{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/44-44.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/44-44.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/44-44.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/44-44.html"}],"law_id":81974,"edition_id":1,"section_id":81974,"structure_id":14290,"section_number":"44-44","catch_line":"Special courts-martial","history":"1930, p. 956; Michie Code 1942, \u00a7 2673(34); 1958, c. 393; 1964, c. 227; 1976, c. 399; 1977, c. 74; 2011, cc. 572, 586.","full_text":"A\n\nIn the National Guard for servicemembers on orders for duty under Title 32 of the United States Code or state active duty, the first commanding officer in the rank of colonel or above may convene special courts-martial.B\n\nA special court-martial may not try a commissioned officer.C\n\nA special court-martial shall have the authority to impose any of the following fines and penalties:1\n\nA fine of not more than $1,000;2\n\nForfeiture of two-thirds pay per month for six months;3\n\nA reprimand;4\n\nBad Conduct discharge;5\n\nRestriction to limits;6\n\nImposition of extra duty;7\n\nConfinement for not more than three months;8\n\nReduction of enlisted persons one or more pay grades; or9\n\nAny combination of these punishments.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":293741,"text":"In the National Guard for servicemembers on orders for duty under Title 32 of the United States Code or state active duty, the first commanding officer in the rank of colonel or above may convene special courts-martial.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":293742,"text":"A special court-martial may not try a commissioned officer.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":293743,"text":"A special court-martial shall have the authority to impose any of the following fines and penalties:","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"C1"},"3":{"id":293744,"text":"A fine of not more than $1,000;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"C1","prefix_anchor":"C1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"C2"},"4":{"id":293745,"text":"Forfeiture of two-thirds pay per month for six months;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"C2","prefix_anchor":"C2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C1","next_prefix":"C3"},"5":{"id":293746,"text":"A reprimand;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"C3","prefix_anchor":"C3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C2","next_prefix":"C4"},"6":{"id":293747,"text":"Bad Conduct discharge;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"C4","prefix_anchor":"C4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C3","next_prefix":"C5"},"7":{"id":293748,"text":"Restriction to limits;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"C5","prefix_anchor":"C5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C4","next_prefix":"C6"},"8":{"id":293749,"text":"Imposition of extra duty;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"C6","prefix_anchor":"C6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C5","next_prefix":"C7"},"9":{"id":293750,"text":"Confinement for not more than three months;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"C7","prefix_anchor":"C7","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C6","next_prefix":"C8"},"10":{"id":293751,"text":"Reduction of enlisted persons one or more pay grades; or","type":"section","prefixes":["C","8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"C8","prefix_anchor":"C8","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C7","next_prefix":"C9"},"11":{"id":293752,"text":"Any combination of these punishments.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","9"],"prefix":"9","entire_prefix":"C9","prefix_anchor":"C9","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C8"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14290,"edition_id":1,"name":"National Guard Courts-Martial","identifier":"4","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13447,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:37","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:37","permalink":{"id":221973,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14290,"identifier":"4","token":"44\/1\/4","url":"\/44\/1\/4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13447,"edition_id":1,"name":"Military Laws of Virginia","identifier":"1","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13446,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:54","permalink":{"id":221551,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13447,"identifier":"1","token":"44\/1","url":"\/44\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13446,"edition_id":1,"name":"Military and Emergency Laws","identifier":"44","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:54","permalink":{"id":221549,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13446,"identifier":"44","token":"44","url":"\/44\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":70497,"structure_id":14290,"section_number":"44-42","catch_line":"Kinds of courts-martial; how constituted and powers","url":"\/44-42\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-42","metadata":false},{"id":63005,"structure_id":14290,"section_number":"44-43","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/44-43\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-43","metadata":false},{"id":81974,"structure_id":14290,"section_number":"44-44","catch_line":"Special courts-martial","url":"\/44-44\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-44","metadata":false},{"id":56609,"structure_id":14290,"section_number":"44-45","catch_line":"Summary courts-martial","url":"\/44-45\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-45","metadata":false},{"id":75835,"structure_id":14290,"section_number":"44-46","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/44-46\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-46","metadata":false},{"id":79326,"structure_id":14290,"section_number":"44-46.1","catch_line":"Military judges","url":"\/44-46.1\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-46.1","metadata":false},{"id":55561,"structure_id":14290,"section_number":"44-47","catch_line":"Process and procedure","url":"\/44-47\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-47","metadata":false},{"id":67813,"structure_id":14290,"section_number":"44-48","catch_line":"Review of judgments of courts-martial; procedure","url":"\/44-48\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-48","metadata":false},{"id":75715,"structure_id":14290,"section_number":"44-49","catch_line":"Where sentences executed","url":"\/44-49\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-49","metadata":false},{"id":76758,"structure_id":14290,"section_number":"44-50","catch_line":"How process and sentence executed","url":"\/44-50\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-50","metadata":false},{"id":77607,"structure_id":14290,"section_number":"44-51","catch_line":"Certificates","url":"\/44-51\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-51","metadata":false},{"id":63226,"structure_id":14290,"section_number":"44-52","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/44-52\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-52","metadata":false},{"id":60941,"structure_id":14290,"section_number":"44-53","catch_line":"Collection of fines","url":"\/44-53\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-53","metadata":false},{"id":65482,"structure_id":14290,"section_number":"44-54","catch_line":"Disposition of fines","url":"\/44-54\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-54","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":63005,"structure_id":14290,"section_number":"44-43","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/44-43\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-43","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":56609,"structure_id":14290,"section_number":"44-45","catch_line":"Summary courts-martial","url":"\/44-45\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-45","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/44-44\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 5 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1958, chapter 393; in 1964, chapter 227; in 1976, chapter 399; in 1977, chapter 74; in 2011, chapters 572<\/a> and 586<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":221983,"object_type":"law","relational_id":81974,"identifier":"44-44","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-44","url":"\/44-44\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/44-44\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-44","dublin_core":{"Title":"Special courts-martial","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 44-44","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> In the National Guard for servicemembers on orders<\/span> for duty under Title 32 of the United States Code or state active duty, the first commanding officer in the rank of colonel or above may convene special courts<\/span>-martial. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> A special court<\/span>-martial may not try a commissioned officer. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> A special court<\/span>-martial shall have the authority to impose any of the following fines and penalties: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> A fine of not more than $1,000; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Forfeiture of two-thirds pay per month for six months; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> A reprimand; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Bad Conduct discharge; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Restriction to limits; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> Imposition of extra duty; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> Confinement for not more than three months; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> Reduction of enlisted persons one or more pay grades; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

9.<\/span> Any combination of these punishments. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nSPECIAL COURTS-MARTIAL (\u00a7 44-44)\n\nA. In the National Guard for servicemembers on orders for duty under Title 32 of\nthe United States Code or state active duty, the first commanding officer in the\nrank of colonel or above may convene special courts-martial.\n\nB. A special court-martial may not try a commissioned officer.\n\nC. A special court-martial shall have the authority to impose any of the\nfollowing fines and penalties:\n\n 1. A fine of not more than $1,000;\n\n 2. Forfeiture of two-thirds pay per month for six months;\n\n 3. A reprimand;\n\n 4. Bad Conduct discharge;\n\n 5. Restriction to limits;\n\n 6. Imposition of extra duty;\n\n 7. Confinement for not more than three months;\n\n 8. Reduction of enlisted persons one or more pay grades; or\n\n 9. Any combination of these punishments.\n\nHISTORY: 1930, p. 956; Michie Code 1942, \u00a7 2673(34); 1958, c. 393; 1964, c.\n227; 1976, c. 399; 1977, c. 74; 2011, cc. 572, 586.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}