{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/37.2-1102.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/37.2-1102.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/37.2-1102.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/37.2-1102.html"}],"law_id":85041,"edition_id":1,"section_id":85041,"structure_id":15593,"section_number":"37.2-1102","catch_line":"Certain actions may not be authorized","history":"1997, c. 921, \u00a7 37.1-134.21; 1999, cc. 814, 946, 985; 2003, c. 790; 2004, cc. 66, 104, 1014; 2005, cc. 716, 751; 2012, cc. 115, 378.","full_text":"The following actions may not be authorized under this chapter:\n\n1\n\nNontherapeutic sterilization, abortion, or psychosurgery.2\n\nAdmission to a training center or a hospital. However, the court may issue an order under § 37.2-1101 authorizing treatment of a person whose admission to a training center or hospital has been or is simultaneously being authorized under § 37.2-805, 37.2-806, 37.2-807, or §§ 37.2-809 through 37.2-813, or of a person who is subject to an order of involuntary admission previously or simultaneously issued under §§ 37.2-814 through 37.2-819 or of Chapter 9 (§ 37.2-900 et seq.).3\n\nAdministration of antipsychotic medication for a period to exceed 180 days or electroconvulsive therapy for a period to exceed 60 days pursuant to any petition filed under this section. The court may authorize electroconvulsive therapy only if it is demonstrated by clear and convincing evidence, which shall include the testimony of a licensed psychiatrist, that all other reasonable forms of treatment have been considered and that electroconvulsive therapy is the most effective treatment for the person. Even if the court has authorized administration of antipsychotic medication or electroconvulsive therapy hereunder, these treatments may be administered over the person’s objection only if he is subject to an order of involuntary admission, including involuntary outpatient treatment, previously or simultaneously issued under §§ 37.2-814 through 37.2-819 or Chapter 9 (§ 37.2-900 et seq.), or the provisions of Chapter 11 (§ 19.2-167 et seq.) or Chapter 11.1 (§ 19.2-182.2 et seq.) of Title 19.2.4\n\nRestraint or transportation of the person, unless the court finds upon clear and convincing evidence that restraint or transportation is necessary to the administration of an authorized treatment for a physical disorder or for a mental disorder if the person is subject to an order of involuntary admission issued previously or simultaneously under Chapter 11 (§ 19.2-167 et seq.) or 11.1 (§ 19.2-182.2 et seq.) of Title 19.2, §§ 37.2-814 through 37.2-819, or Chapter 9 (§ 37.2-900 et seq.).","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":304804,"text":"The following actions may not be authorized under this chapter:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":304805,"text":"Nontherapeutic sterilization, abortion, or psychosurgery.","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":304806,"text":"Admission to a training center or a hospital. However, the court may issue an order under § 37.2-1101 authorizing treatment of a person whose admission to a training center or hospital has been or is simultaneously being authorized under § 37.2-805, 37.2-806, 37.2-807, or §§ 37.2-809 through 37.2-813, or of a person who is subject to an order of involuntary admission previously or simultaneously issued under §§ 37.2-814 through 37.2-819 or of Chapter 9 (§ 37.2-900 et seq.).","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"3":{"id":304807,"text":"Administration of antipsychotic medication for a period to exceed 180 days or electroconvulsive therapy for a period to exceed 60 days pursuant to any petition filed under this section. The court may authorize electroconvulsive therapy only if it is demonstrated by clear and convincing evidence, which shall include the testimony of a licensed psychiatrist, that all other reasonable forms of treatment have been considered and that electroconvulsive therapy is the most effective treatment for the person. Even if the court has authorized administration of antipsychotic medication or electroconvulsive therapy hereunder, these treatments may be administered over the person’s objection only if he is subject to an order of involuntary admission, including involuntary outpatient treatment, previously or simultaneously issued under §§ 37.2-814 through 37.2-819 or Chapter 9 (§ 37.2-900 et seq.), or the provisions of Chapter 11 (§ 19.2-167 et seq.) or Chapter 11.1 (§ 19.2-182.2 et seq.) of Title 19.2.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"4":{"id":304808,"text":"Restraint or transportation of the person, unless the court finds upon clear and convincing evidence that restraint or transportation is necessary to the administration of an authorized treatment for a physical disorder or for a mental disorder if the person is subject to an order of involuntary admission issued previously or simultaneously under Chapter 11 (§ 19.2-167 et seq.) or 11.1 (§ 19.2-182.2 et seq.) of Title 19.2, §§ 37.2-814 through 37.2-819, or Chapter 9 (§ 37.2-900 et seq.).","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15593,"edition_id":1,"name":"Judicial Authorization of Treatment","identifier":"11","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":14269,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:56:39","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:56:39","permalink":{"id":210619,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15593,"identifier":"11","token":"37.2\/IV\/11","url":"\/37.2\/IV\/11\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":14269,"edition_id":1,"name":"Guardianship, Conservatorship, and Judicial Authorization of Treatment","identifier":"IV","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12843,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:33","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:33","permalink":{"id":210605,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14269,"identifier":"IV","token":"37.2\/IV","url":"\/37.2\/IV\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12843,"edition_id":1,"name":"Behavioral Health and Developmental Services","identifier":"37.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:56","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:56","permalink":{"id":209673,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12843,"identifier":"37.2","token":"37.2","url":"\/37.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":83720,"structure_id":15593,"section_number":"37.2-1100","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/37.2-1100\/","token":"37.2\/IV\/11\/37.2-1100","metadata":false},{"id":60379,"structure_id":15593,"section_number":"37.2-1101","catch_line":"Judicial authorization of treatment","url":"\/37.2-1101\/","token":"37.2\/IV\/11\/37.2-1101","metadata":false},{"id":85041,"structure_id":15593,"section_number":"37.2-1102","catch_line":"Certain actions may not be authorized","url":"\/37.2-1102\/","token":"37.2\/IV\/11\/37.2-1102","metadata":false},{"id":77155,"structure_id":15593,"section_number":"37.2-1103","catch_line":"Emergency custody orders for adult persons who are incapable of making an informed decision as a result of physical injury or illness","url":"\/37.2-1103\/","token":"37.2\/IV\/11\/37.2-1103","metadata":false},{"id":74221,"structure_id":15593,"section_number":"37.2-1104","catch_line":"Temporary detention in hospital for testing, observation, or treatment","url":"\/37.2-1104\/","token":"37.2\/IV\/11\/37.2-1104","metadata":false},{"id":76123,"structure_id":15593,"section_number":"37.2-1105","catch_line":"Appeal from order","url":"\/37.2-1105\/","token":"37.2\/IV\/11\/37.2-1105","metadata":false},{"id":81800,"structure_id":15593,"section_number":"37.2-1106","catch_line":"When health professional or licensed hospital not liable","url":"\/37.2-1106\/","token":"37.2\/IV\/11\/37.2-1106","metadata":false},{"id":73879,"structure_id":15593,"section_number":"37.2-1107","catch_line":"Fees and expenses","url":"\/37.2-1107\/","token":"37.2\/IV\/11\/37.2-1107","metadata":false},{"id":59505,"structure_id":15593,"section_number":"37.2-1108","catch_line":"Effect of chapter on other laws","url":"\/37.2-1108\/","token":"37.2\/IV\/11\/37.2-1108","metadata":false},{"id":64055,"structure_id":15593,"section_number":"37.2-1109","catch_line":"Use of electronic communication","url":"\/37.2-1109\/","token":"37.2\/IV\/11\/37.2-1109","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":60379,"structure_id":15593,"section_number":"37.2-1101","catch_line":"Judicial authorization of treatment","url":"\/37.2-1101\/","token":"37.2\/IV\/11\/37.2-1101","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":77155,"structure_id":15593,"section_number":"37.2-1103","catch_line":"Emergency custody orders for adult persons who are incapable of making an informed decision as a result of physical injury or illness","url":"\/37.2-1103\/","token":"37.2\/IV\/11\/37.2-1103","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/37.2-1102\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1997. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 921<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 5 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1999, chapters 814<\/a>, 946<\/a>, and 985<\/a>; in 2003, chapter 790<\/a>; in 2004, chapters 66<\/a>, 104<\/a>, and 1014<\/a>; in 2005, chapters 716<\/a> and 751<\/a>; in 2012, chapters 115<\/a> and 378<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":63190,"section_number":"19.2-167","catch_line":"Accused not to be tried while insane or feebleminded","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-167\/"},{"id":66912,"section_number":"19.2-182.2","catch_line":"Verdict of acquittal by reason of insanity to state the fact; temporary custody and evaluation","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-182.2\/"},{"id":60379,"section_number":"37.2-1101","catch_line":"Judicial authorization of treatment","order_by":null,"url":"\/37.2-1101\/"},{"id":85593,"section_number":"37.2-805","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Voluntary admission","order_by":null,"url":"\/37.2-805\/"},{"id":56013,"section_number":"37.2-806","catch_line":"Judicial certification of eligibility for admission of persons with intellectual disability","order_by":null,"url":"\/37.2-806\/"},{"id":81905,"section_number":"37.2-807","catch_line":"Emergency or respite care admissions to training centers","order_by":null,"url":"\/37.2-807\/"},{"id":70156,"section_number":"37.2-809","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Involuntary temporary detention; issuance and execution of order","order_by":null,"url":"\/37.2-809\/"},{"id":69246,"section_number":"37.2-813","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Release of person prior to commitment hearing for involuntary admission","order_by":null,"url":"\/37.2-813\/"},{"id":68004,"section_number":"37.2-814","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Commitment hearing for involuntary admission; written explanation; right to counsel; rights of petitioner","order_by":null,"url":"\/37.2-814\/"},{"id":75630,"section_number":"37.2-819","catch_line":"Order of involuntary admission or mandatory outpatient treatment forwarded to CCRE; certain voluntary admissions forwarded to CCRE; firearm background check","order_by":null,"url":"\/37.2-819\/"},{"id":55224,"section_number":"37.2-900","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/37.2-900\/"}],"permalink":{"id":210629,"object_type":"law","relational_id":85041,"identifier":"37.2-1102","token":"37.2\/IV\/11\/37.2-1102","url":"\/37.2-1102\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/37.2-1102\/","token":"37.2\/IV\/11\/37.2-1102","dublin_core":{"Title":"Certain actions may not be authorized","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 37.2-1102","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

The following actions may not be authorized under this chapter:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Nontherapeutic sterilization, abortion, or psychosurgery. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Admission to a training center<\/span> or a hospital. However, the court<\/span> may issue<\/span> an order<\/span> under § 37.2-1101<\/a> authorizing treatment<\/span> of a person whose admission to a training center<\/span> or hospital has been or is simultaneously being authorized under § 37.2-805<\/a>, 37.2-806<\/a>, 37.2-807<\/a>, or §§ 37.2-809<\/a> through 37.2-813<\/a>, or of a person who is subject to an order<\/span> of involuntary admission previously or simultaneously issued under §§ 37.2-814<\/a> through 37.2-819<\/a> or of Chapter 9 (§ 37.2-900<\/a> et seq.). <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Administration of antipsychotic medication for a period to exceed 180 days or electroconvulsive therapy for a period to exceed 60 days pursuant to any petition<\/span> filed under this section. The court<\/span> may authorize electroconvulsive therapy only if it is demonstrated by clear and convincing evidence<\/span>, which shall include the testimony<\/span> of a licensed psychiatrist, that all other reasonable forms of treatment<\/span> have been considered and that electroconvulsive therapy is the most effective treatment<\/span> for the person. Even if the court<\/span> has authorized administration of antipsychotic medication or electroconvulsive therapy hereunder, these treatments<\/span> may be administered over the person’s objection only if he is subject to an order<\/span> of involuntary admission, including involuntary outpatient treatment<\/span>, previously or simultaneously issued under §§ 37.2-814<\/a> through 37.2-819<\/a> or Chapter 9 (§ 37.2-900<\/a> et seq.), or the provisions of Chapter 11 (§ 19.2-167<\/a> et seq.) or Chapter 11.1 (§ 19.2-182.2<\/a> et seq.) of Title 19.2. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Restraint or transportation of the person, unless the court<\/span> finds upon clear and convincing evidence<\/span> that restraint or transportation is necessary to the administration of an authorized treatment<\/span> for a physical disorder<\/span> or for a mental disorder<\/span> if the person is subject to an order<\/span> of involuntary admission issued previously or simultaneously under Chapter 11 (§ 19.2-167<\/a> et seq.) or 11.1 (§ 19.2-182.2<\/a> et seq.) of Title 19.2, §§ 37.2-814<\/a> through 37.2-819<\/a>, or Chapter 9 (§ 37.2-900<\/a> et seq.). <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCERTAIN ACTIONS MAY NOT BE AUTHORIZED (\u00a7 37.2-1102)\n\nThe following actions may not be authorized under this chapter:\n\n1. Nontherapeutic sterilization, abortion, or psychosurgery.\n\n2. Admission to a training center or a hospital. However, the court may issue an\norder under § 37.2-1101 authorizing treatment of a person whose admission\nto a training center or hospital has been or is simultaneously being authorized\nunder § 37.2-805, 37.2-806, 37.2-807, or §§ 37.2-809 through\n37.2-813, or of a person who is subject to an order of involuntary admission\npreviously or simultaneously issued under §§ 37.2-814 through 37.2-819\nor of Chapter 9 (§ 37.2-900 et seq.).\n\n3. Administration of antipsychotic medication for a period to exceed 180 days or\nelectroconvulsive therapy for a period to exceed 60 days pursuant to any\npetition filed under this section. The court may authorize electroconvulsive\ntherapy only if it is demonstrated by clear and convincing evidence, which shall\ninclude the testimony of a licensed psychiatrist, that all other reasonable\nforms of treatment have been considered and that electroconvulsive therapy is\nthe most effective treatment for the person. Even if the court has authorized\nadministration of antipsychotic medication or electroconvulsive therapy\nhereunder, these treatments may be administered over the person’s\nobjection only if he is subject to an order of involuntary admission, including\ninvoluntary outpatient treatment, previously or simultaneously issued under\n§§ 37.2-814 through 37.2-819 or Chapter 9 (§ 37.2-900 et seq.),\nor the provisions of Chapter 11 (§ 19.2-167 et seq.) or Chapter 11.1\n(§ 19.2-182.2 et seq.) of Title 19.2.\n\n4. Restraint or transportation of the person, unless the court finds upon clear\nand convincing evidence that restraint or transportation is necessary to the\nadministration of an authorized treatment for a physical disorder or for a\nmental disorder if the person is subject to an order of involuntary admission\nissued previously or simultaneously under Chapter 11 (§ 19.2-167 et seq.)\nor 11.1 (§ 19.2-182.2 et seq.) of Title 19.2, §§ 37.2-814 through\n37.2-819, or Chapter 9 (§ 37.2-900 et seq.).\n\nHISTORY: 1997, c. 921, \u00a7 37.1-134.21; 1999, cc. 814, 946, 985; 2003, c. 790;\n2004, cc. 66, 104, 1014; 2005, cc. 716, 751; 2012, cc. 115, 378.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}