{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/38.2-1915.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/38.2-1915.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/38.2-1915.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/38.2-1915.html"}],"law_id":77780,"edition_id":1,"section_id":77780,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1915","catch_line":"Joint underwriting or joint reinsurance organizations","history":"1973, c. 504, \u00a7 38.1-279.43; 1986, c. 562.","full_text":"A\n\nEach group, association or other organization of insurers that engages in joint underwriting or joint reinsurance for a class of insurance to which this chapter applies shall file with the Commission (i) a copy of its constitution, articles of incorporation, agreement or association, and of its bylaws, rules and regulations governing its activities, all duly certified by the custodian of the originals of the copies, (ii) a list of its members, and (iii) the name and address of a resident of this Commonwealth upon whom notices or orders of the Commission or process may be served.B\n\nEach such organization of insurers shall notify the Commission promptly of every change in the information required to be filed by subsection A of this section.C\n\nEach group, association or other organization of insurers that engages in joint underwriting for a class of insurance to which this chapter applies shall be subject to this chapter. Each such organization of insurers that engages in joint reinsurance for a class of insurance to which this chapter applies shall be subject to &#xA7;&#xA7; 38.2-1926, 38.2-1927, and 38.2-1928.D\n\nIf, after providing notice and opportunity to be heard, the Commission finds that any activity or practice of any such organization of insurers is unfair, unreasonable or otherwise inconsistent with this chapter, it shall issue a written order (i) specifying in what respect the activity or practice is unfair, unreasonable or otherwise inconsistent with this chapter, and (ii) requiring the discontinuance of the activity or practice.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":278954,"text":"Each group, association or other organization of insurers that engages in joint underwriting or joint reinsurance for a class of insurance to which this chapter applies shall file with the Commission (i) a copy of its constitution, articles of incorporation, agreement or association, and of its bylaws, rules and regulations governing its activities, all duly certified by the custodian of the originals of the copies, (ii) a list of its members, and (iii) the name and address of a resident of this Commonwealth upon whom notices or orders of the Commission or process may be served.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":278955,"text":"Each such organization of insurers shall notify the Commission promptly of every change in the information required to be filed by subsection A of this section.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":278956,"text":"Each group, association or other organization of insurers that engages in joint underwriting for a class of insurance to which this chapter applies shall be subject to this chapter. Each such organization of insurers that engages in joint reinsurance for a class of insurance to which this chapter applies shall be subject to &#xA7;&#xA7; 38.2-1926, 38.2-1927, and 38.2-1928.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":278957,"text":"If, after providing notice and opportunity to be heard, the Commission finds that any activity or practice of any such organization of insurers is unfair, unreasonable or otherwise inconsistent with this chapter, it shall issue a written order (i) specifying in what respect the activity or practice is unfair, unreasonable or otherwise inconsistent with this chapter, and (ii) requiring the discontinuance of the activity or practice.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13456,"edition_id":1,"name":"Regulation of Rates Generally","identifier":"19","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12698,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:55","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:55","permalink":{"id":212945,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13456,"identifier":"19","token":"38.2\/19","url":"\/38.2\/19\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12698,"edition_id":1,"name":"Insurance","identifier":"38.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":210661,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12698,"identifier":"38.2","token":"38.2","url":"\/38.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":66229,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1900","catch_line":"Purposes of chapter","url":"\/38.2-1900\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1900","metadata":false},{"id":57539,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1901","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/38.2-1901\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1901","metadata":false},{"id":74191,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1902","catch_line":"Scope of chapter","url":"\/38.2-1902\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1902","metadata":false},{"id":70651,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1903","catch_line":"Exemptions","url":"\/38.2-1903\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1903","metadata":false},{"id":86657,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1903.1","catch_line":"Exemptions of large commercial risks","url":"\/38.2-1903.1\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1903.1","metadata":false},{"id":68129,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1904","catch_line":"Rate standards","url":"\/38.2-1904\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1904","metadata":false},{"id":57802,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1905","catch_line":"Motor vehicle insurer not to charge points or increase premiums in certain instances","url":"\/38.2-1905\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1905","metadata":false},{"id":80697,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1905.1","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/38.2-1905.1\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1905.1","metadata":false},{"id":70804,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1906","catch_line":"Filing and use of rates","url":"\/38.2-1906\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1906","metadata":false},{"id":54809,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1906.1","catch_line":"Misquote of premium","url":"\/38.2-1906.1\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1906.1","metadata":false},{"id":67605,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1907","catch_line":"Filings open to inspection","url":"\/38.2-1907\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1907","metadata":false},{"id":61334,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1908","catch_line":"Rate making and delegation of filing obligation","url":"\/38.2-1908\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1908","metadata":false},{"id":76329,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1909","catch_line":"Review of rates by Commission","url":"\/38.2-1909\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1909","metadata":false},{"id":64325,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1910","catch_line":"Disapproval of rates","url":"\/38.2-1910\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1910","metadata":false},{"id":63878,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1911","catch_line":"Special restrictions on individual insurers","url":"\/38.2-1911\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1911","metadata":false},{"id":77322,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1912","catch_line":"Delayed effect of rates; certification of reinsurance with affiliated company","url":"\/38.2-1912\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1912","metadata":false},{"id":76016,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1912.1","catch_line":"Approval of prospective loss costs and supplementary rate information; \u00a7 38.2-119 rate filings","url":"\/38.2-1912.1\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1912.1","metadata":false},{"id":73514,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1913","catch_line":"Operation and control of rate service organizations","url":"\/38.2-1913\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1913","metadata":false},{"id":68776,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1914","catch_line":"Licensing of rate service organizations","url":"\/38.2-1914\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1914","metadata":false},{"id":77780,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1915","catch_line":"Joint underwriting or joint reinsurance organizations","url":"\/38.2-1915\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1915","metadata":false},{"id":82148,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1916","catch_line":"Certain conduct by insurers and rate service organizations prohibited","url":"\/38.2-1916\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1916","metadata":false},{"id":75759,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1916.1","catch_line":"Investigation by Attorney General of suspected violations; investigative demand to witnesses; access to business records, etc.; penalties","url":"\/38.2-1916.1\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1916.1","metadata":false},{"id":54431,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1916.2","catch_line":"Penalties; injunctive relief; restitution","url":"\/38.2-1916.2\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1916.2","metadata":false},{"id":64311,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1917","catch_line":"Injunctive relief","url":"\/38.2-1917\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1917","metadata":false},{"id":64825,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1918","catch_line":"Agreements for equitable apportionment of insurance","url":"\/38.2-1918\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1918","metadata":false},{"id":62231,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1919","catch_line":"Collection of experience data; uniformity; compilations available to insurers and rate service organizations","url":"\/38.2-1919\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1919","metadata":false},{"id":72323,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1919.1","catch_line":"Interchange of rating data and information","url":"\/38.2-1919.1\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1919.1","metadata":false},{"id":60173,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1920","catch_line":"Excess rate for a specific risk","url":"\/38.2-1920\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1920","metadata":false},{"id":81510,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1921","catch_line":"Combination policies","url":"\/38.2-1921\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1921","metadata":false},{"id":61464,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1921.1","catch_line":"Professional employer organization workers' compensation rating","url":"\/38.2-1921.1\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1921.1","metadata":false},{"id":54416,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1922","catch_line":"No rule prohibiting or regulating payment of dividends, etc., to be adopted","url":"\/38.2-1922\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1922","metadata":false},{"id":73419,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1923","catch_line":"Person aggrieved by application of rating system to be heard; appeal to Commission","url":"\/38.2-1923\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1923","metadata":false},{"id":56103,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1924","catch_line":"Cooperation among rate service organizations, or among rate service organizations and insurers, authorized; review by Commission","url":"\/38.2-1924\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1924","metadata":false},{"id":77979,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1925","catch_line":"Examination of rate service organizations and joint underwriting and joint reinsurance organizations","url":"\/38.2-1925\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1925","metadata":false},{"id":67284,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1926","catch_line":"Action of Commission upon request for hearing on order or decision made without a hearing","url":"\/38.2-1926\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1926","metadata":false},{"id":62597,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1927","catch_line":"Withholding information; giving false or misleading information","url":"\/38.2-1927\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1927","metadata":false},{"id":73884,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1928","catch_line":"Violations of chapter","url":"\/38.2-1928\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1928","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":68776,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1914","catch_line":"Licensing of rate service organizations","url":"\/38.2-1914\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1914","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":82148,"structure_id":13456,"section_number":"38.2-1916","catch_line":"Certain conduct by insurers and rate service organizations prohibited","url":"\/38.2-1916\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1916","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/38.2-1915\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1973. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 504 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1973 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 1986, chapter 562.<\/p>","references":[{"id":59918,"section_number":"38.2-100","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-100\/"},{"id":57539,"section_number":"38.2-1901","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-1901\/"},{"id":74191,"section_number":"38.2-1902","catch_line":"Scope of chapter","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-1902\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":67284,"section_number":"38.2-1926","catch_line":"Action of Commission upon request for hearing on order or decision made without a hearing","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-1926\/"},{"id":62597,"section_number":"38.2-1927","catch_line":"Withholding information; giving false or misleading information","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-1927\/"}],"permalink":{"id":213023,"object_type":"law","relational_id":77780,"identifier":"38.2-1915","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1915","url":"\/38.2-1915\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/38.2-1915\/","token":"38.2\/19\/38.2-1915","dublin_core":{"Title":"Joint underwriting or joint reinsurance organizations","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 38.2-1915","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> Each group, association or other organization of <span class=\"dictionary\">insurers<\/span> that engages in joint underwriting or joint reinsurance for a class of <span class=\"dictionary\">insurance<\/span> to which this chapter applies shall file with the <span class=\"dictionary\">Commission<\/span> (i) a copy of its constitution, articles of incorporation, agreement or association, and of its bylaws, rules and regulations governing its activities, all duly certified by the custodian of the originals of the copies, (ii) a list of its members, and (iii) the name and address of a resident of this Commonwealth upon whom notices or <span class=\"dictionary\">orders<\/span> of the <span class=\"dictionary\">Commission<\/span> or process may be served. <a id=\"paragraph-278954\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/38.2-1915\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> Each such organization of <span class=\"dictionary\">insurers<\/span> shall notify the <span class=\"dictionary\">Commission<\/span> promptly of every change in the information required to be filed by subsection A of this section. <a id=\"paragraph-278955\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/38.2-1915\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"C\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">C.<\/span> Each group, association or other organization of <span class=\"dictionary\">insurers<\/span> that engages in joint underwriting for a class of <span class=\"dictionary\">insurance<\/span> to which this chapter applies shall be subject to this chapter. Each such organization of <span class=\"dictionary\">insurers<\/span> that engages in joint reinsurance for a class of <span class=\"dictionary\">insurance<\/span> to which this chapter applies shall be subject to &#xA7;&#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Action of Commission upon request for hearing on order or decision made without a hearing\" href=\"\/38.2-1926\/\">38.2-1926<\/a>, <a class=\"law\" title=\"Withholding information; giving false or misleading information\" href=\"\/38.2-1927\/\">38.2-1927<\/a>, and <a class=\"law\" title=\"Violations of chapter\" href=\"\/38.2-1928\/\">38.2-1928<\/a>. <a id=\"paragraph-278956\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/38.2-1915\/#C\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"D\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">D.<\/span> If, after providing notice and opportunity to be heard, the <span class=\"dictionary\">Commission<\/span> finds that any activity or practice of any such organization of <span class=\"dictionary\">insurers<\/span> is unfair, unreasonable or otherwise inconsistent with this chapter, it shall <span class=\"dictionary\">issue<\/span> a written <span class=\"dictionary\">order<\/span> (i) specifying in what respect the activity or practice is unfair, unreasonable or otherwise inconsistent with this chapter, and (ii) requiring the discontinuance of the activity or practice. <a id=\"paragraph-278957\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/38.2-1915\/#D\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nJOINT UNDERWRITING OR JOINT REINSURANCE ORGANIZATIONS (\u00a7 38.2-1915)\n\nA. Each group, association or other organization of insurers that engages in\njoint underwriting or joint reinsurance for a class of insurance to which this\nchapter applies shall file with the Commission (i) a copy of its constitution,\narticles of incorporation, agreement or association, and of its bylaws, rules\nand regulations governing its activities, all duly certified by the custodian of\nthe originals of the copies, (ii) a list of its members, and (iii) the name and\naddress of a resident of this Commonwealth upon whom notices or orders of the\nCommission or process may be served.\n\nB. Each such organization of insurers shall notify the Commission promptly of\nevery change in the information required to be filed by subsection A of this\nsection.\n\nC. Each group, association or other organization of insurers that engages in\njoint underwriting for a class of insurance to which this chapter applies shall\nbe subject to this chapter. Each such organization of insurers that engages in\njoint reinsurance for a class of insurance to which this chapter applies shall\nbe subject to &#xA7;&#xA7; 38.2-1926, 38.2-1927, and 38.2-1928.\n\nD. If, after providing notice and opportunity to be heard, the Commission finds\nthat any activity or practice of any such organization of insurers is unfair,\nunreasonable or otherwise inconsistent with this chapter, it shall issue a\nwritten order (i) specifying in what respect the activity or practice is unfair,\nunreasonable or otherwise inconsistent with this chapter, and (ii) requiring the\ndiscontinuance of the activity or practice.\n\nHISTORY: 1973, c. 504, \u00a7 38.1-279.43; 1986, c. 562.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}