{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/38.2-3412.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/38.2-3412.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/38.2-3412.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/38.2-3412.1.html"}],"law_id":84153,"edition_id":1,"section_id":84153,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3412.1","catch_line":"Coverage for mental health and substance use disorders","history":"1993, c. 132; 1995, c. 270; 1996, c. 41; 1997, c. 901; 1999, c. 941; 2001, c. 460; 2004, c. 156; 2006, c. 638; 2009, cc. 813, 840; 2010, c. 693; 2013, c. 751; 2015, c. 649; 2020, cc. 726, 847; 2022, c. 544; 2023, cc. 186, 187; 2024, cc. 199, 360; 2025, c. 314.","full_text":"A\n\nAs used in this section:\n\t\t\t“Adult” means any person who is 19 years of age or older.\n\t\t\t“Alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility” means a facility in which a state-approved program for the treatment of alcoholism or drug addiction is provided. The facility shall be either (i) licensed by the State Board of Health pursuant to Chapter 5 (§ 32.1-123 et seq.) of Title 32.1 or by the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services pursuant to Article 2 (§ 37.2-403 et seq.) of Chapter 4 of Title 37.2 or (ii) a state agency or institution.\n\t\t\t“Child or adolescent” means any person under the age of 19 years.\n\t\t\t“Crisis receiving center” means a community-based facility licensed by the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services to provide short-term assessment, observation, and crisis stabilization services.\n\t\t\t“Generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care” means evidence-based independent standards of care and clinical practice that are generally recognized by health care providers practicing in relevant clinical specialties including child and adolescent psychiatry, adult psychiatry, psychology, clinical sociology, addiction medicine and counseling, and behavioral health treatment. Sources reflecting “generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care” include peer-reviewed scientific studies and medical literature, consensus guidelines and recommendations of nonprofit health care provider professional associations and specialty societies, and nationally recognized clinical practice guidelines, including patient placement criteria, service intensity assessment instruments, clinical practice guidelines, guidelines and recommendations of federal government agencies, and drug labeling approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Nothing in this section shall supersede the standard of care as set forth in § 8.01-581.20.\n\t\t\t“Inpatient treatment” means mental health or substance abuse services delivered on a 24-hour per day basis in a hospital, alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility, an intermediate care facility or an inpatient unit of a mental health treatment center.\n\t\t\t“Intermediate care facility” means a licensed, residential public or private facility that is not a hospital and that is operated primarily for the purpose of providing a continuous, structured 24-hour per day, state-approved program of inpatient substance abuse services.\n\t\t\t“Medically necessary” means, with respect to the treatment of a mental health or substance use disorder, a service or product addressing the specific needs of a patient for the purpose of screening, preventing, diagnosing, managing, or treating such disorder, including minimizing the progression of such disorder, in a manner that is in accordance with generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care; clinically appropriate in terms of type, frequency, extent, site, and duration; and not defined primarily for the economic benefit of an insurer or purchaser or for the convenience of the patient, treating physician, or other health care provider.\n\t\t\t“Medication management visit” means a visit no more than 20 minutes in length with a licensed physician or other licensed health care provider with prescriptive authority for the sole purpose of monitoring and adjusting medications prescribed for mental health or substance abuse treatment.\n\t\t\t“Mental health services” or “mental health benefits” means benefits with respect to items or services for mental health conditions as defined under the terms of the health benefit plan. Any condition defined by the health benefit plan as being or as not being a mental health condition shall be defined to be consistent with generally recognized independent standards of current medical practice.\n\t\t\t“Mental health treatment center” means a treatment facility organized to provide care and treatment for mental illness through multiple modalities or techniques pursuant to a written plan approved and monitored by a physician, clinical psychologist, or a psychologist licensed to practice in this Commonwealth. The facility shall be (i) licensed by the Commonwealth, (ii) funded or eligible for funding under federal or state law, or (iii) affiliated with a hospital under a contractual agreement with an established system for patient referral.\n\t\t\t“Mobile crisis response services” means services licensed by the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services to provide for rapid response to, assessment of, and early intervention for individuals experiencing an acute mental health crisis that are deployed at the location of the individual.\n\t\t\t“Network adequacy” means access to services by measure of distance, time, and average length of referral to scheduled visit.\n\t\t\t“Outpatient treatment” means mental health or substance abuse treatment services rendered to a person as an individual or part of a group while not confined as an inpatient. Such treatment shall not include services delivered through a partial hospitalization or intensive outpatient program as defined herein.\n\t\t\t“Partial hospitalization” means a licensed or approved day or evening treatment program that includes the major diagnostic, medical, psychiatric and psychosocial rehabilitation treatment modalities designed for patients with mental, emotional, or nervous disorders, and alcohol or other drug dependence who require coordinated, intensive, comprehensive and multi-disciplinary treatment. Such a program shall provide treatment over a period of six or more continuous hours per day to individuals or groups of individuals who are not admitted as inpatients. Such term shall also include intensive outpatient programs for the treatment of alcohol or other drug dependence which provide treatment over a period of three or more continuous hours per day to individuals or groups of individuals who are not admitted as inpatients.\n\t\t\t“Residential crisis stabilization unit” means a community-based, short-term residential program licensed by the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services to provide short-term assessment, observation, support, and crisis stabilization for individuals who are experiencing an acute mental health crisis.\n\t\t\t“Substance abuse services” or “substance use disorder benefits” means benefits with respect to items or services for substance use disorders as defined under the terms of the health benefit plan. Any disorder defined by the health benefit plan as being or as not being a substance use disorder shall be defined to be consistent with generally recognized independent standards of current medical practice.\n\t\t\t“Treatment” means services including diagnostic evaluation, medical, psychiatric and psychological care, and psychotherapy for mental, emotional or nervous disorders or alcohol or other drug dependence rendered by a hospital, alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility, intermediate care facility, mental health treatment center, a physician, psychologist, clinical psychologist, licensed clinical social worker, licensed professional counselor, licensed substance abuse treatment practitioner, licensed marriage and family therapist or clinical nurse specialist. Treatment for physiological or psychological dependence on alcohol or other drugs shall also include the services of counseling and rehabilitation as well as services rendered by a state certified alcoholism, drug, or substance abuse counselor or substance abuse counseling assistant, limited to the scope of practice set forth in § 54.1-3507.1 or 54.1-3507.2, respectively, employed by a facility or program licensed to provide such treatment.B\n\nExcept as provided in subsections C and D, group and individual health insurance coverage, as defined in § 38.2-3431, shall provide coverage for mental health and substance use disorder benefits for children, adolescents, and adults. Such benefits shall be in parity with the medical and surgical benefits contained in the coverage in accordance with the federal Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 (MHPAEA), P.L. 110-343, even where those requirements would not otherwise apply directly, and shall apply the definitions of “generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care” and “medically necessary” provided in subsection A for any determination of medical necessity, prior authorization, or utilization review under such coverage. In conducting utilization review involving decisions within the scope of generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care, no insurer providing such coverage shall apply criteria that are different from, additional to, conflicting with, or more restrictive than the criteria set forth in such generally accepted standards. Coverage required under this subsection shall include mobile crisis response services and support and stabilization services provided in a residential crisis stabilization unit or crisis receiving center to the extent that such services are covered in other settings or modalities, regardless of any difference in billing codes.C\n\nAny grandfathered plan as defined in \u00a7 38.2-3438 in the small group market shall either continue to provide benefits in accordance with subsection B or continue to provide coverage for inpatient and partial hospitalization mental health and substance abuse services as follows:1\n\nTreatment for an adult as an inpatient at a hospital, inpatient unit of a mental health treatment center, alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility or intermediate care facility for a minimum period of 20 days per policy or contract year.2\n\nTreatment for a child or adolescent as an inpatient at a hospital, inpatient unit of a mental health treatment center, alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility or intermediate care facility for a minimum period of 25 days per policy or contract year.3\n\nUp to 10 days of the inpatient benefit set forth in subdivisions 1 and 2 of this subsection may be converted when medically necessary at the option of the person or the parent, as defined in § 16.1-336, of a child or adolescent receiving such treatment to a partial hospitalization benefit applying a formula which shall be no less favorable than an exchange of 1.5 days of partial hospitalization coverage for each inpatient day of coverage. An insurance policy or subscription contract described herein that provides inpatient benefits in excess of 20 days per policy or contract year for adults or 25 days per policy or contract year for a child or adolescent may provide for the conversion of such excess days on the terms set forth in this subdivision.4\n\nThe limits of the benefits set forth in this subsection shall not be more restrictive than for any other illness, except that the benefits may be limited as set out in this subsection.5\n\nThis subsection shall not apply to any excepted benefits policy as defined in § 38.2-3431, nor to policies or contracts designed for issuance to persons eligible for coverage under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act, known as Medicare, or any other similar coverage under state or federal governmental plans.D\n\nAny grandfathered plan as defined in \u00a7 38.2-3438 in the small group market shall also either continue to provide benefits in accordance with subsection B or continue to provide coverage for outpatient mental health and substance abuse services as follows:1\n\nA minimum of 20 visits for outpatient treatment of an adult, child or adolescent shall be provided in each policy or contract year.2\n\nThe limits of the benefits set forth in this subsection shall be no more restrictive than the limits of benefits applicable to physical illness; however, the coinsurance factor applicable to any outpatient visit beyond the first five of such visits covered in any policy or contract year shall be at least 50 percent.3\n\nFor the purpose of this section, medication management visits shall be covered in the same manner as a medication management visit for the treatment of physical illness and shall not be counted as an outpatient treatment visit in the calculation of the benefit set forth herein.4\n\nFor the purpose of this subsection, if all covered expenses for a visit for outpatient mental health or substance abuse treatment apply toward any deductible required by a policy or contract, such visit shall not count toward the outpatient visit benefit maximum set forth in the policy or contract.5\n\nThis subsection shall not apply to any excepted benefits policy as defined in § 38.2-3431, nor to policies or contracts designed for issuance to persons eligible for coverage under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act, known as Medicare, or any other similar coverage under state or federal governmental plans.E\n\nThe requirements of this section shall apply to all insurance policies and subscription contracts delivered, issued for delivery, reissued, renewed, or extended, or at any time when any term of the policy or contract is changed or any premium adjustment made.F\n\nThe provisions of this section shall not apply in any instance in which the provisions of this section are inconsistent or in conflict with a provision of Article 6 (§ 38.2-3438 et seq.) of Chapter 34.G\n\nThe Bureau of Insurance, in consultation with health carriers providing coverage for mental health and substance use disorder benefits pursuant to this section, shall develop reporting requirements regarding denied claims, complaints, appeals, and network adequacy involving such coverage set forth in this section. By November 1 of each year, the Bureau shall compile the information for the preceding year into a report that ensures the confidentiality of individuals whose information has been reported and is written in nontechnical, readily understandable language. The Bureau shall include in the report a summary of all comparative analyses prepared by health carriers pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 300gg-26(a)(8) that the Bureau requested during the reporting period. This summary shall include the Bureau’s explanation of whether the analyses were accepted as compliant, rejected as noncompliant, or are in process of review. For analyses that were noncompliant, the report shall include the corrective actions that the Bureau required the health carrier to take to come into compliance. The Bureau shall make the report available to the public by, among such other means as the Bureau finds appropriate, posting the reports on the Bureau’s website and submit the report to the House Committee on Labor and Commerce and the Senate Committee on Commerce and Labor.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":301595,"text":"As used in this section:\n\t\t\t“Adult” means any person who is 19 years of age or older.\n\t\t\t“Alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility” means a facility in which a state-approved program for the treatment of alcoholism or drug addiction is provided. The facility shall be either (i) licensed by the State Board of Health pursuant to Chapter 5 (§ 32.1-123 et seq.) of Title 32.1 or by the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services pursuant to Article 2 (§ 37.2-403 et seq.) of Chapter 4 of Title 37.2 or (ii) a state agency or institution.\n\t\t\t“Child or adolescent” means any person under the age of 19 years.\n\t\t\t“Crisis receiving center” means a community-based facility licensed by the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services to provide short-term assessment, observation, and crisis stabilization services.\n\t\t\t“Generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care” means evidence-based independent standards of care and clinical practice that are generally recognized by health care providers practicing in relevant clinical specialties including child and adolescent psychiatry, adult psychiatry, psychology, clinical sociology, addiction medicine and counseling, and behavioral health treatment. Sources reflecting “generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care” include peer-reviewed scientific studies and medical literature, consensus guidelines and recommendations of nonprofit health care provider professional associations and specialty societies, and nationally recognized clinical practice guidelines, including patient placement criteria, service intensity assessment instruments, clinical practice guidelines, guidelines and recommendations of federal government agencies, and drug labeling approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Nothing in this section shall supersede the standard of care as set forth in § 8.01-581.20.\n\t\t\t“Inpatient treatment” means mental health or substance abuse services delivered on a 24-hour per day basis in a hospital, alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility, an intermediate care facility or an inpatient unit of a mental health treatment center.\n\t\t\t“Intermediate care facility” means a licensed, residential public or private facility that is not a hospital and that is operated primarily for the purpose of providing a continuous, structured 24-hour per day, state-approved program of inpatient substance abuse services.\n\t\t\t“Medically necessary” means, with respect to the treatment of a mental health or substance use disorder, a service or product addressing the specific needs of a patient for the purpose of screening, preventing, diagnosing, managing, or treating such disorder, including minimizing the progression of such disorder, in a manner that is in accordance with generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care; clinically appropriate in terms of type, frequency, extent, site, and duration; and not defined primarily for the economic benefit of an insurer or purchaser or for the convenience of the patient, treating physician, or other health care provider.\n\t\t\t“Medication management visit” means a visit no more than 20 minutes in length with a licensed physician or other licensed health care provider with prescriptive authority for the sole purpose of monitoring and adjusting medications prescribed for mental health or substance abuse treatment.\n\t\t\t“Mental health services” or “mental health benefits” means benefits with respect to items or services for mental health conditions as defined under the terms of the health benefit plan. Any condition defined by the health benefit plan as being or as not being a mental health condition shall be defined to be consistent with generally recognized independent standards of current medical practice.\n\t\t\t“Mental health treatment center” means a treatment facility organized to provide care and treatment for mental illness through multiple modalities or techniques pursuant to a written plan approved and monitored by a physician, clinical psychologist, or a psychologist licensed to practice in this Commonwealth. The facility shall be (i) licensed by the Commonwealth, (ii) funded or eligible for funding under federal or state law, or (iii) affiliated with a hospital under a contractual agreement with an established system for patient referral.\n\t\t\t“Mobile crisis response services” means services licensed by the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services to provide for rapid response to, assessment of, and early intervention for individuals experiencing an acute mental health crisis that are deployed at the location of the individual.\n\t\t\t“Network adequacy” means access to services by measure of distance, time, and average length of referral to scheduled visit.\n\t\t\t“Outpatient treatment” means mental health or substance abuse treatment services rendered to a person as an individual or part of a group while not confined as an inpatient. Such treatment shall not include services delivered through a partial hospitalization or intensive outpatient program as defined herein.\n\t\t\t“Partial hospitalization” means a licensed or approved day or evening treatment program that includes the major diagnostic, medical, psychiatric and psychosocial rehabilitation treatment modalities designed for patients with mental, emotional, or nervous disorders, and alcohol or other drug dependence who require coordinated, intensive, comprehensive and multi-disciplinary treatment. Such a program shall provide treatment over a period of six or more continuous hours per day to individuals or groups of individuals who are not admitted as inpatients. Such term shall also include intensive outpatient programs for the treatment of alcohol or other drug dependence which provide treatment over a period of three or more continuous hours per day to individuals or groups of individuals who are not admitted as inpatients.\n\t\t\t“Residential crisis stabilization unit” means a community-based, short-term residential program licensed by the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services to provide short-term assessment, observation, support, and crisis stabilization for individuals who are experiencing an acute mental health crisis.\n\t\t\t“Substance abuse services” or “substance use disorder benefits” means benefits with respect to items or services for substance use disorders as defined under the terms of the health benefit plan. Any disorder defined by the health benefit plan as being or as not being a substance use disorder shall be defined to be consistent with generally recognized independent standards of current medical practice.\n\t\t\t“Treatment” means services including diagnostic evaluation, medical, psychiatric and psychological care, and psychotherapy for mental, emotional or nervous disorders or alcohol or other drug dependence rendered by a hospital, alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility, intermediate care facility, mental health treatment center, a physician, psychologist, clinical psychologist, licensed clinical social worker, licensed professional counselor, licensed substance abuse treatment practitioner, licensed marriage and family therapist or clinical nurse specialist. Treatment for physiological or psychological dependence on alcohol or other drugs shall also include the services of counseling and rehabilitation as well as services rendered by a state certified alcoholism, drug, or substance abuse counselor or substance abuse counseling assistant, limited to the scope of practice set forth in § 54.1-3507.1 or 54.1-3507.2, respectively, employed by a facility or program licensed to provide such treatment.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":301596,"text":"Except as provided in subsections C and D, group and individual health insurance coverage, as defined in § 38.2-3431, shall provide coverage for mental health and substance use disorder benefits for children, adolescents, and adults. Such benefits shall be in parity with the medical and surgical benefits contained in the coverage in accordance with the federal Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 (MHPAEA), P.L. 110-343, even where those requirements would not otherwise apply directly, and shall apply the definitions of “generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care” and “medically necessary” provided in subsection A for any determination of medical necessity, prior authorization, or utilization review under such coverage. In conducting utilization review involving decisions within the scope of generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care, no insurer providing such coverage shall apply criteria that are different from, additional to, conflicting with, or more restrictive than the criteria set forth in such generally accepted standards. Coverage required under this subsection shall include mobile crisis response services and support and stabilization services provided in a residential crisis stabilization unit or crisis receiving center to the extent that such services are covered in other settings or modalities, regardless of any difference in billing codes.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":301597,"text":"Any grandfathered plan as defined in \u00a7 38.2-3438 in the small group market shall either continue to provide benefits in accordance with subsection B or continue to provide coverage for inpatient and partial hospitalization mental health and substance abuse services as follows:","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"C1"},"3":{"id":301598,"text":"Treatment for an adult as an inpatient at a hospital, inpatient unit of a mental health treatment center, alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility or intermediate care facility for a minimum period of 20 days per policy or contract year.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"C1","prefix_anchor":"C1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"C2"},"4":{"id":301599,"text":"Treatment for a child or adolescent as an inpatient at a hospital, inpatient unit of a mental health treatment center, alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility or intermediate care facility for a minimum period of 25 days per policy or contract year.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"C2","prefix_anchor":"C2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C1","next_prefix":"C3"},"5":{"id":301600,"text":"Up to 10 days of the inpatient benefit set forth in subdivisions 1 and 2 of this subsection may be converted when medically necessary at the option of the person or the parent, as defined in § 16.1-336, of a child or adolescent receiving such treatment to a partial hospitalization benefit applying a formula which shall be no less favorable than an exchange of 1.5 days of partial hospitalization coverage for each inpatient day of coverage. An insurance policy or subscription contract described herein that provides inpatient benefits in excess of 20 days per policy or contract year for adults or 25 days per policy or contract year for a child or adolescent may provide for the conversion of such excess days on the terms set forth in this subdivision.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"C3","prefix_anchor":"C3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C2","next_prefix":"C4"},"6":{"id":301601,"text":"The limits of the benefits set forth in this subsection shall not be more restrictive than for any other illness, except that the benefits may be limited as set out in this subsection.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"C4","prefix_anchor":"C4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C3","next_prefix":"C5"},"7":{"id":301602,"text":"This subsection shall not apply to any excepted benefits policy as defined in § 38.2-3431, nor to policies or contracts designed for issuance to persons eligible for coverage under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act, known as Medicare, or any other similar coverage under state or federal governmental plans.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"C5","prefix_anchor":"C5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C4","next_prefix":"D"},"8":{"id":301603,"text":"Any grandfathered plan as defined in \u00a7 38.2-3438 in the small group market shall also either continue to provide benefits in accordance with subsection B or continue to provide coverage for outpatient mental health and substance abuse services as follows:","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C5","next_prefix":"D1"},"9":{"id":301604,"text":"A minimum of 20 visits for outpatient treatment of an adult, child or adolescent shall be provided in each policy or contract year.","type":"section","prefixes":["D","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"D1","prefix_anchor":"D1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"D2"},"10":{"id":301605,"text":"The limits of the benefits set forth in this subsection shall be no more restrictive than the limits of benefits applicable to physical illness; however, the coinsurance factor applicable to any outpatient visit beyond the first five of such visits covered in any policy or contract year shall be at least 50 percent.","type":"section","prefixes":["D","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"D2","prefix_anchor":"D2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D1","next_prefix":"D3"},"11":{"id":301606,"text":"For the purpose of this section, medication management visits shall be covered in the same manner as a medication management visit for the treatment of physical illness and shall not be counted as an outpatient treatment visit in the calculation of the benefit set forth herein.","type":"section","prefixes":["D","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"D3","prefix_anchor":"D3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D2","next_prefix":"D4"},"12":{"id":301607,"text":"For the purpose of this subsection, if all covered expenses for a visit for outpatient mental health or substance abuse treatment apply toward any deductible required by a policy or contract, such visit shall not count toward the outpatient visit benefit maximum set forth in the policy or contract.","type":"section","prefixes":["D","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"D4","prefix_anchor":"D4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D3","next_prefix":"D5"},"13":{"id":301608,"text":"This subsection shall not apply to any excepted benefits policy as defined in § 38.2-3431, nor to policies or contracts designed for issuance to persons eligible for coverage under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act, known as Medicare, or any other similar coverage under state or federal governmental plans.","type":"section","prefixes":["D","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"D5","prefix_anchor":"D5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D4","next_prefix":"E"},"14":{"id":301609,"text":"The requirements of this section shall apply to all insurance policies and subscription contracts delivered, issued for delivery, reissued, renewed, or extended, or at any time when any term of the policy or contract is changed or any premium adjustment made.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D5","next_prefix":"F"},"15":{"id":301610,"text":"The provisions of this section shall not apply in any instance in which the provisions of this section are inconsistent or in conflict with a provision of Article 6 (§ 38.2-3438 et seq.) of Chapter 34.","type":"section","prefixes":["F"],"prefix":"F","entire_prefix":"F","prefix_anchor":"F","level":1,"prior_prefix":"E","next_prefix":"G"},"16":{"id":301611,"text":"The Bureau of Insurance, in consultation with health carriers providing coverage for mental health and substance use disorder benefits pursuant to this section, shall develop reporting requirements regarding denied claims, complaints, appeals, and network adequacy involving such coverage set forth in this section. By November 1 of each year, the Bureau shall compile the information for the preceding year into a report that ensures the confidentiality of individuals whose information has been reported and is written in nontechnical, readily understandable language. The Bureau shall include in the report a summary of all comparative analyses prepared by health carriers pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 300gg-26(a)(8) that the Bureau requested during the reporting period. This summary shall include the Bureau’s explanation of whether the analyses were accepted as compliant, rejected as noncompliant, or are in process of review. For analyses that were noncompliant, the report shall include the corrective actions that the Bureau required the health carrier to take to come into compliance. The Bureau shall make the report available to the public by, among such other means as the Bureau finds appropriate, posting the reports on the Bureau’s website and submit the report to the House Committee on Labor and Commerce and the Senate Committee on Commerce and Labor.","type":"section","prefixes":["G"],"prefix":"G","entire_prefix":"G","prefix_anchor":"G","level":1,"prior_prefix":"F"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14324,"edition_id":1,"name":"Mandated Benefits","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12993,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:45","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:45","permalink":{"id":215143,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14324,"identifier":"2","token":"38.2\/34\/2","url":"\/38.2\/34\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12993,"edition_id":1,"name":"Provisions Relating to Accident and Sickness Insurance","identifier":"34","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12698,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:07","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:07","permalink":{"id":214887,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12993,"identifier":"34","token":"38.2\/34","url":"\/38.2\/34\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12698,"edition_id":1,"name":"Insurance","identifier":"38.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":210661,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12698,"identifier":"38.2","token":"38.2","url":"\/38.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":87046,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3408","catch_line":"Policy providing for reimbursement for services that may be performed by certain practitioners other than physicians","url":"\/38.2-3408\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3408","metadata":false},{"id":55621,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3409","catch_line":"Coverage of dependent children","url":"\/38.2-3409\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3409","metadata":false},{"id":68501,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3410","catch_line":"Construction of policy generally; words \"physician\" and \"doctor\" to include dentist","url":"\/38.2-3410\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3410","metadata":false},{"id":76551,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3411","catch_line":"Coverage of newborn children required","url":"\/38.2-3411\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3411","metadata":false},{"id":71629,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3411.1","catch_line":"Coverage for child health supervision services","url":"\/38.2-3411.1\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3411.1","metadata":false},{"id":70694,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3411.2","catch_line":"Coverage of adopted children required","url":"\/38.2-3411.2\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3411.2","metadata":false},{"id":77817,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3411.3","catch_line":"Coverage for childhood immunizations","url":"\/38.2-3411.3\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3411.3","metadata":false},{"id":86598,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3411.4","catch_line":"Coverage for infant hearing screening and related diagnostics","url":"\/38.2-3411.4\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3411.4","metadata":false},{"id":63024,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3412","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/38.2-3412\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3412","metadata":false},{"id":84153,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3412.1","catch_line":"Coverage for mental health and substance use 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diabetes","url":"\/38.2-3418.10\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.10","metadata":false},{"id":87414,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.11","catch_line":"Coverage for hospice care","url":"\/38.2-3418.11\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.11","metadata":false},{"id":81464,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.12","catch_line":"Coverage for hospitalization and anesthesia for dental procedures","url":"\/38.2-3418.12\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.12","metadata":false},{"id":82972,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.13","catch_line":"Coverage for the treatment of morbid obesity","url":"\/38.2-3418.13\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.13","metadata":false},{"id":85731,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.14","catch_line":"Coverage for lymphedema","url":"\/38.2-3418.14\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.14","metadata":false},{"id":71964,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.15","catch_line":"Coverage for prosthetic devices and components","url":"\/38.2-3418.15\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.15","metadata":false},{"id":57543,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.15:1","catch_line":"Coverage for prosthetic devices and components","url":"\/38.2-3418.15_1\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.15_1","metadata":false},{"id":61286,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.16","catch_line":"Coverage for telemedicine services","url":"\/38.2-3418.16\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.16","metadata":false},{"id":81144,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.17","catch_line":"Coverage for autism spectrum disorder","url":"\/38.2-3418.17\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.17","metadata":false},{"id":60567,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.18","catch_line":"Coverage for formula and enteral nutrition products as medicine","url":"\/38.2-3418.18\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.18","metadata":false},{"id":79176,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.19","catch_line":"Coverage for organ, eye or tissue transplant","url":"\/38.2-3418.19\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.19","metadata":false},{"id":69963,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.1:1","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/38.2-3418.1_1\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.1_1","metadata":false},{"id":72277,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.1:2","catch_line":"Coverage for pap smears","url":"\/38.2-3418.1_2\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.1_2","metadata":false},{"id":64216,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.1:3","catch_line":"Cost sharing for breast examinations","url":"\/38.2-3418.1_3\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.1_3","metadata":false},{"id":80233,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.2","catch_line":"Coverage of procedures involving bones and joints","url":"\/38.2-3418.2\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.2","metadata":false},{"id":73658,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.20","catch_line":"Coverage for hearing aids and related services [Not in effect]","url":"\/38.2-3418.20\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.20","metadata":false},{"id":76455,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.21","catch_line":"Coverage for hearing aids and related services","url":"\/38.2-3418.21\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.21","metadata":false},{"id":67690,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.22","catch_line":"Coverage for pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections and pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome","url":"\/38.2-3418.22\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.22","metadata":false},{"id":79724,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.3","catch_line":"Coverage for hemophilia and congenital bleeding disorders","url":"\/38.2-3418.3\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.3","metadata":false},{"id":86337,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.4","catch_line":"Coverage for reconstructive breast surgery; notice; eligibility","url":"\/38.2-3418.4\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.4","metadata":false},{"id":87401,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.5","catch_line":"Coverage for early intervention services","url":"\/38.2-3418.5\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.5","metadata":false},{"id":61674,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.6","catch_line":"Minimum hospital stay for mastectomy and certain lymph node dissection patients","url":"\/38.2-3418.6\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3418.6","metadata":false},{"id":71759,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3418.7","catch_line":"Coverage for prostate cancer 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holder","url":"\/38.2-3419\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3419","metadata":false},{"id":57559,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3419.1","catch_line":"Report of costs and utilization of mandated benefits","url":"\/38.2-3419.1\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3419.1","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":63024,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3412","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/38.2-3412\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3412","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":75255,"structure_id":14324,"section_number":"38.2-3412.1:01","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/38.2-3412.1_01\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3412.1_01","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/38.2-3412.1\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1993. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 132 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1993 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 16 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1995, chapter 270<\/a>; in 1996, chapter 41<\/a>; in 1997, chapter 901<\/a>; in 1999, chapter 941<\/a>; in 2001, chapter 460<\/a>; in 2004, chapter 156<\/a>; in 2006, chapter 638<\/a>; in 2009, chapters 813<\/a> and 840<\/a>; in 2010, chapter 693<\/a>; in 2013, chapter 751<\/a>; in 2015, chapter 649<\/a>; in 2020, chapters 726<\/a> and 847<\/a>; in 2022, chapter 544<\/a>; in 2023, chapters 186<\/a> and 187<\/a>; in 2024, chapters 199<\/a> and 360<\/a>; in 2025, chapter 314<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":81144,"section_number":"38.2-3418.17","catch_line":"Coverage for autism spectrum disorder","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-3418.17\/"},{"id":57210,"section_number":"38.2-3438","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-3438\/"},{"id":60836,"section_number":"38.2-3445","catch_line":"Patient access to emergency services","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-3445\/"},{"id":67952,"section_number":"38.2-4319","catch_line":"Statutory construction and relationship to other laws","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-4319\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":80739,"section_number":"16.1-336","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-336\/"},{"id":80727,"section_number":"32.1-123","catch_line":"(Effective January 1, 2026) Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/32.1-123\/"},{"id":60864,"section_number":"37.2-403","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/37.2-403\/"},{"id":86404,"section_number":"38.2-3431","catch_line":"Application of article; definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-3431\/"},{"id":57210,"section_number":"38.2-3438","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-3438\/"},{"id":70897,"section_number":"54.1-3507.1","catch_line":"Scope of practice, supervision, and qualifications of certified substance abuse counselors","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-3507.1\/"},{"id":83400,"section_number":"54.1-3507.2","catch_line":"Scope of practice, supervision, and qualifications of certified substance abuse counseling assistants","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-3507.2\/"},{"id":75087,"section_number":"8.01-581.20","catch_line":"Standard of care in proceeding before medical malpractice review panel; expert testimony; determination of standard in action for damages","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-581.20\/"}],"permalink":{"id":215181,"object_type":"law","relational_id":84153,"identifier":"38.2-3412.1","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3412.1","url":"\/38.2-3412.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/38.2-3412.1\/","token":"38.2\/34\/2\/38.2-3412.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Coverage for mental health and substance use disorders","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 38.2-3412.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> As used in this section:\n\t\t\t“Adult<\/span>” means any person<\/span> who is 19 years of age or older.\n\t\t\t“Alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility<\/span>” means a facility in which a state<\/span>-approved program for the treatment of alcoholism or drug addiction is provided. The facility shall be either (i) licensed by the State<\/span> Board of Health pursuant to Chapter 5 (§ 32.1-123<\/a> et seq.) of Title 32.1 or by the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services pursuant to Article 2 (§ 37.2-403<\/a> et seq.) of Chapter 4 of Title 37.2 or (ii) a state<\/span> agency or institution.\n\t\t\t“Child or adolescent<\/span>” means any person<\/span> under the age of 19 years.\n\t\t\t“Crisis receiving center<\/span>” means a community-based facility licensed by the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services to provide short-term assessment, observation, and crisis stabilization services.\n\t\t\t“Generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care<\/span>” means evidence<\/span>-based independent standards of care and clinical practice that are generally recognized by health care providers practicing in relevant clinical specialties including child and adolescent psychiatry, adult<\/span> psychiatry, psychology, clinical sociology, addiction medicine and counseling, and behavioral health treatment. Sources reflecting “generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care<\/span>” include peer-reviewed scientific studies and medical literature, consensus guidelines and recommendations of nonprofit health care provider professional associations and specialty societies, and nationally recognized clinical practice guidelines, including patient placement criteria, service intensity assessment instruments, clinical practice guidelines, guidelines and recommendations of federal government agencies, and drug labeling approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Nothing in this section shall supersede the standard of care as set forth in § 8.01-581.20<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Inpatient treatment<\/span>” means mental health or substance abuse services<\/span> delivered on a 24-hour per day basis in a hospital, alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility<\/span>, an intermediate care facility<\/span> or an inpatient unit of a mental health treatment<\/span> center<\/span>.\n\t\t\t“Intermediate care facility<\/span>” means a licensed, residential public or private facility that is not a hospital and that is operated primarily for the purpose of providing a continuous, structured 24-hour per day, state<\/span>-approved program of inpatient substance abuse services<\/span>.\n\t\t\t“Medically necessary<\/span>” means, with respect to the treatment of a mental health or substance use disorder, a service or product addressing the specific needs of a patient for the purpose of screening, preventing, diagnosing, managing, or treating such disorder, including minimizing the progression of such disorder, in a manner that is in accordance with generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care<\/span>; clinically appropriate in terms of type, frequency, extent, site, and duration; and not defined primarily for the economic benefit of an insurer<\/span> or purchaser or for the convenience of the patient, treating physician, or other health care provider.\n\t\t\t“Medication management visit<\/span>” means a visit no more than 20 minutes in length with a licensed physician or other licensed health care provider with prescriptive authority for the sole purpose of monitoring and adjusting medications prescribed for mental health or substance abuse treatment<\/span>.\n\t\t\t“Mental health services<\/span>” or “mental health benefits<\/span>” means benefits with respect to items or services for mental health conditions as defined under the terms of the health benefit plan. Any condition defined by the health benefit plan as being or as not being a mental health condition shall be defined to be consistent with generally recognized independent standards of current medical practice.\n\t\t\t“Mental health treatment<\/span> center<\/span>” means a treatment facility organized to provide care and treatment for mental illness through multiple modalities or techniques pursuant to a written plan approved and monitored by a physician, clinical psychologist, or a psychologist licensed to practice in this Commonwealth. The facility shall be (i) licensed by the Commonwealth, (ii) funded or eligible for funding under federal or state<\/span> law<\/span>, or (iii) affiliated with a hospital under a contractual agreement with an established system for patient referral.\n\t\t\t“Mobile crisis response services<\/span>” means services licensed by the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services to provide for rapid response to, assessment of, and early intervention for individuals experiencing an acute mental health crisis that are deployed at the location of the individual.\n\t\t\t“Network adequacy<\/span>” means access to services by measure of distance, time, and average length of referral to scheduled visit.\n\t\t\t“Outpatient treatment<\/span>” means mental health or substance abuse treatment<\/span> services rendered to a person<\/span> as an individual or part of a group while not confined as an inpatient. Such treatment shall not include services delivered through a partial hospitalization<\/span> or intensive outpatient program as defined herein.\n\t\t\t“Partial hospitalization<\/span>” means a licensed or approved day or evening treatment program that includes the major diagnostic, medical, psychiatric and psychosocial rehabilitation treatment modalities designed for patients with mental, emotional, or nervous disorders, and alcohol or other drug dependence who require coordinated, intensive, comprehensive and multi-disciplinary treatment. Such a program shall provide treatment over a period of six or more continuous hours per day to individuals or groups of individuals who are not admitted as inpatients. Such term shall also include intensive outpatient programs for the treatment of alcohol or other drug dependence which provide treatment over a period of three or more continuous hours per day to individuals or groups of individuals who are not admitted as inpatients.\n\t\t\t“Residential crisis stabilization unit<\/span>” means a community-based, short-term residential program licensed by the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services to provide short-term assessment, observation, support, and crisis stabilization for individuals who are experiencing an acute mental health crisis.\n\t\t\t“Substance abuse services<\/span>” or “substance use disorder benefits<\/span>” means benefits with respect to items or services for substance use disorders as defined under the terms of the health benefit plan. Any disorder defined by the health benefit plan as being or as not being a substance use disorder shall be defined to be consistent with generally recognized independent standards of current medical practice.\n\t\t\t“Treatment” means services including diagnostic evaluation, medical, psychiatric and psychological care, and psychotherapy for mental, emotional or nervous disorders or alcohol or other drug dependence rendered by a hospital, alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility<\/span>, intermediate care facility<\/span>, mental health treatment<\/span> center<\/span>, a physician, psychologist, clinical psychologist, licensed clinical social worker, licensed professional counselor, licensed substance abuse treatment<\/span> practitioner, licensed marriage and family therapist or clinical nurse specialist. Treatment for physiological or psychological dependence on alcohol or other drugs shall also include the services of counseling and rehabilitation as well as services rendered by a state<\/span> certified alcoholism, drug, or substance abuse counselor or substance abuse counseling assistant, limited to the scope of practice set forth in § 54.1-3507.1<\/a> or 54.1-3507.2<\/a>, respectively, employed by a facility or program licensed to provide such treatment. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Except as provided in subsections C and D, group and individual health insurance<\/span> coverage, as defined in § 38.2-3431<\/a>, shall provide coverage for mental health and substance use disorder benefits<\/span> for children, adolescents, and adults<\/span>. Such benefits shall be in parity with the medical and surgical benefits contained in the coverage in accordance with the federal Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity<\/span> Act of 2008 (MHPAEA), P.L. 110-343, even where those requirements would not otherwise apply directly, and shall apply the definitions of “generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care<\/span>” and “medically necessary<\/span>” provided in subsection A for any determination of medical necessity, prior authorization, or utilization review under such coverage. In conducting utilization review involving decisions within the scope of generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care<\/span>, no insurer<\/span> providing such coverage shall apply criteria that are different from, additional to, conflicting with, or more restrictive than the criteria set forth in such generally accepted standards. Coverage required under this subsection shall include mobile crisis response services<\/span> and support and stabilization services provided in a residential crisis stabilization unit<\/span> or crisis receiving center<\/span> to the extent that such services are covered in other settings or modalities, regardless of any difference in billing codes. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Any grandfathered plan as defined in \u00a7 38.2-3438<\/a> in the small group market shall either continue to provide benefits in accordance with subsection B or continue to provide coverage for inpatient and partial hospitalization<\/span> mental health and substance abuse services<\/span> as follows: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Treatment for an adult<\/span> as an inpatient at a hospital, inpatient unit of a mental health treatment<\/span> center<\/span>, alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility<\/span> or intermediate care facility<\/span> for a minimum period of 20 days per policy or contract<\/span> year. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Treatment for a child or adolescent<\/span> as an inpatient at a hospital, inpatient unit of a mental health treatment<\/span> center<\/span>, alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility<\/span> or intermediate care facility<\/span> for a minimum period of 25 days per policy or contract<\/span> year. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Up to 10 days of the inpatient benefit set forth in subdivisions 1 and 2 of this subsection may be converted when medically necessary<\/span> at the option of the person<\/span> or the parent, as defined in § 16.1-336<\/a>, of a child or adolescent<\/span> receiving such treatment to a partial hospitalization<\/span> benefit applying a formula which shall be no less favorable than an exchange of 1.5 days of partial hospitalization<\/span> coverage for each inpatient day of coverage. An insurance<\/span> policy or subscription contract<\/span> described herein that provides inpatient benefits in excess of 20 days per policy or contract<\/span> year for adults<\/span> or 25 days per policy or contract<\/span> year for a child or adolescent<\/span> may provide for the conversion of such excess days on the terms set forth in this subdivision. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> The limits of the benefits set forth in this subsection shall not be more restrictive than for any other illness, except that the benefits may be limited as set out in this subsection. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> This subsection shall not apply to any excepted benefits policy as defined in § 38.2-3431<\/a>, nor to policies or contracts<\/span> designed for issuance to persons<\/span> eligible for coverage under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act, known as Medicare<\/span>, or any other similar coverage under state<\/span> or federal governmental plans. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> Any grandfathered plan as defined in \u00a7 38.2-3438<\/a> in the small group market shall also either continue to provide benefits in accordance with subsection B or continue to provide coverage for outpatient mental health and substance abuse services<\/span> as follows: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> A minimum of 20 visits for outpatient treatment<\/span> of an adult<\/span>, child or adolescent<\/span> shall be provided in each policy or contract<\/span> year. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> The limits of the benefits set forth in this subsection shall be no more restrictive than the limits of benefits applicable to physical illness; however, the coinsurance factor applicable to any outpatient visit beyond the first five of such visits covered in any policy or contract<\/span> year shall be at least 50 percent. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> For the purpose of this section, medication management visits<\/span> shall be covered in the same manner as a medication management visit<\/span> for the treatment of physical illness and shall not be counted as an outpatient treatment<\/span> visit in the calculation of the benefit set forth herein. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> For the purpose of this subsection, if all covered expenses for a visit for outpatient mental health or substance abuse treatment<\/span> apply toward any deductible required by a policy or contract<\/span>, such visit shall not count toward the outpatient visit benefit maximum set forth in the policy or contract<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> This subsection shall not apply to any excepted benefits policy as defined in § 38.2-3431<\/a>, nor to policies or contracts<\/span> designed for issuance to persons<\/span> eligible for coverage under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act, known as Medicare<\/span>, or any other similar coverage under state<\/span> or federal governmental plans. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> The requirements of this section shall apply to all insurance policies<\/span> and subscription contracts<\/span> delivered, issued for delivery, reissued, renewed, or extended, or at any time when any term of the policy or contract<\/span> is changed or any premium adjustment made. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

F.<\/span> The provisions of this section shall not apply in any instance in which the provisions of this section are inconsistent or in conflict with a provision of Article 6 (§ 38.2-3438<\/a> et seq.) of Chapter 34. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

G.<\/span> The Bureau of Insurance<\/span>, in consultation with health carriers providing coverage for mental health and substance use disorder benefits<\/span> pursuant to this section, shall develop reporting requirements regarding denied claims, complaints, appeals<\/span>, and network adequacy<\/span> involving such coverage set forth in this section. By November 1 of each year, the Bureau shall compile the information for the preceding year into a report that ensures the confidentiality of individuals whose information has been reported and is written in nontechnical, readily understandable language. The Bureau shall include in the report a summary of all comparative analyses prepared by health carriers pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 300gg-26(a)(8) that the Bureau requested during the reporting period. This summary shall include the Bureau’s explanation of whether the analyses were accepted as compliant, rejected as noncompliant, or are in process of review. For analyses that were noncompliant, the report shall include the corrective actions that the Bureau required the health carrier to take to come into compliance. The Bureau shall make the report available to the public by, among such other means as the Bureau finds appropriate, posting the reports on the Bureau’s website and submit the report to the House Committee on Labor and Commerce and the Senate Committee on Commerce and Labor. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCOVERAGE FOR MENTAL HEALTH AND SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS (\u00a7 38.2-3412.1)\n\nA. As used in this section:\n\t\t\t“Adult” means any person who is 19 years of age or older.\n\t\t\t“Alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility” means a facility in\nwhich a state-approved program for the treatment of alcoholism or drug addiction\nis provided. The facility shall be either (i) licensed by the State Board of\nHealth pursuant to Chapter 5 (§ 32.1-123 et seq.) of Title 32.1 or by the\nDepartment of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services pursuant to Article 2\n(§ 37.2-403 et seq.) of Chapter 4 of Title 37.2 or (ii) a state agency or\ninstitution.\n\t\t\t“Child or adolescent” means any person under the age of 19 years.\n\t\t\t“Crisis receiving center” means a community-based facility\nlicensed by the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services to\nprovide short-term assessment, observation, and crisis stabilization services.\n\t\t\t“Generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use\ndisorder care” means evidence-based independent standards of care and\nclinical practice that are generally recognized by health care providers\npracticing in relevant clinical specialties including child and adolescent\npsychiatry, adult psychiatry, psychology, clinical sociology, addiction medicine\nand counseling, and behavioral health treatment. Sources reflecting\n“generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder\ncare” include peer-reviewed scientific studies and medical literature,\nconsensus guidelines and recommendations of nonprofit health care provider\nprofessional associations and specialty societies, and nationally recognized\nclinical practice guidelines, including patient placement criteria, service\nintensity assessment instruments, clinical practice guidelines, guidelines and\nrecommendations of federal government agencies, and drug labeling approved by\nthe U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Nothing in this section shall supersede\nthe standard of care as set forth in § 8.01-581.20.\n\t\t\t“Inpatient treatment” means mental health or substance abuse\nservices delivered on a 24-hour per day basis in a hospital, alcohol or drug\nrehabilitation facility, an intermediate care facility or an inpatient unit of a\nmental health treatment center.\n\t\t\t“Intermediate care facility” means a licensed, residential public\nor private facility that is not a hospital and that is operated primarily for\nthe purpose of providing a continuous, structured 24-hour per day,\nstate-approved program of inpatient substance abuse services.\n\t\t\t“Medically necessary” means, with respect to the treatment of a\nmental health or substance use disorder, a service or product addressing the\nspecific needs of a patient for the purpose of screening, preventing,\ndiagnosing, managing, or treating such disorder, including minimizing the\nprogression of such disorder, in a manner that is in accordance with generally\naccepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care; clinically\nappropriate in terms of type, frequency, extent, site, and duration; and not\ndefined primarily for the economic benefit of an insurer or purchaser or for the\nconvenience of the patient, treating physician, or other health care provider.\n\t\t\t“Medication management visit” means a visit no more than 20\nminutes in length with a licensed physician or other licensed health care\nprovider with prescriptive authority for the sole purpose of monitoring and\nadjusting medications prescribed for mental health or substance abuse treatment.\n\t\t\t“Mental health services” or “mental health benefits”\nmeans benefits with respect to items or services for mental health conditions as\ndefined under the terms of the health benefit plan. Any condition defined by the\nhealth benefit plan as being or as not being a mental health condition shall be\ndefined to be consistent with generally recognized independent standards of\ncurrent medical practice.\n\t\t\t“Mental health treatment center” means a treatment facility\norganized to provide care and treatment for mental illness through multiple\nmodalities or techniques pursuant to a written plan approved and monitored by a\nphysician, clinical psychologist, or a psychologist licensed to practice in this\nCommonwealth. The facility shall be (i) licensed by the Commonwealth, (ii)\nfunded or eligible for funding under federal or state law, or (iii) affiliated\nwith a hospital under a contractual agreement with an established system for\npatient referral.\n\t\t\t“Mobile crisis response services” means services licensed by the\nDepartment of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services to provide for rapid\nresponse to, assessment of, and early intervention for individuals experiencing\nan acute mental health crisis that are deployed at the location of the\nindividual.\n\t\t\t“Network adequacy” means access to services by measure of\ndistance, time, and average length of referral to scheduled visit.\n\t\t\t“Outpatient treatment” means mental health or substance abuse\ntreatment services rendered to a person as an individual or part of a group\nwhile not confined as an inpatient. Such treatment shall not include services\ndelivered through a partial hospitalization or intensive outpatient program as\ndefined herein.\n\t\t\t“Partial hospitalization” means a licensed or approved day or\nevening treatment program that includes the major diagnostic, medical,\npsychiatric and psychosocial rehabilitation treatment modalities designed for\npatients with mental, emotional, or nervous disorders, and alcohol or other drug\ndependence who require coordinated, intensive, comprehensive and\nmulti-disciplinary treatment. Such a program shall provide treatment over a\nperiod of six or more continuous hours per day to individuals or groups of\nindividuals who are not admitted as inpatients. Such term shall also include\nintensive outpatient programs for the treatment of alcohol or other drug\ndependence which provide treatment over a period of three or more continuous\nhours per day to individuals or groups of individuals who are not admitted as\ninpatients.\n\t\t\t“Residential crisis stabilization unit” means a community-based,\nshort-term residential program licensed by the Department of Behavioral Health\nand Developmental Services to provide short-term assessment, observation,\nsupport, and crisis stabilization for individuals who are experiencing an acute\nmental health crisis.\n\t\t\t“Substance abuse services” or “substance use disorder\nbenefits” means benefits with respect to items or services for substance\nuse disorders as defined under the terms of the health benefit plan. Any\ndisorder defined by the health benefit plan as being or as not being a substance\nuse disorder shall be defined to be consistent with generally recognized\nindependent standards of current medical practice.\n\t\t\t“Treatment” means services including diagnostic evaluation,\nmedical, psychiatric and psychological care, and psychotherapy for mental,\nemotional or nervous disorders or alcohol or other drug dependence rendered by a\nhospital, alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility, intermediate care facility,\nmental health treatment center, a physician, psychologist, clinical\npsychologist, licensed clinical social worker, licensed professional counselor,\nlicensed substance abuse treatment practitioner, licensed marriage and family\ntherapist or clinical nurse specialist. Treatment for physiological or\npsychological dependence on alcohol or other drugs shall also include the\nservices of counseling and rehabilitation as well as services rendered by a\nstate certified alcoholism, drug, or substance abuse counselor or substance\nabuse counseling assistant, limited to the scope of practice set forth in §\n54.1-3507.1 or 54.1-3507.2, respectively, employed by a facility or program\nlicensed to provide such treatment.\n\nB. Except as provided in subsections C and D, group and individual health\ninsurance coverage, as defined in § 38.2-3431, shall provide coverage for\nmental health and substance use disorder benefits for children, adolescents, and\nadults. Such benefits shall be in parity with the medical and surgical benefits\ncontained in the coverage in accordance with the federal Mental Health Parity\nand Addiction Equity Act of 2008 (MHPAEA), P.L. 110-343, even where those\nrequirements would not otherwise apply directly, and shall apply the definitions\nof “generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use\ndisorder care” and “medically necessary” provided in\nsubsection A for any determination of medical necessity, prior authorization, or\nutilization review under such coverage. In conducting utilization review\ninvolving decisions within the scope of generally accepted standards of mental\nhealth or substance use disorder care, no insurer providing such coverage shall\napply criteria that are different from, additional to, conflicting with, or more\nrestrictive than the criteria set forth in such generally accepted standards.\nCoverage required under this subsection shall include mobile crisis response\nservices and support and stabilization services provided in a residential crisis\nstabilization unit or crisis receiving center to the extent that such services\nare covered in other settings or modalities, regardless of any difference in\nbilling codes.\n\nC. Any grandfathered plan as defined in \u00a7 38.2-3438 in the small group market\nshall either continue to provide benefits in accordance with subsection B or\ncontinue to provide coverage for inpatient and partial hospitalization mental\nhealth and substance abuse services as follows:\n\n 1. Treatment for an adult as an inpatient at a hospital, inpatient unit of a\n mental health treatment center, alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility or\n intermediate care facility for a minimum period of 20 days per policy or\n contract year.\n\n 2. Treatment for a child or adolescent as an inpatient at a hospital,\n inpatient unit of a mental health treatment center, alcohol or drug\n rehabilitation facility or intermediate care facility for a minimum period of\n 25 days per policy or contract year.\n\n 3. Up to 10 days of the inpatient benefit set forth in subdivisions 1 and 2 of\n this subsection may be converted when medically necessary at the option of the\n person or the parent, as defined in § 16.1-336, of a child or adolescent\n receiving such treatment to a partial hospitalization benefit applying a\n formula which shall be no less favorable than an exchange of 1.5 days of\n partial hospitalization coverage for each inpatient day of coverage. An\n insurance policy or subscription contract described herein that provides\n inpatient benefits in excess of 20 days per policy or contract year for adults\n or 25 days per policy or contract year for a child or adolescent may provide\n for the conversion of such excess days on the terms set forth in this\n subdivision.\n\n 4. The limits of the benefits set forth in this subsection shall not be more\n restrictive than for any other illness, except that the benefits may be\n limited as set out in this subsection.\n\n 5. This subsection shall not apply to any excepted benefits policy as defined\n in § 38.2-3431, nor to policies or contracts designed for issuance to\n persons eligible for coverage under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act,\n known as Medicare, or any other similar coverage under state or federal\n governmental plans.\n\nD. Any grandfathered plan as defined in \u00a7 38.2-3438 in the small group market\nshall also either continue to provide benefits in accordance with subsection B\nor continue to provide coverage for outpatient mental health and substance abuse\nservices as follows:\n\n 1. A minimum of 20 visits for outpatient treatment of an adult, child or\n adolescent shall be provided in each policy or contract year.\n\n 2. The limits of the benefits set forth in this subsection shall be no more\n restrictive than the limits of benefits applicable to physical illness;\n however, the coinsurance factor applicable to any outpatient visit beyond the\n first five of such visits covered in any policy or contract year shall be at\n least 50 percent.\n\n 3. For the purpose of this section, medication management visits shall be\n covered in the same manner as a medication management visit for the treatment\n of physical illness and shall not be counted as an outpatient treatment visit\n in the calculation of the benefit set forth herein.\n\n 4. For the purpose of this subsection, if all covered expenses for a visit for\n outpatient mental health or substance abuse treatment apply toward any\n deductible required by a policy or contract, such visit shall not count toward\n the outpatient visit benefit maximum set forth in the policy or contract.\n\n 5. This subsection shall not apply to any excepted benefits policy as defined\n in § 38.2-3431, nor to policies or contracts designed for issuance to\n persons eligible for coverage under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act,\n known as Medicare, or any other similar coverage under state or federal\n governmental plans.\n\nE. The requirements of this section shall apply to all insurance policies and\nsubscription contracts delivered, issued for delivery, reissued, renewed, or\nextended, or at any time when any term of the policy or contract is changed or\nany premium adjustment made.\n\nF. The provisions of this section shall not apply in any instance in which the\nprovisions of this section are inconsistent or in conflict with a provision of\nArticle 6 (§ 38.2-3438 et seq.) of Chapter 34.\n\nG. The Bureau of Insurance, in consultation with health carriers providing\ncoverage for mental health and substance use disorder benefits pursuant to this\nsection, shall develop reporting requirements regarding denied claims,\ncomplaints, appeals, and network adequacy involving such coverage set forth in\nthis section. By November 1 of each year, the Bureau shall compile the\ninformation for the preceding year into a report that ensures the\nconfidentiality of individuals whose information has been reported and is\nwritten in nontechnical, readily understandable language. The Bureau shall\ninclude in the report a summary of all comparative analyses prepared by health\ncarriers pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 300gg-26(a)(8) that the Bureau requested\nduring the reporting period. This summary shall include the Bureau’s\nexplanation of whether the analyses were accepted as compliant, rejected as\nnoncompliant, or are in process of review. For analyses that were noncompliant,\nthe report shall include the corrective actions that the Bureau required the\nhealth carrier to take to come into compliance. The Bureau shall make the report\navailable to the public by, among such other means as the Bureau finds\nappropriate, posting the reports on the Bureau’s website and submit the\nreport to the House Committee on Labor and Commerce and the Senate Committee on\nCommerce and Labor.\n\nHISTORY: 1993, c. 132; 1995, c. 270; 1996, c. 41; 1997, c. 901; 1999, c. 941;\n2001, c. 460; 2004, c. 156; 2006, c. 638; 2009, cc. 813, 840; 2010, c. 693;\n2013, c. 751; 2015, c. 649; 2020, cc. 726, 847; 2022, c. 544; 2023, cc. 186,\n187; 2024, cc. 199, 360; 2025, c. 314.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}