{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/38.2-5101.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/38.2-5101.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/38.2-5101.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/38.2-5101.html"}],"law_id":54348,"edition_id":1,"section_id":54348,"structure_id":13375,"section_number":"38.2-5101","catch_line":"Definitions","history":"1987, c. 585; 1992, c. 588.","full_text":"As used in this chapter:\n\t\t“Commissioner” means the commissioner, director, or superintendent of insurance in a state other than the Commonwealth of Virginia.\n\t\t“Completed operations liability” means liability arising out of the installation, maintenance, or repair of any product at a site which is not owned or controlled by (i) any person who performs that work or (ii) any person who hires an independent contractor to perform that work; but shall include liability for activities which are completed or abandoned before the date of the occurrence giving rise to the liability.\n\t\t“Domicile,” for purposes of determining the state in which a purchasing group is domiciled, means (i) for a corporation, the state in which the purchasing group is incorporated; and (ii) for an unincorporated entity, the state of its principal place of business.\n\t\t“Hazardous financial condition” means that, based on its present or reasonably anticipated financial condition, a risk retention group, although not yet financially impaired or insolvent, is unlikely to be able (i) to meet obligations to policyholders with respect to known claims and reasonably anticipated claims or (ii) to pay other obligations in the normal course of business.\n\t\t“Insurance” means primary insurance, excess insurance, reinsurance, surplus lines insurance, and any other arrangement for shifting and distributing risk which is determined to be insurance under the laws of this Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Liability” means legal liability for damages, including costs of defense, legal costs and fees, and other claims expenses, because of injuries to other persons, damage to their property, or other damage or loss to such other persons resulting from or arising out of (i) any business, whether profit or nonprofit, trade, product, services, including professional services, premises, or operations or (ii) any activity of any state or local government, or any agency or political subdivision thereof. Liability does not include personal risk liability and an employer’s liability with respect to its employees other than legal liability under the federal Employers Liability Act (45 U.S.C. \u00a7 51 et seq.).\n\t\t“Personal risk liability” means liability for damages because of injury to any person, damage to property, or other loss or damage resulting from any personal, familial, or household responsibilities or activities.\n\t\t“Plan of operation” or “feasibility study” means an analysis which presents the expected activities and results of a risk retention group including, at a minimum:\n\n1\n\nInformation sufficient to verify that its members are engaged in businesses or activities similar or related with respect to the liability to which such members are exposed by virtue of any related, similar or common business, trade, product, services, premises or operations;2\n\nFor each state in which it intends to operate, the coverages, deductibles, coverage limits, rates, and rating classification systems for each line of insurance the group intends to offer;3\n\nHistorical and expected loss experience of the proposed members and national experience of similar exposures, to the extent this experience is reasonably available;4\n\nPro forma financial statements and projections;5\n\nAppropriate opinions by a qualified independent casualty actuary, including a determination of minimum premium or participation levels required to commence operations and to prevent a hazardous financial condition;6\n\nIdentification of management, underwriting and claims procedures, marketing methods, managerial oversight methods, investment policies, and reinsurance agreements;7\n\nIdentification of each state in which the risk retention group has obtained, or sought to obtain, a charter and license, and a description of its status in each such state; and8\n\nSuch other matters as may be prescribed by the commissioner or commission for liability insurance companies authorized by the insurance laws of the state in which the risk retention group is chartered.\n\t\t\t“Product liability” means liability for damages because of any personal injury, death, emotional harm, consequential economic damage, or property damage, including damages resulting from the loss of use of property, arising out of the manufacture, design, importation, distribution, packaging, labeling, lease, or sale of a product, but does not include the liability of any person for those damages if the product involved was in the possession of such a person when the incident giving rise to the claim occurred.\n\t\t\t“Purchasing group” means any group which:1\n\nHas as one of its purposes the purchase of liability insurance on a group basis;2\n\nPurchases such insurance only for its group members and only to cover their similar or related liability exposure, as described in subdivision 3;3\n\nIs composed of members whose businesses or activities are similar or related with respect to the liability to which members are exposed by virtue of any related, similar, or common business, trade, product, services, premises, or operations; and4\n\nIs domiciled in any state.\n\t\t\t“Risk retention group” means any corporation or other limited liability association:1\n\nWhose primary activity consists of assuming and spreading all, or any portion, of the liability exposure of its group members;2\n\nWhich is organized for the primary purpose of conducting the activity described under subdivision 1;3\n\nWhich (i) is chartered and licensed as a liability insurance company and authorized to engage in the business of insurance under the laws of any state or (ii) before January 1, 1985, was chartered or licensed and authorized to engage in the business of insurance under the laws of Bermuda or the Cayman Islands and, before such date, had certified to the insurance commissioner of at least one state that it satisfied the capitalization requirements of such state, except that any such group shall be considered to be a risk retention group only if it has been engaged in business continuously since such date and only for the purpose of continuing to provide insurance to cover product liability or completed operations liability;4\n\nWhich does not exclude any person from membership in the group solely to provide for members of such a group a competitive advantage over such a person;5\n\nWhich (i) has as its members only persons who have an ownership interest in the group and which has as its owners only persons who are members who are provided insurance by the risk retention group or (ii) has as its sole member and sole owner an organization which is owned by persons who are provided insurance by the risk retention group;6\n\nWhose members are engaged in businesses or activities similar or related with respect to the liability of which such members are exposed by virtue of any related, similar, or common business, trade, product, services, premises, or operations;7\n\nWhose activities do not include the provision of insurance other than (i) liability insurance for assuming and spreading all or any portion of the liability of its group members and (ii) reinsurance with respect to the liability of any other risk retention group, or any members of such other group, which is engaged in businesses or activities so that such group or member meets the requirement described in subdivision 6 from membership in the risk retention group which provides such reinsurance; and8\n\nThe name of which includes the phrase “Risk Retention Group” and does not include deceptive or misleading words, designations or phrases.\n\t\t\t“State” means any state of the United States or the District of Columbia.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":199526,"text":"As used in this chapter:\n\t\t“Commissioner” means the commissioner, director, or superintendent of insurance in a state other than the Commonwealth of Virginia.\n\t\t“Completed operations liability” means liability arising out of the installation, maintenance, or repair of any product at a site which is not owned or controlled by (i) any person who performs that work or (ii) any person who hires an independent contractor to perform that work; but shall include liability for activities which are completed or abandoned before the date of the occurrence giving rise to the liability.\n\t\t“Domicile,” for purposes of determining the state in which a purchasing group is domiciled, means (i) for a corporation, the state in which the purchasing group is incorporated; and (ii) for an unincorporated entity, the state of its principal place of business.\n\t\t“Hazardous financial condition” means that, based on its present or reasonably anticipated financial condition, a risk retention group, although not yet financially impaired or insolvent, is unlikely to be able (i) to meet obligations to policyholders with respect to known claims and reasonably anticipated claims or (ii) to pay other obligations in the normal course of business.\n\t\t“Insurance” means primary insurance, excess insurance, reinsurance, surplus lines insurance, and any other arrangement for shifting and distributing risk which is determined to be insurance under the laws of this Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Liability” means legal liability for damages, including costs of defense, legal costs and fees, and other claims expenses, because of injuries to other persons, damage to their property, or other damage or loss to such other persons resulting from or arising out of (i) any business, whether profit or nonprofit, trade, product, services, including professional services, premises, or operations or (ii) any activity of any state or local government, or any agency or political subdivision thereof. Liability does not include personal risk liability and an employer’s liability with respect to its employees other than legal liability under the federal Employers Liability Act (45 U.S.C. \u00a7 51 et seq.).\n\t\t“Personal risk liability” means liability for damages because of injury to any person, damage to property, or other loss or damage resulting from any personal, familial, or household responsibilities or activities.\n\t\t“Plan of operation” or “feasibility study” means an analysis which presents the expected activities and results of a risk retention group including, at a minimum:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":199527,"text":"Information sufficient to verify that its members are engaged in businesses or activities similar or related with respect to the liability to which such members are exposed by virtue of any related, similar or common business, trade, product, services, premises or operations;","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":199528,"text":"For each state in which it intends to operate, the coverages, deductibles, coverage limits, rates, and rating classification systems for each line of insurance the group intends to offer;","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"3":{"id":199529,"text":"Historical and expected loss experience of the proposed members and national experience of similar exposures, to the extent this experience is reasonably available;","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"4":{"id":199530,"text":"Pro forma financial statements and projections;","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3","next_prefix":"5"},"5":{"id":199531,"text":"Appropriate opinions by a qualified independent casualty actuary, including a determination of minimum premium or participation levels required to commence operations and to prevent a hazardous financial condition;","type":"section","prefixes":["5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"5","prefix_anchor":"5","level":1,"prior_prefix":"4","next_prefix":"6"},"6":{"id":199532,"text":"Identification of management, underwriting and claims procedures, marketing methods, managerial oversight methods, investment policies, and reinsurance agreements;","type":"section","prefixes":["6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"6","prefix_anchor":"6","level":1,"prior_prefix":"5","next_prefix":"7"},"7":{"id":199533,"text":"Identification of each state in which the risk retention group has obtained, or sought to obtain, a charter and license, and a description of its status in each such state; and","type":"section","prefixes":["7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"7","prefix_anchor":"7","level":1,"prior_prefix":"6","next_prefix":"8"},"8":{"id":199534,"text":"Such other matters as may be prescribed by the commissioner or commission for liability insurance companies authorized by the insurance laws of the state in which the risk retention group is chartered.\n\t\t\t“Product liability” means liability for damages because of any personal injury, death, emotional harm, consequential economic damage, or property damage, including damages resulting from the loss of use of property, arising out of the manufacture, design, importation, distribution, packaging, labeling, lease, or sale of a product, but does not include the liability of any person for those damages if the product involved was in the possession of such a person when the incident giving rise to the claim occurred.\n\t\t\t“Purchasing group” means any group which:","type":"section","prefixes":["8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"8","prefix_anchor":"8","level":1,"prior_prefix":"7","next_prefix":"1"},"9":{"id":199535,"text":"Has as one of its purposes the purchase of liability insurance on a group basis;","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"8","next_prefix":"2"},"10":{"id":199536,"text":"Purchases such insurance only for its group members and only to cover their similar or related liability exposure, as described in subdivision 3;","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"11":{"id":199537,"text":"Is composed of members whose businesses or activities are similar or related with respect to the liability to which members are exposed by virtue of any related, similar, or common business, trade, product, services, premises, or operations; and","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"12":{"id":199538,"text":"Is domiciled in any state.\n\t\t\t“Risk retention group” means any corporation or other limited liability association:","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3","next_prefix":"1"},"13":{"id":199539,"text":"Whose primary activity consists of assuming and spreading all, or any portion, of the liability exposure of its group members;","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"4","next_prefix":"2"},"14":{"id":199540,"text":"Which is organized for the primary purpose of conducting the activity described under subdivision 1;","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"15":{"id":199541,"text":"Which (i) is chartered and licensed as a liability insurance company and authorized to engage in the business of insurance under the laws of any state or (ii) before January 1, 1985, was chartered or licensed and authorized to engage in the business of insurance under the laws of Bermuda or the Cayman Islands and, before such date, had certified to the insurance commissioner of at least one state that it satisfied the capitalization requirements of such state, except that any such group shall be considered to be a risk retention group only if it has been engaged in business continuously since such date and only for the purpose of continuing to provide insurance to cover product liability or completed operations liability;","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"16":{"id":199542,"text":"Which does not exclude any person from membership in the group solely to provide for members of such a group a competitive advantage over such a person;","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3","next_prefix":"5"},"17":{"id":199543,"text":"Which (i) has as its members only persons who have an ownership interest in the group and which has as its owners only persons who are members who are provided insurance by the risk retention group or (ii) has as its sole member and sole owner an organization which is owned by persons who are provided insurance by the risk retention group;","type":"section","prefixes":["5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"5","prefix_anchor":"5","level":1,"prior_prefix":"4","next_prefix":"6"},"18":{"id":199544,"text":"Whose members are engaged in businesses or activities similar or related with respect to the liability of which such members are exposed by virtue of any related, similar, or common business, trade, product, services, premises, or operations;","type":"section","prefixes":["6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"6","prefix_anchor":"6","level":1,"prior_prefix":"5","next_prefix":"7"},"19":{"id":199545,"text":"Whose activities do not include the provision of insurance other than (i) liability insurance for assuming and spreading all or any portion of the liability of its group members and (ii) reinsurance with respect to the liability of any other risk retention group, or any members of such other group, which is engaged in businesses or activities so that such group or member meets the requirement described in subdivision 6 from membership in the risk retention group which provides such reinsurance; and","type":"section","prefixes":["7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"7","prefix_anchor":"7","level":1,"prior_prefix":"6","next_prefix":"8"},"20":{"id":199546,"text":"The name of which includes the phrase “Risk Retention Group” and does not include deceptive or misleading words, designations or phrases.\n\t\t\t“State” means any state of the United States or the District of Columbia.","type":"section","prefixes":["8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"8","prefix_anchor":"8","level":1,"prior_prefix":"7"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13375,"edition_id":1,"name":"Risk Retention Groups and Purchasing Groups","identifier":"51","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12698,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:44","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:44","permalink":{"id":217707,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13375,"identifier":"51","token":"38.2\/51","url":"\/38.2\/51\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12698,"edition_id":1,"name":"Insurance","identifier":"38.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":210661,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12698,"identifier":"38.2","token":"38.2","url":"\/38.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":72747,"structure_id":13375,"section_number":"38.2-5100","catch_line":"Purpose","url":"\/38.2-5100\/","token":"38.2\/51\/38.2-5100","metadata":false},{"id":54348,"structure_id":13375,"section_number":"38.2-5101","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/38.2-5101\/","token":"38.2\/51\/38.2-5101","metadata":false},{"id":80474,"structure_id":13375,"section_number":"38.2-5102","catch_line":"Risk retention groups chartered in this Commonwealth","url":"\/38.2-5102\/","token":"38.2\/51\/38.2-5102","metadata":false},{"id":87356,"structure_id":13375,"section_number":"38.2-5103","catch_line":"Risk retention groups not chartered in this Commonwealth","url":"\/38.2-5103\/","token":"38.2\/51\/38.2-5103","metadata":false},{"id":55046,"structure_id":13375,"section_number":"38.2-5104","catch_line":"Associations","url":"\/38.2-5104\/","token":"38.2\/51\/38.2-5104","metadata":false},{"id":75270,"structure_id":13375,"section_number":"38.2-5105","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/38.2-5105\/","token":"38.2\/51\/38.2-5105","metadata":false},{"id":55239,"structure_id":13375,"section_number":"38.2-5106","catch_line":"Purchasing groups; exemption from certain laws relating to the group purchase of insurance","url":"\/38.2-5106\/","token":"38.2\/51\/38.2-5106","metadata":false},{"id":66043,"structure_id":13375,"section_number":"38.2-5107","catch_line":"Insurers; exemptions from certain laws relating to the group purchase of insurance","url":"\/38.2-5107\/","token":"38.2\/51\/38.2-5107","metadata":false},{"id":71850,"structure_id":13375,"section_number":"38.2-5108","catch_line":"Notice and registration requirements of purchasing groups","url":"\/38.2-5108\/","token":"38.2\/51\/38.2-5108","metadata":false},{"id":85715,"structure_id":13375,"section_number":"38.2-5109","catch_line":"Restrictions on insurance purchased by purchasing groups","url":"\/38.2-5109\/","token":"38.2\/51\/38.2-5109","metadata":false},{"id":58610,"structure_id":13375,"section_number":"38.2-5110","catch_line":"Commission's authority regarding risk retention groups and purchasing groups","url":"\/38.2-5110\/","token":"38.2\/51\/38.2-5110","metadata":false},{"id":84645,"structure_id":13375,"section_number":"38.2-5111","catch_line":"Penalties","url":"\/38.2-5111\/","token":"38.2\/51\/38.2-5111","metadata":false},{"id":62188,"structure_id":13375,"section_number":"38.2-5112","catch_line":"Duty on agents or brokers","url":"\/38.2-5112\/","token":"38.2\/51\/38.2-5112","metadata":false},{"id":81720,"structure_id":13375,"section_number":"38.2-5113","catch_line":"Financial responsibility policy form or coverage requirements","url":"\/38.2-5113\/","token":"38.2\/51\/38.2-5113","metadata":false},{"id":66351,"structure_id":13375,"section_number":"38.2-5114","catch_line":"Application of other state laws to persons or corporations","url":"\/38.2-5114\/","token":"38.2\/51\/38.2-5114","metadata":false},{"id":73111,"structure_id":13375,"section_number":"38.2-5115","catch_line":"Binding effect of orders issued in U.S. District Court","url":"\/38.2-5115\/","token":"38.2\/51\/38.2-5115","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":72747,"structure_id":13375,"section_number":"38.2-5100","catch_line":"Purpose","url":"\/38.2-5100\/","token":"38.2\/51\/38.2-5100","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":80474,"structure_id":13375,"section_number":"38.2-5102","catch_line":"Risk retention groups chartered in this Commonwealth","url":"\/38.2-5102\/","token":"38.2\/51\/38.2-5102","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/38.2-5101\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1987. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 585 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1987 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 1992, chapter 588.<\/p>","references":[{"id":84358,"section_number":"38.2-1341","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-1341\/"},{"id":58581,"section_number":"38.2-4805.2","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-4805.2\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":217713,"object_type":"law","relational_id":54348,"identifier":"38.2-5101","token":"38.2\/51\/38.2-5101","url":"\/38.2-5101\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/38.2-5101\/","token":"38.2\/51\/38.2-5101","dublin_core":{"Title":"Definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 38.2-5101","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

As used in this chapter:\n\t\t“Commissioner<\/span>” means the commissioner<\/span>, director, or superintendent of insurance<\/span> in a state<\/span> other than the Commonwealth of Virginia.\n\t\t“Completed operations liability<\/span>” means liability arising out of the installation, maintenance, or repair of any product at a site which is not owned or controlled by (i) any person<\/span> who performs that work or (ii) any person<\/span> who hires an independent contractor to perform that work; but shall include liability for activities which are completed or abandoned before the date of the occurrence giving rise to the liability.\n\t\t“Domicile,” for purposes of determining the state<\/span> in which a purchasing group<\/span> is domiciled, means (i) for a corporation, the state<\/span> in which the purchasing group<\/span> is incorporated; and (ii) for an unincorporated entity, the state<\/span> of its principal place of business.\n\t\t“Hazardous financial condition<\/span>” means that, based on its present or reasonably anticipated financial condition, a risk retention group<\/span>, although not yet financially impaired or insolvent, is unlikely to be able (i) to meet obligations to policyholders with respect to known claims and reasonably anticipated claims or (ii) to pay other obligations in the normal course of business.\n\t\t“Insurance<\/span>” means primary insurance<\/span>, excess insurance<\/span>, reinsurance, surplus lines insurance<\/span>, and any other arrangement for shifting and distributing risk which is determined to be insurance<\/span> under the laws<\/span> of this Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Liability” means legal liability for damages<\/span>, including costs of defense, legal costs and fees, and other claims expenses, because of injuries to other persons<\/span>, damage to their property, or other damage or loss to such other persons<\/span> resulting from or arising out of (i) any business, whether profit or nonprofit, trade, product, services, including professional services, premises, or operations or (ii) any activity of any state<\/span> or local government, or any agency or political subdivision thereof. Liability does not include personal risk liability<\/span> and an employer’s liability with respect to its employees other than legal liability under the federal Employers Liability Act (45 U.S.C. \u00a7 51 et seq.).\n\t\t“Personal risk liability<\/span>” means liability for damages<\/span> because of injury to any person<\/span>, damage to property, or other loss or damage resulting from any personal, familial, or household responsibilities or activities.\n\t\t“Plan of operation<\/span>” or “feasibility study<\/span>” means an analysis which presents the expected activities and results of a risk retention group<\/span> including, at a minimum:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Information sufficient to verify that its members are engaged in businesses or activities similar or related with respect to the liability to which such members are exposed by virtue of any related, similar or common business, trade, product, services, premises or operations; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> For each state<\/span> in which it intends to operate, the coverages, deductibles, coverage limits, rates<\/span><\/span>, and rating classification systems for each line of insurance<\/span> the group intends to offer; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Historical and expected loss experience of the proposed members and national experience of similar exposures, to the extent this experience is reasonably available; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Pro forma financial statements and projections; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Appropriate opinions<\/span> by a qualified independent casualty actuary, including a determination of minimum premium or participation levels required to commence operations and to prevent a hazardous financial condition<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> Identification of management, underwriting and claims procedures, marketing methods, managerial oversight methods, investment policies, and reinsurance agreements; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> Identification of each state<\/span> in which the risk retention group<\/span> has obtained, or sought to obtain, a charter and license, and a description of its status in each such state<\/span>; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> Such other matters as may be prescribed by the commissioner<\/span> or commission<\/span> for liability insurance<\/span> companies authorized by the insurance<\/span> laws<\/span> of the state<\/span> in which the risk retention group<\/span> is chartered.\n\t\t\t“Product liability<\/span>” means liability for damages<\/span> because of any personal injury, death, emotional harm, consequential economic damage, or property damage, including damages<\/span> resulting from the loss of use of property, arising out of the manufacture, design, importation, distribution, packaging, labeling, lease, or sale of a product, but does not include the liability of any person<\/span> for those damages<\/span> if the product involved was in the possession<\/span> of such a person<\/span> when the incident giving rise to the claim occurred.\n\t\t\t“Purchasing group<\/span>” means any group which: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Has as one of its purposes the purchase of liability insurance<\/span> on a group basis; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Purchases such insurance<\/span> only for its group members and only to cover their similar or related liability exposure, as described in subdivision 3; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Is composed of members whose businesses or activities are similar or related with respect to the liability to which members are exposed by virtue of any related, similar, or common business, trade, product, services, premises, or operations; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Is domiciled in any state<\/span>.\n\t\t\t“Risk retention group<\/span>” means any corporation or other limited liability association: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Whose primary activity consists of assuming and spreading all, or any portion, of the liability exposure of its group members; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Which is organized for the primary purpose of conducting the activity described under subdivision 1; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Which (i) is chartered and licensed as a liability insurance company<\/span> and authorized to engage in the business of insurance under the laws<\/span> of any state<\/span> or (ii) before January 1, 1985, was chartered or licensed and authorized to engage in the business of insurance under the laws<\/span> of Bermuda or the Cayman Islands and, before such date, had certified to the insurance commissioner<\/span> of at least one state<\/span> that it satisfied the capitalization requirements of such state<\/span>, except that any such group shall be considered to be a risk retention group<\/span> only if it has been engaged in business continuously since such date and only for the purpose of continuing to provide insurance to cover product liability<\/span> or completed operations liability<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Which does not exclude any person<\/span> from membership in the group solely to provide for members of such a group a competitive advantage over such a person<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Which (i) has as its members only persons<\/span> who have an ownership interest in the group and which has as its owners only persons<\/span> who are members who are provided insurance by the risk retention group<\/span> or (ii) has as its sole member and sole owner an organization which is owned by persons<\/span> who are provided insurance by the risk retention group<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> Whose members are engaged in businesses or activities similar or related with respect to the liability of which such members are exposed by virtue of any related, similar, or common business, trade, product, services, premises, or operations; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> Whose activities do not include the provision of insurance other than (i) liability insurance for assuming and spreading all or any portion of the liability of its group members and (ii) reinsurance with respect to the liability of any other risk retention group<\/span>, or any members of such other group, which is engaged in businesses or activities so that such group or member meets the requirement described in subdivision 6 from membership in the risk retention group<\/span> which provides such reinsurance; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> The name of which includes the phrase “Risk Retention Group<\/span>” and does not include deceptive or misleading words, designations or phrases.\n\t\t\t“State<\/span>” means any state<\/span> of the United States<\/span> or the District of Columbia. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFINITIONS (\u00a7 38.2-5101)\n\nAs used in this chapter:\n\t\t“Commissioner” means the commissioner, director, or superintendent\nof insurance in a state other than the Commonwealth of Virginia.\n\t\t“Completed operations liability” means liability arising out of\nthe installation, maintenance, or repair of any product at a site which is not\nowned or controlled by (i) any person who performs that work or (ii) any person\nwho hires an independent contractor to perform that work; but shall include\nliability for activities which are completed or abandoned before the date of the\noccurrence giving rise to the liability.\n\t\t“Domicile,” for purposes of determining the state in which a\npurchasing group is domiciled, means (i) for a corporation, the state in which\nthe purchasing group is incorporated; and (ii) for an unincorporated entity, the\nstate of its principal place of business.\n\t\t“Hazardous financial condition” means that, based on its present\nor reasonably anticipated financial condition, a risk retention group, although\nnot yet financially impaired or insolvent, is unlikely to be able (i) to meet\nobligations to policyholders with respect to known claims and reasonably\nanticipated claims or (ii) to pay other obligations in the normal course of\nbusiness.\n\t\t“Insurance” means primary insurance, excess insurance,\nreinsurance, surplus lines insurance, and any other arrangement for shifting and\ndistributing risk which is determined to be insurance under the laws of this\nCommonwealth.\n\t\t“Liability” means legal liability for damages, including costs of\ndefense, legal costs and fees, and other claims expenses, because of injuries to\nother persons, damage to their property, or other damage or loss to such other\npersons resulting from or arising out of (i) any business, whether profit or\nnonprofit, trade, product, services, including professional services, premises,\nor operations or (ii) any activity of any state or local government, or any\nagency or political subdivision thereof. Liability does not include personal\nrisk liability and an employer’s liability with respect to its employees\nother than legal liability under the federal Employers Liability Act (45 U.S.C.\n\u00a7 51 et seq.).\n\t\t“Personal risk liability” means liability for damages because of\ninjury to any person, damage to property, or other loss or damage resulting from\nany personal, familial, or household responsibilities or activities.\n\t\t“Plan of operation” or “feasibility study” means an\nanalysis which presents the expected activities and results of a risk retention\ngroup including, at a minimum:\n\n1. Information sufficient to verify that its members are engaged in businesses\nor activities similar or related with respect to the liability to which such\nmembers are exposed by virtue of any related, similar or common business, trade,\nproduct, services, premises or operations;\n\n2. For each state in which it intends to operate, the coverages, deductibles,\ncoverage limits, rates, and rating classification systems for each line of\ninsurance the group intends to offer;\n\n3. Historical and expected loss experience of the proposed members and national\nexperience of similar exposures, to the extent this experience is reasonably\navailable;\n\n4. Pro forma financial statements and projections;\n\n5. Appropriate opinions by a qualified independent casualty actuary, including a\ndetermination of minimum premium or participation levels required to commence\noperations and to prevent a hazardous financial condition;\n\n6. Identification of management, underwriting and claims procedures, marketing\nmethods, managerial oversight methods, investment policies, and reinsurance\nagreements;\n\n7. Identification of each state in which the risk retention group has obtained,\nor sought to obtain, a charter and license, and a description of its status in\neach such state; and\n\n8. Such other matters as may be prescribed by the commissioner or commission for\nliability insurance companies authorized by the insurance laws of the state in\nwhich the risk retention group is chartered.\n\t\t\t“Product liability” means liability for damages because of any\npersonal injury, death, emotional harm, consequential economic damage, or\nproperty damage, including damages resulting from the loss of use of property,\narising out of the manufacture, design, importation, distribution, packaging,\nlabeling, lease, or sale of a product, but does not include the liability of any\nperson for those damages if the product involved was in the possession of such a\nperson when the incident giving rise to the claim occurred.\n\t\t\t“Purchasing group” means any group which:\n\n1. Has as one of its purposes the purchase of liability insurance on a group\nbasis;\n\n2. Purchases such insurance only for its group members and only to cover their\nsimilar or related liability exposure, as described in subdivision 3;\n\n3. Is composed of members whose businesses or activities are similar or related\nwith respect to the liability to which members are exposed by virtue of any\nrelated, similar, or common business, trade, product, services, premises, or\noperations; and\n\n4. Is domiciled in any state.\n\t\t\t“Risk retention group” means any corporation or other limited\nliability association:\n\n1. Whose primary activity consists of assuming and spreading all, or any\nportion, of the liability exposure of its group members;\n\n2. Which is organized for the primary purpose of conducting the activity\ndescribed under subdivision 1;\n\n3. Which (i) is chartered and licensed as a liability insurance company and\nauthorized to engage in the business of insurance under the laws of any state or\n(ii) before January 1, 1985, was chartered or licensed and authorized to engage\nin the business of insurance under the laws of Bermuda or the Cayman Islands\nand, before such date, had certified to the insurance commissioner of at least\none state that it satisfied the capitalization requirements of such state,\nexcept that any such group shall be considered to be a risk retention group only\nif it has been engaged in business continuously since such date and only for the\npurpose of continuing to provide insurance to cover product liability or\ncompleted operations liability;\n\n4. Which does not exclude any person from membership in the group solely to\nprovide for members of such a group a competitive advantage over such a person;\n\n5. Which (i) has as its members only persons who have an ownership interest in\nthe group and which has as its owners only persons who are members who are\nprovided insurance by the risk retention group or (ii) has as its sole member\nand sole owner an organization which is owned by persons who are provided\ninsurance by the risk retention group;\n\n6. Whose members are engaged in businesses or activities similar or related with\nrespect to the liability of which such members are exposed by virtue of any\nrelated, similar, or common business, trade, product, services, premises, or\noperations;\n\n7. Whose activities do not include the provision of insurance other than (i)\nliability insurance for assuming and spreading all or any portion of the\nliability of its group members and (ii) reinsurance with respect to the\nliability of any other risk retention group, or any members of such other group,\nwhich is engaged in businesses or activities so that such group or member meets\nthe requirement described in subdivision 6 from membership in the risk retention\ngroup which provides such reinsurance; and\n\n8. The name of which includes the phrase “Risk Retention Group” and\ndoes not include deceptive or misleading words, designations or phrases.\n\t\t\t“State” means any state of the United States or the District of\nColumbia.\n\nHISTORY: 1987, c. 585; 1992, c. 588.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}