{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/45.2-1027.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/45.2-1027.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/45.2-1027.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/45.2-1027.html"}],"law_id":76733,"edition_id":1,"section_id":76733,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1027","catch_line":" Judicial review of final order or decision or decision under \u00a7 45.2-1035","history":"1979, c. 290, \u00a7 45.1-251; 1983, c. 93; 1984, c. 590; 1986, c. 615; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387.","full_text":"A\n\nAny party aggrieved by a final order, decision, or decision for entry upon property pursuant to &#xA7; 45.2-1035, issued by the Director, after exhaustion of the administrative remedies provided for in this chapter, has the right to the judicial review thereof in the circuit court of the county or city in which the land at issue or a major portion thereof is located. In all other respects, judicial review shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Administrative Process Act (&#xA7; 2.2-4000 et seq.).B\n\nThe commencement of a proceeding under this section shall not, unless specifically ordered by the court, operate as a stay of the order or decision of the Director. The court may, under such conditions as it prescribes, grant such temporary relief as it deems appropriate pending final determination of the proceedings if:1\n\nAll parties to the proceedings have been notified and given an opportunity to be heard on a request for temporary relief;2\n\nThe person requesting such relief shows that there is a substantial likelihood that he will prevail on the merits of the final determination of the proceeding; and3\n\nSuch relief will not adversely affect the public health or safety or cause significant imminent environmental harm to land, air, or water resources.C\n\nThe court may award costs and expenses, including attorney fees, to any party to any proceeding under this section and may assess such costs and expenses against any other party as the court deems proper. For the purpose of this subsection, &#8220;party&#8221; includes the Commonwealth or any of its agents, officers, or employees.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":275475,"text":"Any party aggrieved by a final order, decision, or decision for entry upon property pursuant to &#xA7; 45.2-1035, issued by the Director, after exhaustion of the administrative remedies provided for in this chapter, has the right to the judicial review thereof in the circuit court of the county or city in which the land at issue or a major portion thereof is located. In all other respects, judicial review shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Administrative Process Act (&#xA7; 2.2-4000 et seq.).","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":275476,"text":"The commencement of a proceeding under this section shall not, unless specifically ordered by the court, operate as a stay of the order or decision of the Director. The court may, under such conditions as it prescribes, grant such temporary relief as it deems appropriate pending final determination of the proceedings if:","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"B1"},"2":{"id":275477,"text":"All parties to the proceedings have been notified and given an opportunity to be heard on a request for temporary relief;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"B1","prefix_anchor":"B1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"B2"},"3":{"id":275478,"text":"The person requesting such relief shows that there is a substantial likelihood that he will prevail on the merits of the final determination of the proceeding; and","type":"section","prefixes":["B","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"B2","prefix_anchor":"B2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B1","next_prefix":"B3"},"4":{"id":275479,"text":"Such relief will not adversely affect the public health or safety or cause significant imminent environmental harm to land, air, or water resources.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"B3","prefix_anchor":"B3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B2","next_prefix":"C"},"5":{"id":275480,"text":"The court may award costs and expenses, including attorney fees, to any party to any proceeding under this section and may assess such costs and expenses against any other party as the court deems proper. For the purpose of this subsection, &#8220;party&#8221; includes the Commonwealth or any of its agents, officers, or employees.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13541,"edition_id":1,"name":"Regulation of Mining Activity","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":5,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13540,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","permalink":{"id":223733,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13541,"identifier":"2","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2","url":"\/45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13540,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Coal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1979","identifier":"10","label":"chapter","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13539,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","permalink":{"id":223697,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13540,"identifier":"10","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10","url":"\/45.2\/II\/C\/10\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13539,"edition_id":1,"name":"Surface Coal Mines","identifier":"C","label":"part","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12985,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","permalink":{"id":223695,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13539,"identifier":"C","token":"45.2\/II\/C","url":"\/45.2\/II\/C\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12985,"edition_id":1,"name":"Coal Mining","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12713,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:06","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:06","permalink":{"id":222647,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12985,"identifier":"II","token":"45.2\/II","url":"\/45.2\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12713,"edition_id":1,"name":"Mines, Minerals, and Energy","identifier":"45.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":222539,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12713,"identifier":"45.2","token":"45.2","url":"\/45.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":59248,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1008","catch_line":" Coal exploration operations","url":"\/45.2-1008\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1008","metadata":false},{"id":68698,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1009","catch_line":" Permit required for coal surface mining operation; term; transfer, etc","url":"\/45.2-1009\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1009","metadata":false},{"id":63876,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1010","catch_line":" Form and contents of permit application; fee","url":"\/45.2-1010\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1010","metadata":false},{"id":69681,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1011","catch_line":" Operation and reclamation plans","url":"\/45.2-1011\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1011","metadata":false},{"id":54700,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1012","catch_line":" Revision of permits","url":"\/45.2-1012\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1012","metadata":false},{"id":80707,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1013","catch_line":" Approval or denial of permit","url":"\/45.2-1013\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1013","metadata":false},{"id":81130,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1014","catch_line":" Public participation in process of issuing or revising permits","url":"\/45.2-1014\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1014","metadata":false},{"id":76504,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1015","catch_line":" Decision of Director upon permit application; hearing; appeal","url":"\/45.2-1015\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1015","metadata":false},{"id":64109,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1016","catch_line":" Performance bonds","url":"\/45.2-1016\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1016","metadata":false},{"id":74259,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1017","catch_line":" Performance standards","url":"\/45.2-1017\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1017","metadata":false},{"id":84028,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1018","catch_line":" Surface effects of underground coal mining operations","url":"\/45.2-1018\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1018","metadata":false},{"id":84230,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1019","catch_line":" Inspections and monitoring","url":"\/45.2-1019\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1019","metadata":false},{"id":54505,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1020","catch_line":" Enforcement of chapter generally","url":"\/45.2-1020\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1020","metadata":false},{"id":84596,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1021","catch_line":" Civil and criminal penalties","url":"\/45.2-1021\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1021","metadata":false},{"id":80009,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1022","catch_line":" Citizen suits; rights of citizens to accompany inspectors","url":"\/45.2-1022\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1022","metadata":false},{"id":61906,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1023","catch_line":" Forfeiture or release of performance bond","url":"\/45.2-1023\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1023","metadata":false},{"id":84157,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1024","catch_line":" Performance of reclamation operations by Director","url":"\/45.2-1024\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1024","metadata":false},{"id":54560,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1025","catch_line":" Administrative review of notice or order issued under \u00a7 45.2-1020","url":"\/45.2-1025\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1025","metadata":false},{"id":86764,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1026","catch_line":" Hearings","url":"\/45.2-1026\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1026","metadata":false},{"id":76733,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1027","catch_line":" Judicial review of final order or decision or decision under \u00a7 45.2-1035","url":"\/45.2-1027\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1027","metadata":false},{"id":61010,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1028","catch_line":" Designating areas unsuitable for coal surface mining","url":"\/45.2-1028\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1028","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":86764,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1026","catch_line":" Hearings","url":"\/45.2-1026\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1026","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":61010,"structure_id":13541,"section_number":"45.2-1028","catch_line":" Designating areas unsuitable for coal surface mining","url":"\/45.2-1028\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1028","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/45.2-1027\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1979. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 290 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1979 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1983, chapter 93; in 1984, chapter 590; in 1986, chapter 615.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":86911,"section_number":"2.2-4000","catch_line":"Short title; purpose","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4000\/"},{"id":60576,"section_number":"45.2-1035","catch_line":" Right of entry, acquisition, disposition, and reclamation of land adversely affected by past coal mining practices","order_by":null,"url":"\/45.2-1035\/"}],"permalink":{"id":223811,"object_type":"law","relational_id":76733,"identifier":"45.2-1027","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1027","url":"\/45.2-1027\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/45.2-1027\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/10\/2\/45.2-1027","dublin_core":{"Title":" Judicial review of final order or decision or decision under \u00a7 45.2-1035","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 45.2-1027","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> Any <span class=\"dictionary\">party<\/span> aggrieved by a <span class=\"dictionary\">final order<\/span>, decision, or decision for entry upon property pursuant to &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\" Right of entry, acquisition, disposition, and reclamation of land adversely affected by past coal mining practices\" href=\"\/45.2-1035\/\">45.2-1035<\/a>, issued by the <span class=\"dictionary\">Director<\/span>, after exhaustion of the administrative remedies provided for in this chapter, has the right to the judicial review thereof in the <span class=\"dictionary\">circuit<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> of the county or city in which the land at <span class=\"dictionary\">issue<\/span> or a major portion thereof is located. In all other respects, judicial review shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Administrative Process Act (&#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Short title; purpose\" href=\"\/2.2-4000\/\">2.2-4000<\/a> et seq.). <a id=\"paragraph-275475\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/45.2-1027\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> The commencement of a proceeding under this section shall not, unless specifically ordered by the <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span>, operate as a <span class=\"dictionary\">stay<\/span> of the order or decision of the <span class=\"dictionary\">Director<\/span>. The <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> may, under such conditions as it prescribes, grant such temporary relief as it deems appropriate pending final determination of the proceedings if: <a id=\"paragraph-275476\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/45.2-1027\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B1\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">1.<\/span> All parties to the proceedings have been notified and given an opportunity to be heard on a request for temporary relief; <a id=\"paragraph-275477\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/45.2-1027\/#B1\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B2\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">2.<\/span> The <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> requesting such relief shows that there is a substantial likelihood that he will prevail on the merits of the final determination of the proceeding; and <a id=\"paragraph-275478\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/45.2-1027\/#B2\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B3\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">3.<\/span> Such relief will not adversely affect the public health or safety or cause significant imminent environmental harm to land, air, or water resources. <a id=\"paragraph-275479\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/45.2-1027\/#B3\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"C\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">C.<\/span> The <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> may award costs and expenses, including attorney fees, to any <span class=\"dictionary\">party<\/span> to any proceeding under this section and may assess such costs and expenses against any other <span class=\"dictionary\">party<\/span> as the <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> deems proper. For the purpose of this subsection, &#8220;<span class=\"dictionary\">party<\/span>&#8221; includes the Commonwealth or any of its agents, officers, or employees. <a id=\"paragraph-275480\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/45.2-1027\/#C\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\n JUDICIAL REVIEW OF FINAL ORDER OR DECISION OR DECISION UNDER \u00a7 45.2-1035 (\u00a7\n45.2-1027)\n\nA. Any party aggrieved by a final order, decision, or decision for entry upon\nproperty pursuant to &#xA7; 45.2-1035, issued by the Director, after exhaustion\nof the administrative remedies provided for in this chapter, has the right to\nthe judicial review thereof in the circuit court of the county or city in which\nthe land at issue or a major portion thereof is located. In all other respects,\njudicial review shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Administrative\nProcess Act (&#xA7; 2.2-4000 et seq.).\n\nB. The commencement of a proceeding under this section shall not, unless\nspecifically ordered by the court, operate as a stay of the order or decision of\nthe Director. The court may, under such conditions as it prescribes, grant such\ntemporary relief as it deems appropriate pending final determination of the\nproceedings if:\n\n   1. All parties to the proceedings have been notified and given an opportunity\n   to be heard on a request for temporary relief;\n\n   2. The person requesting such relief shows that there is a substantial\n   likelihood that he will prevail on the merits of the final determination of\n   the proceeding; and\n\n   3. Such relief will not adversely affect the public health or safety or cause\n   significant imminent environmental harm to land, air, or water resources.\n\nC. The court may award costs and expenses, including attorney fees, to any party\nto any proceeding under this section and may assess such costs and expenses\nagainst any other party as the court deems proper. For the purpose of this\nsubsection, &#8220;party&#8221; includes the Commonwealth or any of its agents,\nofficers, or employees.\n\nHISTORY: 1979, c. 290, \u00a7 45.1-251; 1983, c. 93; 1984, c. 590; 1986, c. 615;\n2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}