{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/32.1-291.7.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/32.1-291.7.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/32.1-291.7.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/32.1-291.7.html"}],"law_id":82942,"edition_id":1,"section_id":82942,"structure_id":13613,"section_number":"32.1-291.7","catch_line":"Refusal to make anatomical gift; effect of refusal","history":"2007, cc. 92, 907.","full_text":"A\n\nAn individual may refuse to make an anatomical gift of the individual’s body or part by:1\n\nA record signed by:\n\t\t\t\ta. The individual; or\n\t\t\t\tb. Subject to subsection B, another individual acting at the direction of the individual if the individual is physically unable to sign;2\n\nThe individual’s will, whether or not the will is admitted to probate or invalidated after the individual’s death; or3\n\nAny form of communication made by the individual during the individual’s terminal illness or injury addressed to at least two adults, at least one of whom is a disinterested witness.B\n\nA record signed pursuant to subdivision A 1 b shall:1\n\nBe witnessed by at least two adults, at least one of whom is a disinterested witness, who have signed at the request of the individual; and2\n\nState that it has been signed and witnessed as provided in subdivision 1.C\n\nAn individual who has made a refusal may amend or revoke the refusal:1\n\nIn the manner provided in subsection A for making a refusal;2\n\nBy subsequently making an anatomical gift pursuant to § 32.1-291.5 that is inconsistent with the refusal; or3\n\nBy destroying or canceling the record evidencing the refusal, or the portion of the record used to make the refusal, with the intent to revoke the refusal.D\n\nExcept as otherwise provided in subsection H of § 32.1-291.8, in the absence of an express, contrary indication by the individual set forth in the refusal, an individual’s unrevoked refusal to make an anatomical gift of the individual’s body or part bars all other persons from making an anatomical gift of the individual’s body or part.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":297267,"text":"An individual may refuse to make an anatomical gift of the individual’s body or part by:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":297268,"text":"A record signed by:\n\t\t\t\ta. The individual; or\n\t\t\t\tb. Subject to subsection B, another individual acting at the direction of the individual if the individual is physically unable to sign;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":297269,"text":"The individual’s will, whether or not the will is admitted to probate or invalidated after the individual’s death; or","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":297270,"text":"Any form of communication made by the individual during the individual’s terminal illness or injury addressed to at least two adults, at least one of whom is a disinterested witness.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"B"},"4":{"id":297271,"text":"A record signed pursuant to subdivision A 1 b shall:","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"B1"},"5":{"id":297272,"text":"Be witnessed by at least two adults, at least one of whom is a disinterested witness, who have signed at the request of the individual; and","type":"section","prefixes":["B","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"B1","prefix_anchor":"B1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"B2"},"6":{"id":297273,"text":"State that it has been signed and witnessed as provided in subdivision 1.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"B2","prefix_anchor":"B2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B1","next_prefix":"C"},"7":{"id":297274,"text":"An individual who has made a refusal may amend or revoke the refusal:","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B2","next_prefix":"C1"},"8":{"id":297275,"text":"In the manner provided in subsection A for making a refusal;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"C1","prefix_anchor":"C1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"C2"},"9":{"id":297276,"text":"By subsequently making an anatomical gift pursuant to § 32.1-291.5 that is inconsistent with the refusal; or","type":"section","prefixes":["C","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"C2","prefix_anchor":"C2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C1","next_prefix":"C3"},"10":{"id":297277,"text":"By destroying or canceling the record evidencing the refusal, or the portion of the record used to make the refusal, with the intent to revoke the refusal.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"C3","prefix_anchor":"C3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C2","next_prefix":"D"},"11":{"id":297278,"text":"Except as otherwise provided in subsection H of § 32.1-291.8, in the absence of an express, contrary indication by the individual set forth in the refusal, an individual’s unrevoked refusal to make an anatomical gift of the individual’s body or part bars all other persons from making an anatomical gift of the individual’s body or part.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13613,"edition_id":1,"name":"Anatomical Gifts","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13612,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:23","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:23","permalink":{"id":204475,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13613,"identifier":"2","token":"32.1\/8\/2","url":"\/32.1\/8\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13612,"edition_id":1,"name":"Postmortem Examinations and Services","identifier":"8","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12727,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:23","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:23","permalink":{"id":204383,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13612,"identifier":"8","token":"32.1\/8","url":"\/32.1\/8\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12727,"edition_id":1,"name":"Health","identifier":"32.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":201099,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12727,"identifier":"32.1","token":"32.1","url":"\/32.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":58532,"structure_id":13613,"section_number":"32.1-289","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/32.1-289\/","token":"32.1\/8\/2\/32.1-289","metadata":false},{"id":69229,"structure_id":13613,"section_number":"32.1-289.1","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/32.1-289.1\/","token":"32.1\/8\/2\/32.1-289.1","metadata":false},{"id":71547,"structure_id":13613,"section_number":"32.1-289.2","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/32.1-289.2\/","token":"32.1\/8\/2\/32.1-289.2","metadata":false},{"id":56571,"structure_id":13613,"section_number":"32.1-290","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/32.1-290\/","token":"32.1\/8\/2\/32.1-290","metadata":false},{"id":76432,"structure_id":13613,"section_number":"32.1-290.1","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/32.1-290.1\/","token":"32.1\/8\/2\/32.1-290.1","metadata":false},{"id":82334,"structure_id":13613,"section_number":"32.1-291","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/32.1-291\/","token":"32.1\/8\/2\/32.1-291","metadata":false},{"id":72836,"structure_id":13613,"section_number":"32.1-291.1","catch_line":"Revised Uniform Anatomical Gift Act; 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This law was first created in 2007. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 92<\/a> and 907<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":[{"id":69568,"section_number":"32.1-291.11","catch_line":"Persons that may receive anatomical gift; purpose of anatomical gift","order_by":null,"url":"\/32.1-291.11\/"},{"id":74895,"section_number":"32.1-291.2","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/32.1-291.2\/"},{"id":70357,"section_number":"32.1-291.9","catch_line":"Who may make anatomical gift of decedent's body or part","order_by":null,"url":"\/32.1-291.9\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":83682,"section_number":"32.1-291.5","catch_line":"Manner of making anatomical gift before donor's death","order_by":null,"url":"\/32.1-291.5\/"},{"id":62874,"section_number":"32.1-291.8","catch_line":"Preclusive effect of anatomical gift, amendment, or revocation","order_by":null,"url":"\/32.1-291.8\/"}],"permalink":{"id":204589,"object_type":"law","relational_id":82942,"identifier":"32.1-291.7","token":"32.1\/8\/2\/32.1-291.7","url":"\/32.1-291.7\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/32.1-291.7\/","token":"32.1\/8\/2\/32.1-291.7","dublin_core":{"Title":"Refusal to make anatomical gift; effect of refusal","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 32.1-291.7","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> An individual may refuse to make an anatomical gift of the individual’s body or part by: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> A record signed by:\n\t\t\t\ta. The individual; or\n\t\t\t\tb. Subject to subsection B, another individual acting at the direction of the individual if the individual is physically unable to sign; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> The individual’s will, whether or not the will is admitted to probate or invalidated after the individual’s death; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Any form of communication made by the individual during the individual’s terminal illness or injury addressed to at least two adults, at least one of whom is a disinterested witness<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> A record signed pursuant to subdivision A 1 b shall: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Be witnessed by at least two adults, at least one of whom is a disinterested witness<\/span>, who have signed at the request of the individual; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> State that it has been signed and witnessed as provided in subdivision 1. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> An individual who has made a refusal may amend<\/span> or revoke the refusal: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> In the manner provided in subsection A for making a refusal; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> By subsequently making an anatomical gift pursuant to § 32.1-291.5<\/a> that is inconsistent with the refusal; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> By destroying or canceling the record evidencing the refusal, or the portion of the record used to make the refusal, with the intent<\/span> to revoke the refusal. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> Except as otherwise provided in subsection H of § 32.1-291.8<\/a>, in the absence of an express, contrary indication by the individual set forth in the refusal, an individual’s unrevoked refusal to make an anatomical gift of the individual’s body or part bars all other persons<\/span> from making an anatomical gift of the individual’s body or part. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nREFUSAL TO MAKE ANATOMICAL GIFT; EFFECT OF REFUSAL (\u00a7 32.1-291.7)\n\nA. An individual may refuse to make an anatomical gift of the individual’s\nbody or part by:\n\n 1. A record signed by:\n \t\t\t\ta. The individual; or\n \t\t\t\tb. Subject to subsection B, another individual acting at the direction of\n the individual if the individual is physically unable to sign;\n\n 2. The individual’s will, whether or not the will is admitted to probate\n or invalidated after the individual’s death; or\n\n 3. Any form of communication made by the individual during the\n individual’s terminal illness or injury addressed to at least two\n adults, at least one of whom is a disinterested witness.\n\nB. A record signed pursuant to subdivision A 1 b shall:\n\n 1. Be witnessed by at least two adults, at least one of whom is a\n disinterested witness, who have signed at the request of the individual; and\n\n 2. State that it has been signed and witnessed as provided in subdivision 1.\n\nC. An individual who has made a refusal may amend or revoke the refusal:\n\n 1. In the manner provided in subsection A for making a refusal;\n\n 2. By subsequently making an anatomical gift pursuant to § 32.1-291.5\n that is inconsistent with the refusal; or\n\n 3. By destroying or canceling the record evidencing the refusal, or the\n portion of the record used to make the refusal, with the intent to revoke the\n refusal.\n\nD. Except as otherwise provided in subsection H of § 32.1-291.8, in the\nabsence of an express, contrary indication by the individual set forth in the\nrefusal, an individual’s unrevoked refusal to make an anatomical gift of\nthe individual’s body or part bars all other persons from making an\nanatomical gift of the individual’s body or part.\n\nHISTORY: 2007, cc. 92, 907.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}