{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/45.2-1018.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/45.2-1018.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/45.2-1018.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/45.2-1018.html"}],"law_id":84028,"edition_id":1,"section_id":84028,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1018","catch_line":" Surface effects of underground coal mining operations","history":"1979, c. 290, \u00a7 45.1-243; 1984, c. 590; 1993, c. 582; 1996, cc. 409, 410; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387.","full_text":"A\n\nThe Director shall adopt regulations directed toward the surface effects of underground coal mining operations and embodying the requirements of &#xA7;&#xA7; 516 and 720(a)(1) of the federal act. The provisions of this chapter relating to permits, bonds, inspections and enforcement, public review, and administrative and judicial review shall be applicable to any surface operation or surface impact incident to an underground coal mine with such modifications to the permit application requirements, permit approval or denial procedures, and bond requirements as are necessary to accommodate the differences between surface and underground coal mining. Nothing in &#xA7; 720(a)(1) of the federal act shall be construed to prohibit or interrupt any underground coal mining operation.B\n\nThe regulations adopted by the Director shall require that each permit applicant submit hydrologic reclamation plans that include measures to prevent the sudden release of accumulated water from underground workings.C\n\nThe Director shall suspend underground coal mining under any elementary or secondary school, institution of higher education, urbanized area, city, town, or community, and adjacent to any industrial or commercial building, major impoundment, or permanent stream, if he finds imminent danger to people from such underground coal mining.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":301146,"text":"The Director shall adopt regulations directed toward the surface effects of underground coal mining operations and embodying the requirements of &#xA7;&#xA7; 516 and 720(a)(1) of the federal act. The provisions of this chapter relating to permits, bonds, inspections and enforcement, public review, and administrative and judicial review shall be applicable to any surface operation or surface impact incident to an underground coal mine with such modifications to the permit application requirements, permit approval or denial procedures, and bond requirements as are necessary to accommodate the differences between surface and underground coal mining. Nothing in &#xA7; 720(a)(1) of the federal act shall be construed to prohibit or interrupt any underground coal mining operation.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":301147,"text":"The regulations adopted by the Director shall require that each permit applicant submit hydrologic reclamation plans that include measures to prevent the sudden release of accumulated water from underground workings.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":301148,"text":"The Director shall suspend underground coal mining under any elementary or secondary school, institution of higher education, urbanized area, city, town, or community, and adjacent to any industrial or commercial building, major impoundment, or permanent stream, if he finds imminent danger to people from such underground coal mining.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13541,"edition_id":1,"name":"Regulation of Mining Activity","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":5,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13540,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","permalink":{"id":223733,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13541,"identifier":"2","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2","url":"\/45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13540,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Coal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1979","identifier":"10","label":"chapter","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13539,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","permalink":{"id":223697,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13540,"identifier":"10","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10","url":"\/45.2\/II\/C\/10\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13539,"edition_id":1,"name":"Surface Coal Mines","identifier":"C","label":"part","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12985,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","permalink":{"id":223695,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13539,"identifier":"C","token":"45.2\/II\/C","url":"\/45.2\/II\/C\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12985,"edition_id":1,"name":"Coal Mining","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12713,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:06","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:06","permalink":{"id":222647,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12985,"identifier":"II","token":"45.2\/II","url":"\/45.2\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12713,"edition_id":1,"name":"Mines, Minerals, and Energy","identifier":"45.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":222539,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12713,"identifier":"45.2","token":"45.2","url":"\/45.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":59248,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1008","catch_line":" Coal exploration operations","url":"\/45.2-1008\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1008","metadata":false},{"id":68698,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1009","catch_line":" Permit required for coal surface mining operation; term; transfer, etc","url":"\/45.2-1009\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1009","metadata":false},{"id":63876,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1010","catch_line":" Form and contents of permit application; fee","url":"\/45.2-1010\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1010","metadata":false},{"id":69681,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1011","catch_line":" Operation and reclamation plans","url":"\/45.2-1011\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1011","metadata":false},{"id":54700,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1012","catch_line":" Revision of permits","url":"\/45.2-1012\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1012","metadata":false},{"id":80707,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1013","catch_line":" Approval or denial of permit","url":"\/45.2-1013\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1013","metadata":false},{"id":81130,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1014","catch_line":" Public participation in process of issuing or revising permits","url":"\/45.2-1014\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1014","metadata":false},{"id":76504,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1015","catch_line":" Decision of Director upon permit application; hearing; appeal","url":"\/45.2-1015\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1015","metadata":false},{"id":64109,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1016","catch_line":" Performance bonds","url":"\/45.2-1016\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1016","metadata":false},{"id":74259,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1017","catch_line":" Performance standards","url":"\/45.2-1017\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1017","metadata":false},{"id":84028,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1018","catch_line":" Surface effects of underground coal mining operations","url":"\/45.2-1018\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1018","metadata":false},{"id":84230,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1019","catch_line":" Inspections and monitoring","url":"\/45.2-1019\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1019","metadata":false},{"id":54505,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1020","catch_line":" Enforcement of chapter generally","url":"\/45.2-1020\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1020","metadata":false},{"id":84596,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1021","catch_line":" Civil and criminal penalties","url":"\/45.2-1021\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1021","metadata":false},{"id":80009,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1022","catch_line":" Citizen suits; rights of citizens to accompany inspectors","url":"\/45.2-1022\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1022","metadata":false},{"id":61906,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1023","catch_line":" Forfeiture or release of performance bond","url":"\/45.2-1023\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1023","metadata":false},{"id":84157,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1024","catch_line":" Performance of reclamation operations by Director","url":"\/45.2-1024\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1024","metadata":false},{"id":54560,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1025","catch_line":" Administrative review of notice or order issued under \u00a7 45.2-1020","url":"\/45.2-1025\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1025","metadata":false},{"id":86764,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1026","catch_line":" Hearings","url":"\/45.2-1026\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1026","metadata":false},{"id":76733,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1027","catch_line":" Judicial review of final order or decision or decision under \u00a7 45.2-1035","url":"\/45.2-1027\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1027","metadata":false},{"id":61010,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1028","catch_line":" Designating areas unsuitable for coal surface mining","url":"\/45.2-1028\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1028","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":74259,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1017","catch_line":" Performance standards","url":"\/45.2-1017\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1017","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":84230,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1019","catch_line":" Inspections and monitoring","url":"\/45.2-1019\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1019","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/45.2-1018\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1979. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 290 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1979 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1984, chapter 590; in 1993, chapter 582; in 1996, chapters <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?961+ful+CHAP0409\">409<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?961+ful+CHAP0410\">410<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":66688,"section_number":"45.2-1000","catch_line":" Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/45.2-1000\/"},{"id":74259,"section_number":"45.2-1017","catch_line":" Performance standards","order_by":null,"url":"\/45.2-1017\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":223775,"object_type":"law","relational_id":84028,"identifier":"45.2-1018","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1018","url":"\/45.2-1018\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/45.2-1018\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1018","dublin_core":{"Title":" Surface effects of underground coal mining operations","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 45.2-1018","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> The <span class=\"dictionary\">Director<\/span> shall adopt regulations directed toward the surface effects of underground coal mining operations and embodying the requirements of &#xA7;&#xA7; 516 and 720(a)(1) of the <span class=\"dictionary\">federal act<\/span>. The provisions of this chapter relating to <span class=\"dictionary\">permits<\/span>, <span class=\"dictionary\">bonds<\/span>, inspections and enforcement, public review, and administrative and judicial review shall be applicable to any surface operation or surface impact incident to an underground coal mine with such modifications to the <span class=\"dictionary\">permit<\/span> application requirements, <span class=\"dictionary\">permit<\/span> approval or denial procedures, and <span class=\"dictionary\">bond<\/span> requirements as are necessary to accommodate the differences between surface and underground coal mining. Nothing in &#xA7; 720(a)(1) of the <span class=\"dictionary\">federal act<\/span> shall be construed to prohibit or interrupt any underground coal mining operation. <a id=\"paragraph-301146\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/45.2-1018\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> The regulations adopted by the <span class=\"dictionary\">Director<\/span> shall require that each <span class=\"dictionary\">permit<\/span> applicant submit hydrologic reclamation plans that include measures to prevent the sudden release of accumulated water from underground workings. <a id=\"paragraph-301147\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/45.2-1018\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"C\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">C.<\/span> The <span class=\"dictionary\">Director<\/span> shall suspend underground coal mining under any elementary or secondary school, institution of higher education, urbanized area, city, town, or community, and adjacent to any industrial or commercial building, major impoundment, or permanent stream, if he finds imminent danger to people from such underground coal mining. <a id=\"paragraph-301148\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/45.2-1018\/#C\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\n SURFACE EFFECTS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINING OPERATIONS (\u00a7 45.2-1018)\n\nA. The Director shall adopt regulations directed toward the surface effects of\nunderground coal mining operations and embodying the requirements of\n&#xA7;&#xA7; 516 and 720(a)(1) of the federal act. The provisions of this\nchapter relating to permits, bonds, inspections and enforcement, public review,\nand administrative and judicial review shall be applicable to any surface\noperation or surface impact incident to an underground coal mine with such\nmodifications to the permit application requirements, permit approval or denial\nprocedures, and bond requirements as are necessary to accommodate the\ndifferences between surface and underground coal mining. Nothing in &#xA7;\n720(a)(1) of the federal act shall be construed to prohibit or interrupt any\nunderground coal mining operation.\n\nB. The regulations adopted by the Director shall require that each permit\napplicant submit hydrologic reclamation plans that include measures to prevent\nthe sudden release of accumulated water from underground workings.\n\nC. The Director shall suspend underground coal mining under any elementary or\nsecondary school, institution of higher education, urbanized area, city, town,\nor community, and adjacent to any industrial or commercial building, major\nimpoundment, or permanent stream, if he finds imminent danger to people from\nsuch underground coal mining.\n\nHISTORY: 1979, c. 290, \u00a7 45.1-243; 1984, c. 590; 1993, c. 582; 1996, cc. 409,\n410; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}