{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/40.1-79.01.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/40.1-79.01.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/40.1-79.01.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/40.1-79.01.html"}],"law_id":68360,"edition_id":1,"section_id":68360,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-79.01","catch_line":"Exemptions from chapter generally","history":"1991, c. 511; 1998, c. 30; 2003, c. 380; 2015, cc. 502, 503; 2025, cc. 699, 705.","full_text":"A\n\nNothing in this chapter, except the provisions of subsection A of \u00a7 40.1-100 and \u00a7\u00a7 40.1-100.1, 40.1-100.2, and 40.1-103, shall apply to:1\n\nA child engaged in domestic work when such work is performed in connection with the child’s own home and directly for his parent or a person standing in place of his parent;2\n\nA child employed in occasional work performed outside school hours where such work is in connection with the employer’s home but not in connection with the employer’s business, trade, or profession;3\n\nA child 12 or 13 years of age employed outside school hours on farms, in orchards, or in gardens with the consent of his parent or a person standing in place of his parent;4\n\nA child between the ages of 12 and 18 employed as a page or clerk for either the House of Delegates or the Senate of Virginia;5\n\nA child participating in the activities of a volunteer emergency medical services agency;6\n\nA child under 16 years of age employed by his parent in an occupation other than manufacturing; or7\n\nA child 12 years of age or older employed by an eleemosynary organization or unit of state or local government as a referee for sports programs sponsored by that eleemosynary, state, or local organization or by an organization of referees sponsored by an organization recognized by the United States Olympic Committee under 36 U.S.C. § 220522.B\n\nNothing in this chapter, except §§ 40.1-100.1, 40.1-100.2, and 40.1-103, shall be construed to apply to a child employed by his parent or a person standing in place of his parent on farms, in orchards or in gardens owned or operated by such parent or person.C\n\nNothing in this chapter, except subsection A of \u00a7 40.1-100 and \u00a7\u00a7 40.1-100.1, 40.1-100.2, 40.1-103, and 40.1-109.2, shall apply to a child engaged in the work of content creation as described in \u00a7 40.1-109.1. For the purposes of this subsection, a child engaged in the work of content creation shall not be considered to be “employed, permitted, or suffered to work” in any setting described in subsection A of \u00a7 40.1-100 solely due to such child’s presence in such setting, provided that:1\n\nSuch child is not exposed to a hazard capable of causing serious physical harm or death to such child in violation of § 40.1-100.1;2\n\nSuch child is under the direct supervision of an adult who ensures compliance with all applicable safety requirements; and3\n\nSuch child’s engagement in the work of content creation does not require direct interaction with hazardous equipment or conditions.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":247572,"text":"Nothing in this chapter, except the provisions of subsection A of \u00a7 40.1-100 and \u00a7\u00a7 40.1-100.1, 40.1-100.2, and 40.1-103, shall apply to:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":247573,"text":"A child engaged in domestic work when such work is performed in connection with the child’s own home and directly for his parent or a person standing in place of his parent;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":247574,"text":"A child employed in occasional work performed outside school hours where such work is in connection with the employer’s home but not in connection with the employer’s business, trade, or profession;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":247575,"text":"A child 12 or 13 years of age employed outside school hours on farms, in orchards, or in gardens with the consent of his parent or a person standing in place of his parent;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"A4"},"4":{"id":247576,"text":"A child between the ages of 12 and 18 employed as a page or clerk for either the House of Delegates or the Senate of Virginia;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"A4","prefix_anchor":"A4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"A5"},"5":{"id":247577,"text":"A child participating in the activities of a volunteer emergency medical services agency;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"A5","prefix_anchor":"A5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A4","next_prefix":"A6"},"6":{"id":247578,"text":"A child under 16 years of age employed by his parent in an occupation other than manufacturing; or","type":"section","prefixes":["A","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"A6","prefix_anchor":"A6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A5","next_prefix":"A7"},"7":{"id":247579,"text":"A child 12 years of age or older employed by an eleemosynary organization or unit of state or local government as a referee for sports programs sponsored by that eleemosynary, state, or local organization or by an organization of referees sponsored by an organization recognized by the United States Olympic Committee under 36 U.S.C. § 220522.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"A7","prefix_anchor":"A7","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A6","next_prefix":"B"},"8":{"id":247580,"text":"Nothing in this chapter, except §§ 40.1-100.1, 40.1-100.2, and 40.1-103, shall be construed to apply to a child employed by his parent or a person standing in place of his parent on farms, in orchards or in gardens owned or operated by such parent or person.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A7","next_prefix":"C"},"9":{"id":247581,"text":"Nothing in this chapter, except subsection A of \u00a7 40.1-100 and \u00a7\u00a7 40.1-100.1, 40.1-100.2, 40.1-103, and 40.1-109.2, shall apply to a child engaged in the work of content creation as described in \u00a7 40.1-109.1. For the purposes of this subsection, a child engaged in the work of content creation shall not be considered to be “employed, permitted, or suffered to work” in any setting described in subsection A of \u00a7 40.1-100 solely due to such child’s presence in such setting, provided that:","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"C1"},"10":{"id":247582,"text":"Such child is not exposed to a hazard capable of causing serious physical harm or death to such child in violation of § 40.1-100.1;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"C1","prefix_anchor":"C1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"C2"},"11":{"id":247583,"text":"Such child is under the direct supervision of an adult who ensures compliance with all applicable safety requirements; and","type":"section","prefixes":["C","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"C2","prefix_anchor":"C2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C1","next_prefix":"C3"},"12":{"id":247584,"text":"Such child’s engagement in the work of content creation does not require direct interaction with hazardous equipment or conditions.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"C3","prefix_anchor":"C3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C2"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14416,"edition_id":1,"name":"Child Labor","identifier":"5","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12776,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:48:04","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:48:04","permalink":{"id":220519,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14416,"identifier":"5","token":"40.1\/5","url":"\/40.1\/5\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12776,"edition_id":1,"name":"Labor and Employment","identifier":"40.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":219723,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12776,"identifier":"40.1","token":"40.1","url":"\/40.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":65234,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-100","catch_line":"Certain employment prohibited or limited","url":"\/40.1-100\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-100","metadata":false},{"id":74950,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-100.1","catch_line":"Employment where hazard capable of causing serious physical harm or death","url":"\/40.1-100.1\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-100.1","metadata":false},{"id":71062,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-100.2","catch_line":"Employment involving sexually explicit visual material prohibited","url":"\/40.1-100.2\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-100.2","metadata":false},{"id":71215,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-101","catch_line":"Qualifications as to theaters","url":"\/40.1-101\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-101","metadata":false},{"id":61085,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-102","catch_line":"Issuance of theatrical permit","url":"\/40.1-102\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-102","metadata":false},{"id":63705,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-103","catch_line":"Cruelty and injuries to children; penalty; abandoned infant","url":"\/40.1-103\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-103","metadata":false},{"id":80111,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-104","catch_line":"Age certificates","url":"\/40.1-104\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-104","metadata":false},{"id":85420,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-105","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/40.1-105\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-105","metadata":false},{"id":57443,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-106","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/40.1-106\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-106","metadata":false},{"id":57728,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-109","catch_line":"Newspaper carriers on regular routes; hours","url":"\/40.1-109\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-109","metadata":false},{"id":63994,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-109.1","catch_line":"Child engaged in the work of content creation; criteria","url":"\/40.1-109.1\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-109.1","metadata":false},{"id":73698,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-109.2","catch_line":"Child engaged in the work of content creation; trust account","url":"\/40.1-109.2\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-109.2","metadata":false},{"id":56362,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-110","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/40.1-110\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-110","metadata":false},{"id":82909,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-111","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/40.1-111\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-111","metadata":false},{"id":86064,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-112","catch_line":"Solicitation generally","url":"\/40.1-112\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-112","metadata":false},{"id":76735,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-113","catch_line":"Child labor offenses; civil penalties","url":"\/40.1-113\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-113","metadata":false},{"id":83103,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-114","catch_line":"Enforcement of child labor law","url":"\/40.1-114\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-114","metadata":false},{"id":87321,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-115","catch_line":"School attendance","url":"\/40.1-115\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-115","metadata":false},{"id":81561,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-116","catch_line":"Curfew ordinances not affected","url":"\/40.1-116\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-116","metadata":false},{"id":60283,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-78","catch_line":"Employment of children under fourteen and sixteen","url":"\/40.1-78\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-78","metadata":false},{"id":70180,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-79","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/40.1-79\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-79","metadata":false},{"id":68360,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-79.01","catch_line":"Exemptions from chapter generally","url":"\/40.1-79.01\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-79.01","metadata":false},{"id":68751,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-79.1","catch_line":"Exemptions from chapter generally; participation in volunteer fire company activities","url":"\/40.1-79.1\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-79.1","metadata":false},{"id":74532,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-80","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/40.1-80\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-80","metadata":false},{"id":65788,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-80.1","catch_line":"Employment of children","url":"\/40.1-80.1\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-80.1","metadata":false},{"id":65467,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-81","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/40.1-81\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-81","metadata":false},{"id":76519,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-81.1","catch_line":"Records to be kept by employers","url":"\/40.1-81.1\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-81.1","metadata":false},{"id":78098,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-82","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/40.1-82\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-82","metadata":false},{"id":55764,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-83","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/40.1-83\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-83","metadata":false},{"id":62901,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-84","catch_line":"Employment certificate required","url":"\/40.1-84\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-84","metadata":false},{"id":56276,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-85","catch_line":"Kinds of employment certificates","url":"\/40.1-85\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-85","metadata":false},{"id":70943,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-86","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/40.1-86\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-86","metadata":false},{"id":60906,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-87","catch_line":"Vacation or part-time employment certificate","url":"\/40.1-87\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-87","metadata":false},{"id":85038,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-88","catch_line":"Work-training certificate","url":"\/40.1-88\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-88","metadata":false},{"id":56651,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-89","catch_line":"Same; employment not allowed; revocation of certificate","url":"\/40.1-89\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-89","metadata":false},{"id":68366,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-90","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/40.1-90\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-90","metadata":false},{"id":78116,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-92","catch_line":"Issuance of certificates","url":"\/40.1-92\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-92","metadata":false},{"id":68585,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-93","catch_line":"Proof required for employment certificate","url":"\/40.1-93\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-93","metadata":false},{"id":56070,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-94","catch_line":"Proofs of age","url":"\/40.1-94\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-94","metadata":false},{"id":79690,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-95","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/40.1-95\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-95","metadata":false},{"id":71829,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-96","catch_line":"Contents of employment certificates","url":"\/40.1-96\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-96","metadata":false},{"id":66317,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-97","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/40.1-97\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-97","metadata":false},{"id":76754,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-98","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/40.1-98\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-98","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":70180,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-79","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/40.1-79\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-79","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":68751,"structure_id":14416,"section_number":"40.1-79.1","catch_line":"Exemptions from chapter generally; participation in volunteer fire company activities","url":"\/40.1-79.1\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-79.1","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/40.1-79.01\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1991. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 511 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1991 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 4 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1998, chapter 30<\/a>; in 2003, chapter 380<\/a>; in 2015, chapters 502<\/a> and 503<\/a>; in 2025, chapters 699<\/a> and 705<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":65788,"section_number":"40.1-80.1","catch_line":"Employment of children","order_by":null,"url":"\/40.1-80.1\/"},{"id":62901,"section_number":"40.1-84","catch_line":"Employment certificate required","order_by":null,"url":"\/40.1-84\/"},{"id":68585,"section_number":"40.1-93","catch_line":"Proof required for employment certificate","order_by":null,"url":"\/40.1-93\/"},{"id":71829,"section_number":"40.1-96","catch_line":"Contents of employment certificates","order_by":null,"url":"\/40.1-96\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":65234,"section_number":"40.1-100","catch_line":"Certain employment prohibited or limited","order_by":null,"url":"\/40.1-100\/"},{"id":74950,"section_number":"40.1-100.1","catch_line":"Employment where hazard capable of causing serious physical harm or death","order_by":null,"url":"\/40.1-100.1\/"},{"id":71062,"section_number":"40.1-100.2","catch_line":"Employment involving sexually explicit visual material prohibited","order_by":null,"url":"\/40.1-100.2\/"},{"id":63705,"section_number":"40.1-103","catch_line":"Cruelty and injuries to children; penalty; abandoned infant","order_by":null,"url":"\/40.1-103\/"},{"id":63994,"section_number":"40.1-109.1","catch_line":"Child engaged in the work of content creation; criteria","order_by":null,"url":"\/40.1-109.1\/"},{"id":73698,"section_number":"40.1-109.2","catch_line":"Child engaged in the work of content creation; trust account","order_by":null,"url":"\/40.1-109.2\/"}],"permalink":{"id":220605,"object_type":"law","relational_id":68360,"identifier":"40.1-79.01","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-79.01","url":"\/40.1-79.01\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/40.1-79.01\/","token":"40.1\/5\/40.1-79.01","dublin_core":{"Title":"Exemptions from chapter generally","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 40.1-79.01","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Nothing in this chapter, except the provisions of subsection A of \u00a7 40.1-100<\/a> and \u00a7\u00a7 40.1-100.1<\/a>, 40.1-100.2<\/a>, and 40.1-103<\/a>, shall apply to: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> A child engaged in domestic work when such work is performed in connection with the child’s own home and directly for his parent or a person standing in place of his parent; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> A child employed in occasional work performed outside school hours where such work is in connection with the employer<\/span>’s home but not in connection with the employer<\/span>’s business, trade, or profession; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> A child 12 or 13 years of age employed outside school hours on farms, in orchards, or in gardens with the consent of his parent or a person standing in place of his parent; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> A child between the ages of 12 and 18 employed as a page or clerk for either the House of Delegates or the Senate of Virginia; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> A child participating in the activities of a volunteer emergency medical services agency; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> A child under 16 years of age employed by his parent in an occupation other than manufacturing; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> A child 12 years of age or older employed by an eleemosynary organization or unit of state or local government as a referee for sports programs sponsored by that eleemosynary, state, or local organization or by an organization of referees sponsored by an organization recognized by the United States Olympic Committee under 36 U.S.C. § 220522. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Nothing in this chapter, except §§ 40.1-100.1<\/a>, 40.1-100.2<\/a>, and 40.1-103<\/a>, shall be construed to apply to a child employed by his parent or a person standing in place of his parent on farms, in orchards or in gardens owned or operated by such parent or person. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Nothing in this chapter, except subsection A of \u00a7 40.1-100<\/a> and \u00a7\u00a7 40.1-100.1<\/a>, 40.1-100.2<\/a>, 40.1-103<\/a>, and 40.1-109.2<\/a>, shall apply to a child engaged in the work of content<\/span> creation as described in \u00a7 40.1-109.1<\/a>. For the purposes of this subsection, a child engaged in the work of content<\/span> creation shall not be considered to be “employed, permitted, or suffered to work” in any setting described in subsection A of \u00a7 40.1-100<\/a> solely due to such child’s presence in such setting, provided that: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Such child is not exposed to a hazard capable of causing serious physical harm or death to such child in violation of § 40.1-100.1<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Such child is under the direct supervision of an adult who ensures compliance with all applicable safety requirements; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Such child’s engagement in the work of content<\/span> creation does not require direct interaction with hazardous equipment or conditions. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nEXEMPTIONS FROM CHAPTER GENERALLY (\u00a7 40.1-79.01)\n\nA. Nothing in this chapter, except the provisions of subsection A of \u00a7 40.1-100\nand \u00a7\u00a7 40.1-100.1, 40.1-100.2, and 40.1-103, shall apply to:\n\n 1. A child engaged in domestic work when such work is performed in connection\n with the child’s own home and directly for his parent or a person\n standing in place of his parent;\n\n 2. A child employed in occasional work performed outside school hours where\n such work is in connection with the employer’s home but not in\n connection with the employer’s business, trade, or profession;\n\n 3. A child 12 or 13 years of age employed outside school hours on farms, in\n orchards, or in gardens with the consent of his parent or a person standing in\n place of his parent;\n\n 4. A child between the ages of 12 and 18 employed as a page or clerk for\n either the House of Delegates or the Senate of Virginia;\n\n 5. A child participating in the activities of a volunteer emergency medical\n services agency;\n\n 6. A child under 16 years of age employed by his parent in an occupation other\n than manufacturing; or\n\n 7. A child 12 years of age or older employed by an eleemosynary organization\n or unit of state or local government as a referee for sports programs\n sponsored by that eleemosynary, state, or local organization or by an\n organization of referees sponsored by an organization recognized by the United\n States Olympic Committee under 36 U.S.C. § 220522.\n\nB. Nothing in this chapter, except §§ 40.1-100.1, 40.1-100.2, and\n40.1-103, shall be construed to apply to a child employed by his parent or a\nperson standing in place of his parent on farms, in orchards or in gardens owned\nor operated by such parent or person.\n\nC. Nothing in this chapter, except subsection A of \u00a7 40.1-100 and \u00a7\u00a7\n40.1-100.1, 40.1-100.2, 40.1-103, and 40.1-109.2, shall apply to a child engaged\nin the work of content creation as described in \u00a7 40.1-109.1. For the purposes\nof this subsection, a child engaged in the work of content creation shall not be\nconsidered to be “employed, permitted, or suffered to work” in any\nsetting described in subsection A of \u00a7 40.1-100 solely due to such\nchild’s presence in such setting, provided that:\n\n 1. Such child is not exposed to a hazard capable of causing serious physical\n harm or death to such child in violation of § 40.1-100.1;\n\n 2. Such child is under the direct supervision of an adult who ensures\n compliance with all applicable safety requirements; and\n\n 3. Such child’s engagement in the work of content creation does not\n require direct interaction with hazardous equipment or conditions.\n\nHISTORY: 1991, c. 511; 1998, c. 30; 2003, c. 380; 2015, cc. 502, 503; 2025, cc.\n699, 705.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}