{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/38.2-4505.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/38.2-4505.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/38.2-4505.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/38.2-4505.html"}],"law_id":80037,"edition_id":1,"section_id":80037,"structure_id":14149,"section_number":"38.2-4505","catch_line":"Liability of participants","history":"1980, c. 682, \u00a7 38.1-896; 1986, c. 562.","full_text":"A\n\nAll dentists or optometrists participating in a plan shall be jointly and severally liable on all contracts made for the purpose of the plan by the nonstock corporation as agent for them. Each contract may be executed and signed by their agent on their behalf. A contract so signed shall be binding on the principals and not on the agent.B\n\nActions for breach of these contracts may be brought against the principals by naming the agent as the sole defendant. A judgment in favor of the plaintiff may be satisfied out of the assets of the nonstock corporation or out of the assets of each of the principals.C\n\nEach participant shall be liable for his own torts and not for the torts of any other participant or of the agent.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":286642,"text":"All dentists or optometrists participating in a plan shall be jointly and severally liable on all contracts made for the purpose of the plan by the nonstock corporation as agent for them. Each contract may be executed and signed by their agent on their behalf. A contract so signed shall be binding on the principals and not on the agent.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":286643,"text":"Actions for breach of these contracts may be brought against the principals by naming the agent as the sole defendant. A judgment in favor of the plaintiff may be satisfied out of the assets of the nonstock corporation or out of the assets of each of the principals.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":286644,"text":"Each participant shall be liable for his own torts and not for the torts of any other participant or of the agent.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14149,"edition_id":1,"name":"Dental or Optometric Services Plans","identifier":"45","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12698,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:02","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:02","permalink":{"id":217051,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14149,"identifier":"45","token":"38.2\/45","url":"\/38.2\/45\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12698,"edition_id":1,"name":"Insurance","identifier":"38.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":210661,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12698,"identifier":"38.2","token":"38.2","url":"\/38.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":59325,"structure_id":14149,"section_number":"38.2-4500","catch_line":"Applicability of chapter","url":"\/38.2-4500\/","token":"38.2\/45\/38.2-4500","metadata":false},{"id":78064,"structure_id":14149,"section_number":"38.2-4501","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/38.2-4501\/","token":"38.2\/45\/38.2-4501","metadata":false},{"id":73246,"structure_id":14149,"section_number":"38.2-4502","catch_line":"Dental services plans","url":"\/38.2-4502\/","token":"38.2\/45\/38.2-4502","metadata":false},{"id":59544,"structure_id":14149,"section_number":"38.2-4503","catch_line":"Optometric services plans","url":"\/38.2-4503\/","token":"38.2\/45\/38.2-4503","metadata":false},{"id":59439,"structure_id":14149,"section_number":"38.2-4504","catch_line":"Nonstock corporation required","url":"\/38.2-4504\/","token":"38.2\/45\/38.2-4504","metadata":false},{"id":80037,"structure_id":14149,"section_number":"38.2-4505","catch_line":"Liability of 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conservation","url":"\/38.2-4509.1\/","token":"38.2\/45\/38.2-4509.1","metadata":false},{"id":82537,"structure_id":14149,"section_number":"38.2-4510","catch_line":"Quarterly reports","url":"\/38.2-4510\/","token":"38.2\/45\/38.2-4510","metadata":false},{"id":55305,"structure_id":14149,"section_number":"38.2-4511","catch_line":"Corporation's contracts with participating dentists or optometrists","url":"\/38.2-4511\/","token":"38.2\/45\/38.2-4511","metadata":false},{"id":84503,"structure_id":14149,"section_number":"38.2-4512","catch_line":"Contracts between participating dentists or optometrists and subscribers","url":"\/38.2-4512\/","token":"38.2\/45\/38.2-4512","metadata":false},{"id":81032,"structure_id":14149,"section_number":"38.2-4513","catch_line":"Subscriber to have free choice of practitioners available","url":"\/38.2-4513\/","token":"38.2\/45\/38.2-4513","metadata":false},{"id":71843,"structure_id":14149,"section_number":"38.2-4514","catch_line":"Subscriber to be advised in writing as to benefits and limitations thereon","url":"\/38.2-4514\/","token":"38.2\/45\/38.2-4514","metadata":false},{"id":58336,"structure_id":14149,"section_number":"38.2-4515","catch_line":"Geographical area","url":"\/38.2-4515\/","token":"38.2\/45\/38.2-4515","metadata":false},{"id":76374,"structure_id":14149,"section_number":"38.2-4516","catch_line":"Interplan arrangements","url":"\/38.2-4516\/","token":"38.2\/45\/38.2-4516","metadata":false},{"id":73516,"structure_id":14149,"section_number":"38.2-4517","catch_line":"Licensing of nonstock corporation","url":"\/38.2-4517\/","token":"38.2\/45\/38.2-4517","metadata":false},{"id":86358,"structure_id":14149,"section_number":"38.2-4518","catch_line":"Renewal of nonstock corporation license","url":"\/38.2-4518\/","token":"38.2\/45\/38.2-4518","metadata":false},{"id":65645,"structure_id":14149,"section_number":"38.2-4519","catch_line":"Licensing of 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required","url":"\/38.2-4504\/","token":"38.2\/45\/38.2-4504","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":57331,"structure_id":14149,"section_number":"38.2-4506","catch_line":"Terms of participation","url":"\/38.2-4506\/","token":"38.2\/45\/38.2-4506","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/38.2-4505\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1980. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 682 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1980 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 1986, chapter 562.<\/p>","references":[{"id":59439,"section_number":"38.2-4504","catch_line":"Nonstock corporation required","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-4504\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":217073,"object_type":"law","relational_id":80037,"identifier":"38.2-4505","token":"38.2\/45\/38.2-4505","url":"\/38.2-4505\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/38.2-4505\/","token":"38.2\/45\/38.2-4505","dublin_core":{"Title":"Liability of participants","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 38.2-4505","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> All dentists or optometrists participating in a plan<\/span> shall be jointly and severally liable on all contracts<\/span> made for the purpose of the plan<\/span> by the nonstock corporation<\/span> as agent for them. Each contract<\/span> may be executed and signed by their agent on their behalf. A contract<\/span> so signed shall be binding on the principals and not on the agent. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Actions for breach of these contracts<\/span> may be brought against the principals by naming the agent as the sole defendant<\/span>. A judgment<\/span> in favor of the plaintiff<\/span> may be satisfied out of the assets<\/span> of the nonstock corporation<\/span> or out of the assets<\/span> of each of the principals. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Each participant shall be liable for his own torts<\/span> and not for the torts<\/span> of any other participant or of the agent. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nLIABILITY OF PARTICIPANTS (\u00a7 38.2-4505)\n\nA. All dentists or optometrists participating in a plan shall be jointly and\nseverally liable on all contracts made for the purpose of the plan by the\nnonstock corporation as agent for them. Each contract may be executed and signed\nby their agent on their behalf. A contract so signed shall be binding on the\nprincipals and not on the agent.\n\nB. Actions for breach of these contracts may be brought against the principals\nby naming the agent as the sole defendant. A judgment in favor of the plaintiff\nmay be satisfied out of the assets of the nonstock corporation or out of the\nassets of each of the principals.\n\nC. Each participant shall be liable for his own torts and not for the torts of\nany other participant or of the agent.\n\nHISTORY: 1980, c. 682, \u00a7 38.1-896; 1986, c. 562.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}