive material<\/span>” means any material that emits ionizing radiation<\/span> spontaneously. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> “Source material<\/span>” means uranium or thorium, or any combination thereof, in any physical or chemical form; or ores that contain by weight one-twentieth of one percent (0.05 percent) or more of uranium, thorium, or any combination thereof. Source material<\/span> does not include special nuclear material<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> “Special nuclear material<\/span>” means (i) plutonium, uranium 233, uranium enriched in the isotope 233 or in the isotope 235, and any other material which the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission or any successor thereto has determined to be such but does not include source material<\/span>; or (ii) any material artificially enriched by any of the foregoing but not including source material<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

9.<\/span> “Specific license<\/span>” means a license, issued to a named person<\/span> upon application filed under the regulations promulgated pursuant to this article, to use, manufacture, produce, transfer, receive, acquire, or possess quantities of, or devices or equipment utilizing, radioactive material<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFINITIONS (\u00a7 32.1-227)\n\nAs used in this article unless the context requires a different meaning:\n\n1. “By-product material” means:\n\t\t\ta. Any radioactive material, except special nuclear material, yielded in or\nmade radioactive by exposure to the radiation incident to the process of\nproducing or utilizing special nuclear material;\n\t\t\tb. The tailings or wastes produced by the extraction or concentration of\nuranium or thorium from any ore processed primarily of its source material\ncontent;\n\t\t\tc. Any discrete source of radium-226 that is produced, extracted, or\nconverted after extraction for use for a commercial, medical, or research\nactivity;\n\t\t\td. Any material that has been made radioactive by use of a particle\naccelerator and is produced, extracted, or converted after extraction for use\nfor a commercial, medical, or research activity; and\n\t\t\te. Any discrete source of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM),\nother than source material that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), in\nconsultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the\nSecretary of Energy, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the head of any\nother appropriate federal agency, determines would pose a threat similar to the\nthreat posed by a discrete source of radium-226 to the public health and safety\nor the common defense and security, that is extracted, or converted after\nextraction, for use for a commercial, medical, or research activity.\n\n2. “General license” means a license effective under regulations\npromulgated by the Board without the filing of an application with the\nDepartment or the issuance of licensing documents to particular persons to\ntransfer, acquire, own, possess, or use quantities of, or devices or equipment\nutilizing, radioactive material.\n\n3. “Ionizing radiation” means gamma rays and X-rays, alpha and beta\nparticles, high-speed electrons, neutrons, protons, and other nuclear particles.\n\n4. “Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, firm,\nassociation, trust, estate, public or private institution, group, department of\nthe Commonwealth other than the Department of Health, political subdivision of\nthe Commonwealth, any other state or political subdivision or department\nthereof, and any legal successor, representative, agent, or department of the\nforegoing, but not including federal government agencies.\n\n5. “Radiation emergency” means any situation, excluding events\nresulting from nuclear warfare, which involves the possibility of accidental\nrelease of ionizing radiation that may pose a threat to the safety and health of\nany citizen of this Commonwealth.\n\n6. “Radioactive material” means any material that emits ionizing\nradiation spontaneously.\n\n7. “Source material” means uranium or thorium, or any combination\nthereof, in any physical or chemical form; or ores that contain by weight\none-twentieth of one percent (0.05 percent) or more of uranium, thorium, or any\ncombination thereof. Source material does not include special nuclear material.\n\n8. “Special nuclear material” means (i) plutonium, uranium 233,\nuranium enriched in the isotope 233 or in the isotope 235, and any other\nmaterial which the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission or any successor\nthereto has determined to be such but does not include source material; or (ii)\nany material artificially enriched by any of the foregoing but not including\nsource material.\n\n9. “Specific license” means a license, issued to a named person upon\napplication filed under the regulations promulgated pursuant to this article, to\nuse, manufacture, produce, transfer, receive, acquire, or possess quantities of,\nor devices or equipment utilizing, radioactive material.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 32-414.3; 1964, c. 158; 1975, c. 563; 1979, c. 711; 2008,\ncc. 41, 466.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}