{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/38.2-612.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/38.2-612.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/38.2-612.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/38.2-612.html"}],"law_id":60819,"edition_id":1,"section_id":60819,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-612","catch_line":"Bases for adverse underwriting decisions","history":"1981, c. 389, \u00a7 38.1-57.15; 1986, c. 562; 1990, c. 524; 2003, c. 415.","full_text":"A\n\nNo insurance institution or agent may base an adverse underwriting decision in whole or in part:1\n\nOn the fact of a previous adverse underwriting decision or on the fact that an individual previously obtained insurance coverage through a residual market mechanism. However, an insurance institution or agent may base an adverse underwriting decision on further information obtained from an insurance institution or agent responsible for a previous adverse underwriting decision;2\n\nOn personal information received from an insurance-support organization whose primary source of information is insurance institutions. However, an insurance institution or agent may base an adverse underwriting decision on further personal information obtained as the result of information received from an insurance-support organization; or3\n\nOn the fact that an individual previously obtained insurance coverage from a particular insurance institution or agent.B\n\nNo insurance institution or agent may base an adverse underwriting decision solely on the loss history of a previous owner of the property to be insured.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":222326,"text":"No insurance institution or agent may base an adverse underwriting decision in whole or in part:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":222327,"text":"On the fact of a previous adverse underwriting decision or on the fact that an individual previously obtained insurance coverage through a residual market mechanism. However, an insurance institution or agent may base an adverse underwriting decision on further information obtained from an insurance institution or agent responsible for a previous adverse underwriting decision;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":222328,"text":"On personal information received from an insurance-support organization whose primary source of information is insurance institutions. However, an insurance institution or agent may base an adverse underwriting decision on further personal information obtained as the result of information received from an insurance-support organization; or","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":222329,"text":"On the fact that an individual previously obtained insurance coverage from a particular insurance institution or agent.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"B"},"4":{"id":222330,"text":"No insurance institution or agent may base an adverse underwriting decision solely on the loss history of a previous owner of the property to be insured.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14255,"edition_id":1,"name":"Collection, Use, and Dissemination of Information","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12922,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:28","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:28","permalink":{"id":218015,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14255,"identifier":"1","token":"38.2\/6\/1","url":"\/38.2\/6\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12922,"edition_id":1,"name":"Insurance Information and Privacy Protection","identifier":"6","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12698,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:01","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:01","permalink":{"id":218013,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12922,"identifier":"6","token":"38.2\/6","url":"\/38.2\/6\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12698,"edition_id":1,"name":"Insurance","identifier":"38.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":210661,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12698,"identifier":"38.2","token":"38.2","url":"\/38.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":64742,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-600","catch_line":"Purposes","url":"\/38.2-600\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-600","metadata":false},{"id":61470,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-601","catch_line":"Application of article","url":"\/38.2-601\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-601","metadata":false},{"id":73837,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-602","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/38.2-602\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-602","metadata":false},{"id":63985,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-603","catch_line":"Pretext interviews","url":"\/38.2-603\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-603","metadata":false},{"id":85852,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-604","catch_line":"Notice of information collection and disclosure practices","url":"\/38.2-604\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-604","metadata":false},{"id":64388,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-604.1","catch_line":"Notice of financial information collection and disclosure practices","url":"\/38.2-604.1\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-604.1","metadata":false},{"id":79870,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-605","catch_line":"Marketing and research surveys","url":"\/38.2-605\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-605","metadata":false},{"id":64763,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-606","catch_line":"Content of disclosure authorization forms","url":"\/38.2-606\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-606","metadata":false},{"id":69670,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-607","catch_line":"Investigative consumer reports","url":"\/38.2-607\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-607","metadata":false},{"id":81752,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-608","catch_line":"Access to recorded personal information","url":"\/38.2-608\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-608","metadata":false},{"id":56196,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-609","catch_line":"Correction, amendment, or deletion of recorded personal information","url":"\/38.2-609\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-609","metadata":false},{"id":83133,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-610","catch_line":"Notice of adverse underwriting decision; furnishing reasons for decisions and sources of information","url":"\/38.2-610\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-610","metadata":false},{"id":77789,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-611","catch_line":"Information concerning previous adverse underwriting decisions","url":"\/38.2-611\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-611","metadata":false},{"id":60819,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-612","catch_line":"Bases for adverse underwriting decisions","url":"\/38.2-612\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-612","metadata":false},{"id":64433,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-612.1","catch_line":"Special requirements for providing financial information to nonaffiliated third parties","url":"\/38.2-612.1\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-612.1","metadata":false},{"id":56355,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-612.2","catch_line":"Protection of the Fair Credit Reporting Act","url":"\/38.2-612.2\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-612.2","metadata":false},{"id":55493,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-613","catch_line":"Disclosure limitations and conditions","url":"\/38.2-613\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-613","metadata":false},{"id":85509,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-613.01","catch_line":"Commission to promulgate regulations on disclosure of certain medical test results to insurance applicants","url":"\/38.2-613.01\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-613.01","metadata":false},{"id":58399,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-613.1","catch_line":"Disclosure of agent's moratorium required","url":"\/38.2-613.1\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-613.1","metadata":false},{"id":73940,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-613.2","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/38.2-613.2\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-613.2","metadata":false},{"id":78057,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-614","catch_line":"Powers of Commission","url":"\/38.2-614\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-614","metadata":false},{"id":84055,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-615","catch_line":"Hearings and procedures","url":"\/38.2-615\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-615","metadata":false},{"id":68943,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-616","catch_line":"Service of process on insurance-support organizations","url":"\/38.2-616\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-616","metadata":false},{"id":73310,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-617","catch_line":"Individual remedies","url":"\/38.2-617\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-617","metadata":false},{"id":67050,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-618","catch_line":"Immunity of persons disclosing information","url":"\/38.2-618\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-618","metadata":false},{"id":79983,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-619","catch_line":"Obtaining information under false pretenses","url":"\/38.2-619\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-619","metadata":false},{"id":78715,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-620","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/38.2-620\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-620","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":77789,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-611","catch_line":"Information concerning previous adverse underwriting decisions","url":"\/38.2-611\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-611","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":64433,"structure_id":14255,"section_number":"38.2-612.1","catch_line":"Special requirements for providing financial information to nonaffiliated third parties","url":"\/38.2-612.1\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-612.1","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/38.2-612\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1981. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 389 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1981 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1986, chapter 562; in 1990, chapter 524; in 2003, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?031+ful+CHAP0415\">415<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":218069,"object_type":"law","relational_id":60819,"identifier":"38.2-612","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-612","url":"\/38.2-612\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/38.2-612\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-612","dublin_core":{"Title":"Bases for adverse underwriting decisions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 38.2-612","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> No <span class=\"dictionary\">insurance institution<\/span> or <span class=\"dictionary\">agent<\/span> may base an adverse underwriting decision in whole or in part: <a id=\"paragraph-222326\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/38.2-612\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A1\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">1.<\/span> On the <span class=\"dictionary\">fact<\/span> of a previous adverse underwriting decision or on the <span class=\"dictionary\">fact<\/span> that an <span class=\"dictionary\">individual<\/span> previously obtained insurance coverage through a <span class=\"dictionary\">residual market mechanism<\/span>. However, an <span class=\"dictionary\">insurance institution<\/span> or <span class=\"dictionary\">agent<\/span> may base an adverse underwriting decision on further information obtained from an <span class=\"dictionary\">insurance institution<\/span> or <span class=\"dictionary\">agent<\/span> responsible for a previous adverse underwriting decision; <a id=\"paragraph-222327\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/38.2-612\/#A1\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A2\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">2.<\/span> On <span class=\"dictionary\">personal information<\/span> received from an <span class=\"dictionary\">insurance-support organization<\/span> whose primary source of information is <span class=\"dictionary\">insurance institutions<\/span>. However, an <span class=\"dictionary\">insurance institution<\/span> or <span class=\"dictionary\">agent<\/span> may base an adverse underwriting decision on further <span class=\"dictionary\">personal information<\/span> obtained as the result of information received from an <span class=\"dictionary\">insurance-support organization<\/span>; or <a id=\"paragraph-222328\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/38.2-612\/#A2\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A3\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">3.<\/span> On the <span class=\"dictionary\">fact<\/span> that an <span class=\"dictionary\">individual<\/span> previously obtained insurance coverage from a particular <span class=\"dictionary\">insurance institution<\/span> or <span class=\"dictionary\">agent<\/span>. <a id=\"paragraph-222329\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/38.2-612\/#A3\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> No <span class=\"dictionary\">insurance institution<\/span> or <span class=\"dictionary\">agent<\/span> may base an adverse underwriting decision solely on the loss history of a previous owner of the property to be insured. <a id=\"paragraph-222330\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/38.2-612\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nBASES FOR ADVERSE UNDERWRITING DECISIONS (\u00a7 38.2-612)\n\nA. No insurance institution or agent may base an adverse underwriting decision\nin whole or in part:\n\n   1. On the fact of a previous adverse underwriting decision or on the fact that\n   an individual previously obtained insurance coverage through a residual market\n   mechanism. However, an insurance institution or agent may base an adverse\n   underwriting decision on further information obtained from an insurance\n   institution or agent responsible for a previous adverse underwriting decision;\n\n   2. On personal information received from an insurance-support organization\n   whose primary source of information is insurance institutions. However, an\n   insurance institution or agent may base an adverse underwriting decision on\n   further personal information obtained as the result of information received\n   from an insurance-support organization; or\n\n   3. On the fact that an individual previously obtained insurance coverage from\n   a particular insurance institution or agent.\n\nB. No insurance institution or agent may base an adverse underwriting decision\nsolely on the loss history of a previous owner of the property to be insured.\n\nHISTORY: 1981, c. 389, \u00a7 38.1-57.15; 1986, c. 562; 1990, c. 524; 2003, c. 415.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}