{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/40.1-33.11.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/40.1-33.11.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/40.1-33.11.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/40.1-33.11.html"}],"law_id":73191,"edition_id":1,"section_id":73191,"structure_id":13264,"section_number":"40.1-33.11","catch_line":"Retaliatory action prohibited","history":"2023, c. 751.","full_text":"No employer shall discharge, discipline, threaten, discriminate against, or penalize an employee, or take other retaliatory action regarding an employee’s compensation, terms, conditions, location, or privileges of employment, because the employee (i) has requested or exercised the benefits provided for in this article or (ii) has alleged a violation of this article.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":263501,"text":"No employer shall discharge, discipline, threaten, discriminate against, or penalize an employee, or take other retaliatory action regarding an employee’s compensation, terms, conditions, location, or privileges of employment, because the employee (i) has requested or exercised the benefits provided for in this article or (ii) has alleged a violation of this article.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":13264,"edition_id":1,"name":"Organ Donation Leave","identifier":"2.2","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12777,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:32","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:32","permalink":{"id":219995,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13264,"identifier":"2.2","token":"40.1\/3\/2.2","url":"\/40.1\/3\/2.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12777,"edition_id":1,"name":"Protection of Employees","identifier":"3","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12776,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":219805,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12777,"identifier":"3","token":"40.1\/3","url":"\/40.1\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12776,"edition_id":1,"name":"Labor and Employment","identifier":"40.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":219723,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12776,"identifier":"40.1","token":"40.1","url":"\/40.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":64375,"structure_id":13264,"section_number":"40.1-33.10","catch_line":"Health benefit plan; commission","url":"\/40.1-33.10\/","token":"40.1\/3\/2.2\/40.1-33.10","metadata":false},{"id":73191,"structure_id":13264,"section_number":"40.1-33.11","catch_line":"Retaliatory action prohibited","url":"\/40.1-33.11\/","token":"40.1\/3\/2.2\/40.1-33.11","metadata":false},{"id":77382,"structure_id":13264,"section_number":"40.1-33.12","catch_line":"Enforcement; civil penalty","url":"\/40.1-33.12\/","token":"40.1\/3\/2.2\/40.1-33.12","metadata":false},{"id":85185,"structure_id":13264,"section_number":"40.1-33.7","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/40.1-33.7\/","token":"40.1\/3\/2.2\/40.1-33.7","metadata":false},{"id":73484,"structure_id":13264,"section_number":"40.1-33.8","catch_line":"Organ donation leave","url":"\/40.1-33.8\/","token":"40.1\/3\/2.2\/40.1-33.8","metadata":false},{"id":54263,"structure_id":13264,"section_number":"40.1-33.9","catch_line":"Employee's right to benefits; restoration of position","url":"\/40.1-33.9\/","token":"40.1\/3\/2.2\/40.1-33.9","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":64375,"structure_id":13264,"section_number":"40.1-33.10","catch_line":"Health benefit plan; commission","url":"\/40.1-33.10\/","token":"40.1\/3\/2.2\/40.1-33.10","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":77382,"structure_id":13264,"section_number":"40.1-33.12","catch_line":"Enforcement; civil penalty","url":"\/40.1-33.12\/","token":"40.1\/3\/2.2\/40.1-33.12","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/40.1-33.11\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2023. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 751<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":220001,"object_type":"law","relational_id":73191,"identifier":"40.1-33.11","token":"40.1\/3\/2.2\/40.1-33.11","url":"\/40.1-33.11\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/40.1-33.11\/","token":"40.1\/3\/2.2\/40.1-33.11","dublin_core":{"Title":"Retaliatory action prohibited","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 40.1-33.11","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

No employer<\/span> shall discharge, discipline, threaten, discriminate against, or penalize an employee<\/span>, or take other retaliatory action regarding an employee<\/span>’s compensation, terms, conditions, location, or privileges<\/span> of employment, because the employee<\/span> (i) has requested or exercised the benefits provided for in this article or (ii) has alleged a violation of this article.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nRETALIATORY ACTION PROHIBITED (\u00a7 40.1-33.11)\n\nNo employer shall discharge, discipline, threaten, discriminate against, or\npenalize an employee, or take other retaliatory action regarding an\nemployee’s compensation, terms, conditions, location, or privileges of\nemployment, because the employee (i) has requested or exercised the benefits\nprovided for in this article or (ii) has alleged a violation of this article.\n\nHISTORY: 2023, c. 751.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}