{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/38.2-4601.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/38.2-4601.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/38.2-4601.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/38.2-4601.1.html"}],"law_id":65120,"edition_id":1,"section_id":65120,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4601.1","catch_line":"Title insurance agency or agent defined","history":"1993, c. 147; 1997, c. 426; 2001, c. 706.","full_text":"A “title insurance agency or agent” means any individual or business entity licensed in the Commonwealth, pursuant to Chapter 18 (\u00a7 38.2-1800 et seq.) of this title, as a title insurance agent and appointed by a title insurance company licensed in the Commonwealth, who shall perform all of the following services (for which liability arises) relevant to the issuance of title insurance policies, subject to the underwriting directives and guidelines of the agent’s title insurance company. These services shall include (i) the evaluation of the title search to determine the insurability of the title; (ii) a determination of whether or not underwriting objections have been cleared; (iii) the actual issuance of a title commitment or binder and endorsements; and (iv) the actual issuance of the policy or policies and endorsements on behalf of the title insurance company. A title insurance agent holding any funds in escrow shall promptly deposit such funds in a trust account in a financial institution licensed to do business in this Commonwealth. Such trust account shall be separate from all other accounts held by the agent.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":236943,"text":"A “title insurance agency or agent” means any individual or business entity licensed in the Commonwealth, pursuant to Chapter 18 (\u00a7 38.2-1800 et seq.) of this title, as a title insurance agent and appointed by a title insurance company licensed in the Commonwealth, who shall perform all of the following services (for which liability arises) relevant to the issuance of title insurance policies, subject to the underwriting directives and guidelines of the agent’s title insurance company. These services shall include (i) the evaluation of the title search to determine the insurability of the title; (ii) a determination of whether or not underwriting objections have been cleared; (iii) the actual issuance of a title commitment or binder and endorsements; and (iv) the actual issuance of the policy or policies and endorsements on behalf of the title insurance company. A title insurance agent holding any funds in escrow shall promptly deposit such funds in a trust account in a financial institution licensed to do business in this Commonwealth. Such trust account shall be separate from all other accounts held by the agent.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":13850,"edition_id":1,"name":"Title Insurance","identifier":"46","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12698,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:04","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:04","permalink":{"id":217153,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13850,"identifier":"46","token":"38.2\/46","url":"\/38.2\/46\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12698,"edition_id":1,"name":"Insurance","identifier":"38.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":210661,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12698,"identifier":"38.2","token":"38.2","url":"\/38.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":60163,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4600","catch_line":"Class of insurance and insurance companies to which chapter applies","url":"\/38.2-4600\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4600","metadata":false},{"id":61532,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4601","catch_line":"Title insurance company defined","url":"\/38.2-4601\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4601","metadata":false},{"id":65120,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4601.1","catch_line":"Title insurance agency or agent defined","url":"\/38.2-4601.1\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4601.1","metadata":false},{"id":73355,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4602","catch_line":"What laws applicable","url":"\/38.2-4602\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4602","metadata":false},{"id":55288,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4603","catch_line":"What companies may transact title insurance","url":"\/38.2-4603\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4603","metadata":false},{"id":67063,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4604","catch_line":"Investment in plant and equipment","url":"\/38.2-4604\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4604","metadata":false},{"id":54872,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4605","catch_line":"Interim binders","url":"\/38.2-4605\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4605","metadata":false},{"id":79727,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4606","catch_line":"Forms to be filed with Commission","url":"\/38.2-4606\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4606","metadata":false},{"id":60596,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4607","catch_line":"Maximum risk","url":"\/38.2-4607\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4607","metadata":false},{"id":74319,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4608","catch_line":"Title insurance rates","url":"\/38.2-4608\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4608","metadata":false},{"id":79630,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4609","catch_line":"Loss or claim reserves","url":"\/38.2-4609\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4609","metadata":false},{"id":60467,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4610","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/38.2-4610\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4610","metadata":false},{"id":80196,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4610.1","catch_line":"Unearned premium reserve","url":"\/38.2-4610.1\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4610.1","metadata":false},{"id":59674,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4610.1:1","catch_line":"Unearned premium reserves of foreign title insurance companies","url":"\/38.2-4610.1_1\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4610.1_1","metadata":false},{"id":60470,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4610.2","catch_line":"Loss reserves","url":"\/38.2-4610.2\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4610.2","metadata":false},{"id":56376,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4611","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/38.2-4611\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4611","metadata":false},{"id":77761,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4613","catch_line":"Unearned premium reserve to be held and administered for benefit of policyholders","url":"\/38.2-4613\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4613","metadata":false},{"id":78129,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4614","catch_line":"Prohibition against payment or receipt of title insurance kickbacks, rebates, commissions and other payments; penalty","url":"\/38.2-4614\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4614","metadata":false},{"id":85851,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4615","catch_line":"Exchange of information","url":"\/38.2-4615\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4615","metadata":false},{"id":57124,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4616","catch_line":"Notification to buyers of the availability of owner's title insurance","url":"\/38.2-4616\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4616","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":61532,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4601","catch_line":"Title insurance company defined","url":"\/38.2-4601\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4601","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":73355,"structure_id":13850,"section_number":"38.2-4602","catch_line":"What laws applicable","url":"\/38.2-4602\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4602","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/38.2-4601.1\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1993. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 147 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1993 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1997, chapter 426<\/a>; in 2001, chapter 706<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":67482,"section_number":"38.2-1800","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-1800\/"},{"id":82066,"section_number":"55.1-339","catch_line":"Release of deed of trust or other lien","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-339\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":67482,"section_number":"38.2-1800","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-1800\/"}],"permalink":{"id":217163,"object_type":"law","relational_id":65120,"identifier":"38.2-4601.1","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4601.1","url":"\/38.2-4601.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/38.2-4601.1\/","token":"38.2\/46\/38.2-4601.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Title insurance agency or agent defined","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 38.2-4601.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A “title insurance agency or agent” means any individual or business entity licensed in the Commonwealth, pursuant to Chapter 18 (\u00a7 38.2-1800<\/a> et seq.) of this title, as a title insurance agent and appointed by a title insurance company<\/span> licensed in the Commonwealth, who shall perform all of the following services (for which liability arises) relevant to the issuance of title insurance policies<\/span>, subject to the underwriting directives and guidelines of the agent’s title insurance company<\/span>. These services shall include (i) the evaluation of the title search to determine the insurability of the title; (ii) a determination of whether or not underwriting objections have been cleared; (iii) the actual issuance of a title commitment or binder and endorsements; and (iv) the actual issuance of the policy or policies and endorsements on behalf of the title insurance company<\/span>. A title insurance agent holding any funds in escrow shall promptly deposit such funds in a trust account in a financial institution licensed to do business in this Commonwealth. Such trust account shall be separate from all other accounts held by the agent.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nTITLE INSURANCE AGENCY OR AGENT DEFINED (\u00a7 38.2-4601.1)\n\nA “title insurance agency or agent” means any individual or business\nentity licensed in the Commonwealth, pursuant to Chapter 18 (\u00a7 38.2-1800 et\nseq.) of this title, as a title insurance agent and appointed by a title\ninsurance company licensed in the Commonwealth, who shall perform all of the\nfollowing services (for which liability arises) relevant to the issuance of\ntitle insurance policies, subject to the underwriting directives and guidelines\nof the agent’s title insurance company. These services shall include (i)\nthe evaluation of the title search to determine the insurability of the title;\n(ii) a determination of whether or not underwriting objections have been\ncleared; (iii) the actual issuance of a title commitment or binder and\nendorsements; and (iv) the actual issuance of the policy or policies and\nendorsements on behalf of the title insurance company. A title insurance agent\nholding any funds in escrow shall promptly deposit such funds in a trust account\nin a financial institution licensed to do business in this Commonwealth. Such\ntrust account shall be separate from all other accounts held by the agent.\n\nHISTORY: 1993, c. 147; 1997, c. 426; 2001, c. 706.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}