{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/4.1-213.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/4.1-213.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/4.1-213.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/4.1-213.html"}],"law_id":70957,"edition_id":1,"section_id":70957,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-213","catch_line":"Manufacture and sale of cider","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 4-27; 1978, c. 174; 1980, c. 324; 1992, c. 349; 1993, c. 866; 2011, cc. 265, 288; 2014, c. 787; 2015, c. 412; 2017, c. 160.","full_text":"A\n\nAny winery licensee or farm winery licensee may manufacture and sell cider to (i) the Board, (ii) any wholesale wine licensee, and (iii) persons outside the Commonwealth.B\n\nAny wholesale wine licensee may acquire and receive shipments of cider, and sell and deliver and ship the cider in accordance with Board regulations to (i) the Board, (ii) any wholesale wine licensee, (iii) any retail licensee approved by the Board for the purpose of selling cider, and (iv) persons outside the Commonwealth for resale outside the Commonwealth.C\n\nAny licensee authorized to sell alcoholic beverages at retail may sell cider in the same manner and to the same persons, and subject to the same limitations and conditions, as such license authorizes him to sell other alcoholic beverages.D\n\nCider containing less than seven percent of alcohol by volume may be sold in any containers that comply with federal regulations for wine or beer, provided such containers are labeled in accordance with Board regulations. Cider containing seven percent or more of alcohol by volume may be sold in any containers that comply with federal regulations for wine, provided such containers are labeled in accordance with Board regulations.E\n\nNo additional license fees shall be charged for the privilege of handling cider.F\n\nThe Board shall collect such markup as it deems appropriate on all cider manufactured or sold, or both, in the Commonwealth.G\n\nThe Board shall adopt regulations relating to the manufacture, possession, transportation and sale of cider as it deems necessary to prevent any unlawful manufacture, possession, transportation or sale of cider and to ensure that the markup required to be paid will be collected.H\n\nFor the purposes of this section:\n\t\t\t“Chaptalization” means a method of increasing the alcohol in a wine by adding sugar to the must before or during fermentation.\n\t\t\t“Cider” means any beverage, carbonated or otherwise, obtained by the fermentation of the natural sugar content of apples or pears (i) containing not more than 10 percent of alcohol by volume without chaptalization or (ii) containing not more than seven percent of alcohol by volume regardless of chaptalization. Cider shall be treated as wine for all purposes of this subtitle, except as otherwise provided in this subtitle or Board regulations.I\n\nThis section shall not limit the privileges set forth in subdivision 8 of § 4.1-200, nor shall any person be denied the privilege of manufacturing and selling sweet cider.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":255891,"text":"Any winery licensee or farm winery licensee may manufacture and sell cider to (i) the Board, (ii) any wholesale wine licensee, and (iii) persons outside the Commonwealth.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":255892,"text":"Any wholesale wine licensee may acquire and receive shipments of cider, and sell and deliver and ship the cider in accordance with Board regulations to (i) the Board, (ii) any wholesale wine licensee, (iii) any retail licensee approved by the Board for the purpose of selling cider, and (iv) persons outside the Commonwealth for resale outside the Commonwealth.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":255893,"text":"Any licensee authorized to sell alcoholic beverages at retail may sell cider in the same manner and to the same persons, and subject to the same limitations and conditions, as such license authorizes him to sell other alcoholic beverages.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":255894,"text":"Cider containing less than seven percent of alcohol by volume may be sold in any containers that comply with federal regulations for wine or beer, provided such containers are labeled in accordance with Board regulations. Cider containing seven percent or more of alcohol by volume may be sold in any containers that comply with federal regulations for wine, provided such containers are labeled in accordance with Board regulations.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"4":{"id":255895,"text":"No additional license fees shall be charged for the privilege of handling cider.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"F"},"5":{"id":255896,"text":"The Board shall collect such markup as it deems appropriate on all cider manufactured or sold, or both, in the Commonwealth.","type":"section","prefixes":["F"],"prefix":"F","entire_prefix":"F","prefix_anchor":"F","level":1,"prior_prefix":"E","next_prefix":"G"},"6":{"id":255897,"text":"The Board shall adopt regulations relating to the manufacture, possession, transportation and sale of cider as it deems necessary to prevent any unlawful manufacture, possession, transportation or sale of cider and to ensure that the markup required to be paid will be collected.","type":"section","prefixes":["G"],"prefix":"G","entire_prefix":"G","prefix_anchor":"G","level":1,"prior_prefix":"F","next_prefix":"H"},"7":{"id":255898,"text":"For the purposes of this section:\n\t\t\t“Chaptalization” means a method of increasing the alcohol in a wine by adding sugar to the must before or during fermentation.\n\t\t\t“Cider” means any beverage, carbonated or otherwise, obtained by the fermentation of the natural sugar content of apples or pears (i) containing not more than 10 percent of alcohol by volume without chaptalization or (ii) containing not more than seven percent of alcohol by volume regardless of chaptalization. Cider shall be treated as wine for all purposes of this subtitle, except as otherwise provided in this subtitle or Board regulations.","type":"section","prefixes":["H"],"prefix":"H","entire_prefix":"H","prefix_anchor":"H","level":1,"prior_prefix":"G","next_prefix":"I"},"8":{"id":255899,"text":"This section shall not limit the privileges set forth in subdivision 8 of § 4.1-200, nor shall any person be denied the privilege of manufacturing and selling sweet cider.","type":"section","prefixes":["I"],"prefix":"I","entire_prefix":"I","prefix_anchor":"I","level":1,"prior_prefix":"H"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14859,"edition_id":1,"name":"Licenses Granted by Board; Limitations; Revocation and Suspension","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13825,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:50:26","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:50:26","permalink":{"id":218831,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14859,"identifier":"2","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2","url":"\/4.1\/I\/2\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13825,"edition_id":1,"name":"Administration of Licenses","identifier":"2","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13130,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:00","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:00","permalink":{"id":218791,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13825,"identifier":"2","token":"4.1\/I\/2","url":"\/4.1\/I\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13130,"edition_id":1,"name":"Alcoholic Beverage Control Act","identifier":"I","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13129,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:19","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:19","permalink":{"id":218571,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13130,"identifier":"I","token":"4.1\/I","url":"\/4.1\/I\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13129,"edition_id":1,"name":"Alcoholic Beverage and Cannabis Control","identifier":"4.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:19","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:19","permalink":{"id":218569,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13129,"identifier":"4.1","token":"4.1","url":"\/4.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":79854,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-206","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/4.1-206\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-206","metadata":false},{"id":85579,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-206.1","catch_line":"Manufacturer licenses","url":"\/4.1-206.1\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-206.1","metadata":false},{"id":64438,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-206.2","catch_line":"Wholesale licenses","url":"\/4.1-206.2\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-206.2","metadata":false},{"id":71341,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-206.3","catch_line":"Retail licenses","url":"\/4.1-206.3\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-206.3","metadata":false},{"id":61956,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-207","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/4.1-207\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-207","metadata":false},{"id":76919,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-207.1","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/4.1-207.1\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-207.1","metadata":false},{"id":74961,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-208","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/4.1-208\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-208","metadata":false},{"id":69143,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-209","catch_line":"Wine and beer license privileges; advertising; displays; tastings","url":"\/4.1-209\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-209","metadata":false},{"id":56854,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-209.1","catch_line":"Direct shipment of wine and beer; shipper's license","url":"\/4.1-209.1\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-209.1","metadata":false},{"id":75458,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-210","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/4.1-210\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-210","metadata":false},{"id":79818,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-211","catch_line":"Temporary licenses","url":"\/4.1-211\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-211","metadata":false},{"id":78252,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-212","catch_line":"Permits required in certain instances","url":"\/4.1-212\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-212","metadata":false},{"id":63303,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-212.1","catch_line":"Delivery of wine and beer; kegs; regulations of Board","url":"\/4.1-212.1\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-212.1","metadata":false},{"id":71769,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-212.2","catch_line":"Third-party deliveries; limitations; penalties","url":"\/4.1-212.2\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-212.2","metadata":false},{"id":70957,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-213","catch_line":"Manufacture and sale of cider","url":"\/4.1-213\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-213","metadata":false},{"id":59198,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-214","catch_line":"Limitations on licenses; sale outside the Commonwealth","url":"\/4.1-214\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-214","metadata":false},{"id":82323,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-215","catch_line":"Limitation on manufacturers, bottlers, and wholesalers; exemptions","url":"\/4.1-215\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-215","metadata":false},{"id":68333,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-216","catch_line":"Further limitations on manufacturers, bottlers, importers, brokers or wholesalers; ownership interests prohibited; exceptions; prohibited trade practices","url":"\/4.1-216\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-216","metadata":false},{"id":83813,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-216.1","catch_line":"Point-of-sale advertising materials authorized under certain conditions; civil penalties","url":"\/4.1-216.1\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-216.1","metadata":false},{"id":75252,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-217","catch_line":"Limitation on brewery licenses","url":"\/4.1-217\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-217","metadata":false},{"id":74830,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-218","catch_line":"Limitation on wine and beer importers","url":"\/4.1-218\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-218","metadata":false},{"id":67187,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-219","catch_line":"Limitations on Class I, II, III, and IV farm wineries","url":"\/4.1-219\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-219","metadata":false},{"id":77840,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-220","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/4.1-220\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-220","metadata":false},{"id":78481,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-221","catch_line":"Limitation on mixed beverage licensees; exceptions","url":"\/4.1-221\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-221","metadata":false},{"id":57397,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-221.1","catch_line":"Limitation of tasting licenses","url":"\/4.1-221.1\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-221.1","metadata":false},{"id":80682,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-222","catch_line":"Conditions under which Board may refuse to grant licenses","url":"\/4.1-222\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-222","metadata":false},{"id":86989,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-223","catch_line":"Conditions under which Board shall refuse to grant licenses","url":"\/4.1-223\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-223","metadata":false},{"id":59746,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-224","catch_line":"Notice and hearings for refusal to grant licenses; Administrative Process Act; exceptions","url":"\/4.1-224\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-224","metadata":false},{"id":56780,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-225","catch_line":"Grounds for which Board may suspend or revoke licenses; exception","url":"\/4.1-225\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-225","metadata":false},{"id":59182,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-225.1","catch_line":"Summary suspension in emergency circumstances; grounds; notice and hearing","url":"\/4.1-225.1\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-225.1","metadata":false},{"id":70174,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-226","catch_line":"Grounds for which Board shall suspend or revoke licenses","url":"\/4.1-226\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-226","metadata":false},{"id":79871,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-227","catch_line":"Suspension or revocation of licenses; notice and hearings; imposition of penalties","url":"\/4.1-227\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-227","metadata":false},{"id":74907,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-228","catch_line":"Suspension or revocation; disposition of beverages on hand; termination","url":"\/4.1-228\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-228","metadata":false},{"id":84633,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-229","catch_line":"Suspension or revocation of permits; grounds; notice and hearing; exception","url":"\/4.1-229\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-229","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":71769,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-212.2","catch_line":"Third-party deliveries; limitations; penalties","url":"\/4.1-212.2\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-212.2","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":59198,"structure_id":14859,"section_number":"4.1-214","catch_line":"Limitations on licenses; sale outside the Commonwealth","url":"\/4.1-214\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-214","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/4.1-213\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 8 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1978, chapter 174; in 1980, chapter 324; in 1992, chapter 349; in 1993, chapter 866; in 2011, chapters 265<\/a> and 288<\/a>; in 2014, chapter 787<\/a>; in 2015, chapter 412<\/a>; in 2017, chapter 160<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":57122,"section_number":"4.1-235","catch_line":"Collection; computation, distribution of tax on wine and other alcoholic beverages; refunds and adjustments","order_by":null,"url":"\/4.1-235\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":78528,"section_number":"4.1-200","catch_line":"Exemptions from licensure","order_by":null,"url":"\/4.1-200\/"}],"permalink":{"id":218889,"object_type":"law","relational_id":70957,"identifier":"4.1-213","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-213","url":"\/4.1-213\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/4.1-213\/","token":"4.1\/I\/2\/2\/4.1-213","dublin_core":{"Title":"Manufacture and sale of cider","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 4.1-213","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Any winery licensee<\/span> or farm winery<\/span> licensee<\/span> may manufacture and sell<\/span> cider<\/span> to (i) the Board<\/span>, (ii) any wholesale wine<\/span> licensee<\/span>, and (iii) persons outside the Commonwealth. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Any wholesale wine<\/span> licensee<\/span> may acquire and receive shipments of cider<\/span>, and sell<\/span> and deliver and ship the cider<\/span> in accordance with Board<\/span> regulations to (i) the Board<\/span>, (ii) any wholesale wine<\/span> licensee<\/span>, (iii) any retail licensee<\/span> approved by the Board<\/span> for the purpose of selling cider<\/span>, and (iv) persons outside the Commonwealth for resale outside the Commonwealth. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Any licensee<\/span> authorized to sell<\/span> alcoholic beverages<\/span> at retail may sell<\/span> cider<\/span> in the same manner and to the same persons, and subject to the same limitations and conditions, as such license authorizes him to sell<\/span> other alcoholic beverages<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> Cider<\/span> containing less than seven percent of alcohol<\/span> by volume may be sold in any containers<\/span> that comply with federal regulations for wine<\/span> or beer<\/span>, provided such containers<\/span> are labeled in accordance with Board<\/span> regulations. Cider<\/span> containing seven percent or more of alcohol<\/span> by volume may be sold in any containers<\/span> that comply with federal regulations for wine<\/span>, provided such containers<\/span> are labeled in accordance with Board<\/span> regulations. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> No additional license fees shall be charged for the privilege<\/span> of handling cider<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

F.<\/span> The Board<\/span> shall collect such markup as it deems appropriate on all cider<\/span> manufactured or sold, or both, in the Commonwealth. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

G.<\/span> The Board<\/span> shall adopt regulations relating to the manufacture, possession<\/span>, transportation and sale<\/span> of cider<\/span> as it deems necessary to prevent any unlawful manufacture, possession<\/span>, transportation or sale<\/span> of cider<\/span> and to ensure that the markup required to be paid will be collected. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

H.<\/span> For the purposes of this section:\n\t\t\t“Chaptalization<\/span>” means a method of increasing the alcohol<\/span> in a wine<\/span> by adding sugar to the must before or during fermentation.\n\t\t\t“Cider<\/span>” means any beverage, carbonated or otherwise, obtained by the fermentation of the natural sugar content of apples or pears (i) containing not more than 10 percent of alcohol<\/span> by volume without chaptalization<\/span> or (ii) containing not more than seven percent of alcohol<\/span> by volume regardless of chaptalization<\/span>. Cider<\/span> shall be treated as wine<\/span> for all purposes of this subtitle, except as otherwise provided in this subtitle or Board<\/span> regulations. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

I.<\/span> This section shall not limit the privileges<\/span> set forth in subdivision 8 of § 4.1-200<\/a>, nor shall any person be denied the privilege<\/span> of manufacturing and selling sweet cider<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nMANUFACTURE AND SALE OF CIDER (\u00a7 4.1-213)\n\nA. Any winery licensee or farm winery licensee may manufacture and sell cider to\n(i) the Board, (ii) any wholesale wine licensee, and (iii) persons outside the\nCommonwealth.\n\nB. Any wholesale wine licensee may acquire and receive shipments of cider, and\nsell and deliver and ship the cider in accordance with Board regulations to (i)\nthe Board, (ii) any wholesale wine licensee, (iii) any retail licensee approved\nby the Board for the purpose of selling cider, and (iv) persons outside the\nCommonwealth for resale outside the Commonwealth.\n\nC. Any licensee authorized to sell alcoholic beverages at retail may sell cider\nin the same manner and to the same persons, and subject to the same limitations\nand conditions, as such license authorizes him to sell other alcoholic\nbeverages.\n\nD. Cider containing less than seven percent of alcohol by volume may be sold in\nany containers that comply with federal regulations for wine or beer, provided\nsuch containers are labeled in accordance with Board regulations. Cider\ncontaining seven percent or more of alcohol by volume may be sold in any\ncontainers that comply with federal regulations for wine, provided such\ncontainers are labeled in accordance with Board regulations.\n\nE. No additional license fees shall be charged for the privilege of handling\ncider.\n\nF. The Board shall collect such markup as it deems appropriate on all cider\nmanufactured or sold, or both, in the Commonwealth.\n\nG. The Board shall adopt regulations relating to the manufacture, possession,\ntransportation and sale of cider as it deems necessary to prevent any unlawful\nmanufacture, possession, transportation or sale of cider and to ensure that the\nmarkup required to be paid will be collected.\n\nH. For the purposes of this section:\n\t\t\t“Chaptalization” means a method of increasing the alcohol in a\nwine by adding sugar to the must before or during fermentation.\n\t\t\t“Cider” means any beverage, carbonated or otherwise, obtained by\nthe fermentation of the natural sugar content of apples or pears (i) containing\nnot more than 10 percent of alcohol by volume without chaptalization or (ii)\ncontaining not more than seven percent of alcohol by volume regardless of\nchaptalization. Cider shall be treated as wine for all purposes of this\nsubtitle, except as otherwise provided in this subtitle or Board regulations.\n\nI. This section shall not limit the privileges set forth in subdivision 8 of\n§ 4.1-200, nor shall any person be denied the privilege of manufacturing\nand selling sweet cider.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 4-27; 1978, c. 174; 1980, c. 324; 1992, c. 349; 1993, c.\n866; 2011, cc. 265, 288; 2014, c. 787; 2015, c. 412; 2017, c. 160.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}