{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/45.2-1017.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/45.2-1017.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/45.2-1017.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/45.2-1017.html"}],"law_id":74259,"edition_id":1,"section_id":74259,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1017","catch_line":" Performance standards","history":"1979, c. 290, \u00a7 45.1-242; 1984, c. 590; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387.","full_text":"A\n\nThe Director shall by regulation establish performance standards that meet the requirement of &#xA7; 515 of the federal act, are consistent with regulations adopted thereunder by the Secretary, and are applicable to all coal surface mining and reclamation operations except as otherwise provided in this chapter.B\n\nAny permit issued pursuant to this chapter to conduct a coal surface mining operation shall require that such operation meets all applicable performance standards established by the Director.C\n\nThe Director shall include in such regulations special procedures and standards, consistent with regulations adopted by the Secretary, for the issuance of permits for mountaintop removal operations, without regard to requirements to restore to approximate original contour, and for variances from such requirements for steep-slope operations.D\n\nThe Director may adopt, with the approval of the Secretary, alternative performance standards and procedures for administering and enforcing the program created pursuant to this chapter.E\n\nThe Director, with the approval of the Secretary, may authorize departures on an experimental basis from the environmental protection performance standards adopted under this section and &#xA7; 45.2-1018.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":266967,"text":"The Director shall by regulation establish performance standards that meet the requirement of &#xA7; 515 of the federal act, are consistent with regulations adopted thereunder by the Secretary, and are applicable to all coal surface mining and reclamation operations except as otherwise provided in this chapter.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":266968,"text":"Any permit issued pursuant to this chapter to conduct a coal surface mining operation shall require that such operation meets all applicable performance standards established by the Director.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":266969,"text":"The Director shall include in such regulations special procedures and standards, consistent with regulations adopted by the Secretary, for the issuance of permits for mountaintop removal operations, without regard to requirements to restore to approximate original contour, and for variances from such requirements for steep-slope operations.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":266970,"text":"The Director may adopt, with the approval of the Secretary, alternative performance standards and procedures for administering and enforcing the program created pursuant to this chapter.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"4":{"id":266971,"text":"The Director, with the approval of the Secretary, may authorize departures on an experimental basis from the environmental protection performance standards adopted under this section and &#xA7; 45.2-1018.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13541,"edition_id":1,"name":"Regulation of Mining Activity","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":5,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13540,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","permalink":{"id":223733,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13541,"identifier":"2","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2","url":"\/45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13540,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Coal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1979","identifier":"10","label":"chapter","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13539,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","permalink":{"id":223697,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13540,"identifier":"10","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10","url":"\/45.2\/II\/C\/10\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13539,"edition_id":1,"name":"Surface Coal Mines","identifier":"C","label":"part","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12985,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","permalink":{"id":223695,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13539,"identifier":"C","token":"45.2\/II\/C","url":"\/45.2\/II\/C\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12985,"edition_id":1,"name":"Coal Mining","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12713,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:06","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:06","permalink":{"id":222647,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12985,"identifier":"II","token":"45.2\/II","url":"\/45.2\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12713,"edition_id":1,"name":"Mines, Minerals, and Energy","identifier":"45.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":222539,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12713,"identifier":"45.2","token":"45.2","url":"\/45.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":59248,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1008","catch_line":" Coal exploration operations","url":"\/45.2-1008\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1008","metadata":false},{"id":68698,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1009","catch_line":" Permit required for coal surface mining operation; term; transfer, etc","url":"\/45.2-1009\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1009","metadata":false},{"id":63876,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1010","catch_line":" Form and contents of permit application; fee","url":"\/45.2-1010\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1010","metadata":false},{"id":69681,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1011","catch_line":" Operation and reclamation plans","url":"\/45.2-1011\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1011","metadata":false},{"id":54700,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1012","catch_line":" Revision of permits","url":"\/45.2-1012\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1012","metadata":false},{"id":80707,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1013","catch_line":" Approval or denial of permit","url":"\/45.2-1013\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1013","metadata":false},{"id":81130,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1014","catch_line":" Public participation in process of issuing or revising permits","url":"\/45.2-1014\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1014","metadata":false},{"id":76504,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1015","catch_line":" Decision of Director upon permit application; hearing; appeal","url":"\/45.2-1015\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1015","metadata":false},{"id":64109,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1016","catch_line":" Performance bonds","url":"\/45.2-1016\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1016","metadata":false},{"id":74259,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1017","catch_line":" Performance standards","url":"\/45.2-1017\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1017","metadata":false},{"id":84028,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1018","catch_line":" Surface effects of underground coal mining operations","url":"\/45.2-1018\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1018","metadata":false},{"id":84230,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1019","catch_line":" Inspections and monitoring","url":"\/45.2-1019\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1019","metadata":false},{"id":54505,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1020","catch_line":" Enforcement of chapter generally","url":"\/45.2-1020\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1020","metadata":false},{"id":84596,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1021","catch_line":" Civil and criminal penalties","url":"\/45.2-1021\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1021","metadata":false},{"id":80009,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1022","catch_line":" Citizen suits; rights of citizens to accompany inspectors","url":"\/45.2-1022\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1022","metadata":false},{"id":61906,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1023","catch_line":" Forfeiture or release of performance bond","url":"\/45.2-1023\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1023","metadata":false},{"id":84157,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1024","catch_line":" Performance of reclamation operations by Director","url":"\/45.2-1024\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1024","metadata":false},{"id":54560,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1025","catch_line":" Administrative review of notice or order issued under \u00a7 45.2-1020","url":"\/45.2-1025\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1025","metadata":false},{"id":86764,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1026","catch_line":" Hearings","url":"\/45.2-1026\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1026","metadata":false},{"id":76733,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1027","catch_line":" Judicial review of final order or decision or decision under \u00a7 45.2-1035","url":"\/45.2-1027\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1027","metadata":false},{"id":61010,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1028","catch_line":" Designating areas unsuitable for coal surface mining","url":"\/45.2-1028\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1028","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":64109,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1016","catch_line":" Performance bonds","url":"\/45.2-1016\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1016","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":84028,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1018","catch_line":" Surface effects of underground coal mining operations","url":"\/45.2-1018\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1018","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/45.2-1017\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1979. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 290 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1979 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 1984, chapter 590.<\/p>","references":[{"id":59248,"section_number":"45.2-1008","catch_line":" Coal exploration operations","order_by":null,"url":"\/45.2-1008\/"},{"id":64109,"section_number":"45.2-1016","catch_line":" Performance bonds","order_by":null,"url":"\/45.2-1016\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":84028,"section_number":"45.2-1018","catch_line":" Surface effects of underground coal mining operations","order_by":null,"url":"\/45.2-1018\/"}],"permalink":{"id":223771,"object_type":"law","relational_id":74259,"identifier":"45.2-1017","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1017","url":"\/45.2-1017\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/45.2-1017\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1017","dublin_core":{"Title":" Performance standards","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 45.2-1017","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> The <span class=\"dictionary\">Director<\/span> shall by regulation establish performance standards that meet the requirement of &#xA7; 515 of the <span class=\"dictionary\">federal act<\/span>, are consistent with regulations adopted thereunder by the <span class=\"dictionary\">Secretary<\/span>, and are applicable to all <span class=\"dictionary\">coal surface mining and reclamation operations<\/span> except as otherwise provided in this chapter. <a id=\"paragraph-266967\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/45.2-1017\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> Any <span class=\"dictionary\">permit<\/span> issued pursuant to this chapter to conduct a coal surface mining operation shall require that such operation meets all applicable performance standards established by the <span class=\"dictionary\">Director<\/span>. <a id=\"paragraph-266968\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/45.2-1017\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"C\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">C.<\/span> The <span class=\"dictionary\">Director<\/span> shall include in such regulations special procedures and standards, consistent with regulations adopted by the <span class=\"dictionary\">Secretary<\/span>, for the issuance of <span class=\"dictionary\">permits<\/span> for mountaintop removal operations, without regard to requirements to restore to <span class=\"dictionary\">approximate original contour<\/span>, and for variances from such requirements for steep-slope operations. <a id=\"paragraph-266969\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/45.2-1017\/#C\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"D\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">D.<\/span> The <span class=\"dictionary\">Director<\/span> may adopt, with the approval of the <span class=\"dictionary\">Secretary<\/span>, alternative performance standards and procedures for administering and enforcing the program created pursuant to this chapter. <a id=\"paragraph-266970\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/45.2-1017\/#D\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"E\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">E.<\/span> The <span class=\"dictionary\">Director<\/span>, with the approval of the <span class=\"dictionary\">Secretary<\/span>, may authorize departures on an experimental basis from the environmental protection performance standards adopted under this section and &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\" Surface effects of underground coal mining operations\" href=\"\/45.2-1018\/\">45.2-1018<\/a>. <a id=\"paragraph-266971\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/45.2-1017\/#E\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\n PERFORMANCE STANDARDS (\u00a7 45.2-1017)\n\nA. The Director shall by regulation establish performance standards that meet\nthe requirement of &#xA7; 515 of the federal act, are consistent with\nregulations adopted thereunder by the Secretary, and are applicable to all coal\nsurface mining and reclamation operations except as otherwise provided in this\nchapter.\n\nB. Any permit issued pursuant to this chapter to conduct a coal surface mining\noperation shall require that such operation meets all applicable performance\nstandards established by the Director.\n\nC. The Director shall include in such regulations special procedures and\nstandards, consistent with regulations adopted by the Secretary, for the\nissuance of permits for mountaintop removal operations, without regard to\nrequirements to restore to approximate original contour, and for variances from\nsuch requirements for steep-slope operations.\n\nD. The Director may adopt, with the approval of the Secretary, alternative\nperformance standards and procedures for administering and enforcing the program\ncreated pursuant to this chapter.\n\nE. The Director, with the approval of the Secretary, may authorize departures on\nan experimental basis from the environmental protection performance standards\nadopted under this section and &#xA7; 45.2-1018.\n\nHISTORY: 1979, c. 290, \u00a7 45.1-242; 1984, c. 590; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}