{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/32.1-231.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/32.1-231.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/32.1-231.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/32.1-231.html"}],"law_id":64747,"edition_id":1,"section_id":64747,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-231","catch_line":"Bonds of licensees","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 32-414.4:1; 1976, c. 652; 1979, c. 711.","full_text":"A\n\nThe Board is authorized to require bonds of licensees. A bond shall be forfeited when the public health and safety is endangered by ionizing radiation due to the abandonment by a licensee of a licensed activity or licensed materials or due to a violation of law by a licensee. Each bond so forfeited shall be credited to a special fund on the books of the Department called the Radiation Reclamation Fund and shall be expended as necessary to restore to a safe condition the site where the licensed activity is or was conducted or the licensed materials are located.B\n\nThe Board shall adopt regulations for determining the amount of each bond based upon the potential for contamination and injury by the licensed activity or material, the cost of disposal of the licensed material and the cost of restoring the site of the licensed activity to a safe condition.C\n\nNo state, local or other governmental agency shall be required to file a bond. The Board may, by regulation, provide for the exemption of classes of licensees from bonding requirements if such classes present no significant risk to the public health and safety.D\n\nAn acceptable bond for the purposes of this section shall be a bond issued by a fidelity or surety company authorized to do business in Virginia, a personal bond secured by such collateral as the Board may require or a cash bond.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":235615,"text":"The Board is authorized to require bonds of licensees. A bond shall be forfeited when the public health and safety is endangered by ionizing radiation due to the abandonment by a licensee of a licensed activity or licensed materials or due to a violation of law by a licensee. Each bond so forfeited shall be credited to a special fund on the books of the Department called the Radiation Reclamation Fund and shall be expended as necessary to restore to a safe condition the site where the licensed activity is or was conducted or the licensed materials are located.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":235616,"text":"The Board shall adopt regulations for determining the amount of each bond based upon the potential for contamination and injury by the licensed activity or material, the cost of disposal of the licensed material and the cost of restoring the site of the licensed activity to a safe condition.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":235617,"text":"No state, local or other governmental agency shall be required to file a bond. The Board may, by regulation, provide for the exemption of classes of licensees from bonding requirements if such classes present no significant risk to the public health and safety.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":235618,"text":"An acceptable bond for the purposes of this section shall be a bond issued by a fidelity or surety company authorized to do business in Virginia, a personal bond secured by such collateral as the Board may require or a cash bond.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15284,"edition_id":1,"name":"Radiation Control","identifier":"8","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12941,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:53:37","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:53:37","permalink":{"id":204031,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15284,"identifier":"8","token":"32.1\/6\/8","url":"\/32.1\/6\/8\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12941,"edition_id":1,"name":"Environmental Health Services","identifier":"6","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12727,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:03","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:03","permalink":{"id":203563,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12941,"identifier":"6","token":"32.1\/6","url":"\/32.1\/6\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12727,"edition_id":1,"name":"Health","identifier":"32.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":201099,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12727,"identifier":"32.1","token":"32.1","url":"\/32.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":68889,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-227","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/32.1-227\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-227","metadata":false},{"id":61054,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-228","catch_line":"Exemption","url":"\/32.1-228\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-228","metadata":false},{"id":76596,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-228.1","catch_line":"Department designated state radiation control agency; powers and duties","url":"\/32.1-228.1\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-228.1","metadata":false},{"id":70418,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-229","catch_line":"Powers and duties of the Board","url":"\/32.1-229\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-229","metadata":false},{"id":73092,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-229.01","catch_line":"Companies listed as proficient to perform radon screening, testing, or mitigation; compliance","url":"\/32.1-229.01\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-229.01","metadata":false},{"id":80826,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-229.01:1","catch_line":"Action for damages","url":"\/32.1-229.01_1\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-229.01_1","metadata":false},{"id":67464,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-229.1","catch_line":"Inspections of X-ray machines required; Radiation Inspection Reports; fees; qualification of inspectors","url":"\/32.1-229.1\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-229.1","metadata":false},{"id":83583,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-229.2","catch_line":"Costs of inspection conducted by Health Department; fees to be used to support program","url":"\/32.1-229.2\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-229.2","metadata":false},{"id":61049,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-229.3","catch_line":"Licensing of radioactive material","url":"\/32.1-229.3\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-229.3","metadata":false},{"id":79795,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-230","catch_line":"Further powers of Board","url":"\/32.1-230\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-230","metadata":false},{"id":64747,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-231","catch_line":"Bonds of licensees","url":"\/32.1-231\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-231","metadata":false},{"id":70820,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-232","catch_line":"Radioactive Material Perpetual Care Trust Fund","url":"\/32.1-232\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-232","metadata":false},{"id":62201,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-232.1","catch_line":"Special Trust Fund for Radioactive Materials Facility Licensure and Inspection created","url":"\/32.1-232.1\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-232.1","metadata":false},{"id":85611,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-233","catch_line":"Radiation Advisory Board; composition; duties generally","url":"\/32.1-233\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-233","metadata":false},{"id":79086,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-234","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/32.1-234\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-234","metadata":false},{"id":58183,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-234.1","catch_line":"Enforcement","url":"\/32.1-234.1\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-234.1","metadata":false},{"id":65815,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-235","catch_line":"Authority of Governor to enter into agreements with federal government; effect on federal licenses","url":"\/32.1-235\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-235","metadata":false},{"id":74866,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-236","catch_line":"Authority of Board to enter into agreements with federal government, other states or interstate agencies; training programs for personnel","url":"\/32.1-236\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-236","metadata":false},{"id":74214,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-237","catch_line":"Effect upon local ordinances, etc","url":"\/32.1-237\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-237","metadata":false},{"id":64082,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-238","catch_line":"Impounding sources of ionizing radiation","url":"\/32.1-238\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-238","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":79795,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-230","catch_line":"Further powers of Board","url":"\/32.1-230\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-230","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":70820,"structure_id":15284,"section_number":"32.1-232","catch_line":"Radioactive Material Perpetual Care Trust Fund","url":"\/32.1-232\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-232","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/32.1-231\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1976, chapter 652; in 1979, chapter 711.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":204073,"object_type":"law","relational_id":64747,"identifier":"32.1-231","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-231","url":"\/32.1-231\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/32.1-231\/","token":"32.1\/6\/8\/32.1-231","dublin_core":{"Title":"Bonds of licensees","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 32.1-231","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> The Board<\/span> is authorized to require bonds<\/span> of licensees. A bond<\/span> shall be forfeited when the public health and safety is endangered by ionizing radiation<\/span> due to the abandonment by a licensee of a licensed activity or licensed materials<\/span> or due to a violation of law<\/span> by a licensee. Each bond<\/span> so forfeited shall be credited to a special fund on the books of the Department<\/span> called the Radiation Reclamation Fund and shall be expended as necessary to restore to a safe condition the site where the licensed activity is or was conducted or the licensed materials<\/span> are located. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> The Board<\/span> shall adopt regulations for determining the amount of each bond<\/span> based upon the potential for contamination and injury by the licensed activity or material<\/span>, the cost of disposal of the licensed material<\/span> and the cost of restoring the site of the licensed activity to a safe condition. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> No state, local or other governmental agency shall be required to file a bond<\/span>. The Board<\/span> may, by regulation, provide for the exemption of classes of licensees from bonding requirements if such classes present no significant risk to the public health and safety. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> An acceptable bond<\/span> for the purposes of this section shall be a bond<\/span> issued by a fidelity or surety<\/span> company authorized to do business in Virginia, a personal bond<\/span> secured by such collateral<\/span> as the Board<\/span> may require or a cash bond<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nBONDS OF LICENSEES (\u00a7 32.1-231)\n\nA. The Board is authorized to require bonds of licensees. A bond shall be\nforfeited when the public health and safety is endangered by ionizing radiation\ndue to the abandonment by a licensee of a licensed activity or licensed\nmaterials or due to a violation of law by a licensee. Each bond so forfeited\nshall be credited to a special fund on the books of the Department called the\nRadiation Reclamation Fund and shall be expended as necessary to restore to a\nsafe condition the site where the licensed activity is or was conducted or the\nlicensed materials are located.\n\nB. The Board shall adopt regulations for determining the amount of each bond\nbased upon the potential for contamination and injury by the licensed activity\nor material, the cost of disposal of the licensed material and the cost of\nrestoring the site of the licensed activity to a safe condition.\n\nC. No state, local or other governmental agency shall be required to file a\nbond. The Board may, by regulation, provide for the exemption of classes of\nlicensees from bonding requirements if such classes present no significant risk\nto the public health and safety.\n\nD. An acceptable bond for the purposes of this section shall be a bond issued by\na fidelity or surety company authorized to do business in Virginia, a personal\nbond secured by such collateral as the Board may require or a cash bond.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 32-414.4:1; 1976, c. 652; 1979, c. 711.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}