{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/38.2-227.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/38.2-227.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/38.2-227.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/38.2-227.html"}],"law_id":62181,"edition_id":1,"section_id":62181,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-227","catch_line":"Public policy regarding punitive damages","history":"1983, c. 353, \u00a7 38.1-42.2; 1986, c. 562.","full_text":"It is not against the public policy of the Commonwealth for any person to purchase insurance providing coverage for punitive damages arising out of the death or injury of any person as the result of negligence, including willful and wanton negligence, but excluding intentional acts. This section declares existing policy.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":226812,"text":"It is not against the public policy of the Commonwealth for any person to purchase insurance providing coverage for punitive damages arising out of the death or injury of any person as the result of negligence, including willful and wanton negligence, but excluding intentional acts. This section declares existing policy.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":14221,"edition_id":1,"name":"Provisions of a General Nature","identifier":"2","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12698,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:20","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:20","permalink":{"id":213095,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14221,"identifier":"2","token":"38.2\/2","url":"\/38.2\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12698,"edition_id":1,"name":"Insurance","identifier":"38.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":210661,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12698,"identifier":"38.2","token":"38.2","url":"\/38.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":84875,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-200","catch_line":"General powers of the Commission relative to insurance","url":"\/38.2-200\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-200","metadata":false},{"id":70951,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-201","catch_line":"Recommendations by Commission to General Assembly","url":"\/38.2-201\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-201","metadata":false},{"id":71634,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-202","catch_line":"Regulation of solicitation of proxies, consents and authorizations","url":"\/38.2-202\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-202","metadata":false},{"id":66056,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-203","catch_line":"Management and exclusive agency contracts subject to approval by Commission","url":"\/38.2-203\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-203","metadata":false},{"id":86443,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-204","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/38.2-204\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-204","metadata":false},{"id":55426,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-205.1","catch_line":"Temporary contracts of insurance permitted","url":"\/38.2-205.1\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-205.1","metadata":false},{"id":77907,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-206","catch_line":"Corporations as members of mutual insurers","url":"\/38.2-206\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-206","metadata":false},{"id":78608,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-207","catch_line":"Enforcement of right of subrogation in name of insured","url":"\/38.2-207\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-207","metadata":false},{"id":66293,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-208","catch_line":"Limitation of risks generally","url":"\/38.2-208\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-208","metadata":false},{"id":71333,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-209","catch_line":"Award of insured's attorney fees in certain cases","url":"\/38.2-209\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-209","metadata":false},{"id":57078,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-210","catch_line":"Loans to officers, directors, etc., prohibited","url":"\/38.2-210\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-210","metadata":false},{"id":75678,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-211","catch_line":"Other interests and payments to officers, directors, etc., prohibited","url":"\/38.2-211\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-211","metadata":false},{"id":78879,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-212","catch_line":"Certain compensation not prohibited","url":"\/38.2-212\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-212","metadata":false},{"id":85199,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-213","catch_line":"Violation of \u00a7 38.2-210 or \u00a7 38.2-211","url":"\/38.2-213\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-213","metadata":false},{"id":74840,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-214","catch_line":"Restrictions upon purchase and sale of equity securities of domestic stock insurers","url":"\/38.2-214\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-214","metadata":false},{"id":64172,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-215","catch_line":"Liability of president, chief executive officer or directors if insurance issued when insurer insolvent","url":"\/38.2-215\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-215","metadata":false},{"id":66704,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-216","catch_line":"Restrictions on removal or transfer of property and on reinsurance; penalty","url":"\/38.2-216\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-216","metadata":false},{"id":81338,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-217","catch_line":"When assets may not be distributed among stockholders","url":"\/38.2-217\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-217","metadata":false},{"id":64490,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-218","catch_line":"Penalties and restitution payments","url":"\/38.2-218\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-218","metadata":false},{"id":73928,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-219","catch_line":"Violations; procedure; cease and desist orders","url":"\/38.2-219\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-219","metadata":false},{"id":63210,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-220","catch_line":"Injunctions","url":"\/38.2-220\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-220","metadata":false},{"id":78078,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-221","catch_line":"Enforcement of penalties","url":"\/38.2-221\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-221","metadata":false},{"id":86567,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-221.1","catch_line":"Confidentiality of information","url":"\/38.2-221.1\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-221.1","metadata":false},{"id":55819,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-221.2","catch_line":"Treatment of confidential information pursuant to federal law","url":"\/38.2-221.2\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-221.2","metadata":false},{"id":69354,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-221.3","catch_line":"Confidentiality of applications and investigations","url":"\/38.2-221.3\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-221.3","metadata":false},{"id":84985,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-222","catch_line":"Appeals generally","url":"\/38.2-222\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-222","metadata":false},{"id":87496,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-223","catch_line":"Rules and regulations; 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credit property insurance; disclosure and readability","url":"\/38.2-233\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-233","metadata":false},{"id":57202,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-234","catch_line":"Release of information","url":"\/38.2-234\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-234","metadata":false},{"id":69385,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-235","catch_line":"Liability insurance; carbon monoxide exclusions","url":"\/38.2-235\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-235","metadata":false},{"id":80448,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-236","catch_line":"Notice of settlement payment","url":"\/38.2-236\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-236","metadata":false},{"id":83795,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-237","catch_line":"Provider complaints","url":"\/38.2-237\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-237","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":84912,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-226.3","catch_line":"Expired","url":"\/38.2-226.3\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-226.3","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":68082,"structure_id":14221,"section_number":"38.2-228","catch_line":"Proof of future financial responsibility","url":"\/38.2-228\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-228","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/38.2-227\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1983. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 353 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1983 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 1986, chapter 562.<\/p>","references":[{"id":87356,"section_number":"38.2-5103","catch_line":"Risk retention groups not chartered in this Commonwealth","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-5103\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":213229,"object_type":"law","relational_id":62181,"identifier":"38.2-227","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-227","url":"\/38.2-227\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/38.2-227\/","token":"38.2\/2\/38.2-227","dublin_core":{"Title":"Public policy regarding punitive damages","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 38.2-227","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>It is not against the public policy of the Commonwealth for any <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> to purchase <span class=\"dictionary\">insurance<\/span> providing coverage for punitive <span class=\"dictionary\">damages<\/span> arising out of the death or injury of any <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> as the result of <span class=\"dictionary\">negligence<\/span>, including willful and wanton <span class=\"dictionary\">negligence<\/span>, but excluding intentional acts. This section declares existing policy.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPUBLIC POLICY REGARDING PUNITIVE DAMAGES (\u00a7 38.2-227)\n\nIt is not against the public policy of the Commonwealth for any person to\npurchase insurance providing coverage for punitive damages arising out of the\ndeath or injury of any person as the result of negligence, including willful and\nwanton negligence, but excluding intentional acts. This section declares\nexisting policy.\n\nHISTORY: 1983, c. 353, \u00a7 38.1-42.2; 1986, c. 562.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}