{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/45.2-1158.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/45.2-1158.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/45.2-1158.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/45.2-1158.html"}],"law_id":55211,"edition_id":1,"section_id":55211,"structure_id":13205,"section_number":"45.2-1158","catch_line":" Closure orders","history":"1997, c. 390, \u00a7 45.1-161.292:64; 1998, c. 695; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387.","full_text":"A\n\nThe Director or a mine inspector shall issue a closure order requiring that a mine or section thereof be cleared of all persons, or that equipment be removed from use, and refusing further entry into the mine of any person except a person who is necessary to correct or eliminate a hazardous condition when (i) a violation of the Act has occurred and creates an imminent danger to the life or health of any person in the mine; (ii) a mine fire, mine explosion, or other serious accident has occurred at the mine, making it necessary to preserve the scene of such accident during the investigation of the accident; (iii) a mine is operating without a license, as provided by § 45.2-1124; or (iv) an operator to whom a notice of violation was issued has failed to abate the violation cited therein within the time period provided in such notice for its abatement. However, a closure order shall not be issued for failure to abate a violation during the pendency of an administrative appeal of the issuance of the notice of violation as provided in subsection D of § 45.2-1157. In addition, a technical specialist may issue a closure order upon discovering a violation creating an imminent danger.B\n\nOne copy of the closure order shall be delivered to (i) the licensed operator of the mine, his agent, or the mine foreman and (ii) any independent contractor working in the area of the mine affected by the closure order.C\n\nUpon a finding by the mine inspector of the abatement of the violation creating the hazardous condition pursuant to which a closure order was issued as provided in clause (i) of subsection A, or the cessation of the need to preserve an accident scene as provided in clause (ii) of subsection A, or the issuance of a license for the mine if the closure order was issued as provided in clause (iii) of subsection A, or the abatement of the violation for which the notice of violation was issued as provided in clause (iv) of subsection A, the Director or mine inspector shall issue a notice of correction, copies of which shall be delivered as provided in subsection B.D\n\nThe issuance of a closure order shall constitute a final order of the Department, and the owner, licensed operator, or independent contractor to whom such closure order was issued shall not be entitled to administrative review of such decision. Such owner, licensed operator, or independent contractor may, within 10 days following the issuance of the order, bring a civil action in the circuit court of the city or county in which the mine, or the greater portion thereof, is located for review of the decision. The commencement of such proceeding shall not, unless specifically ordered by the court, operate as a stay of the closure order. The court shall promptly hear and determine the matters raised by the owner, operator, or independent contractor. In any such action the court shall receive the records of the Department regarding the issuance of the order and shall receive additional evidence at the request of any party. In any proceeding under this section, the Attorney General or the attorney for the Commonwealth for the jurisdiction where the mine is located, upon the request of the Director, shall represent the Department. The court shall vacate the closure order if the preponderance of the evidence establishes that the order was not issued in accordance with the provisions of this section.E\n\nIf it is finally determined that a closure order was not issued in accordance with the provisions of this section, the closure order shall be vacated and the improperly issued closure order shall not be used to the detriment of the owner or operator to whom it was issued.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":202447,"text":"The Director or a mine inspector shall issue a closure order requiring that a mine or section thereof be cleared of all persons, or that equipment be removed from use, and refusing further entry into the mine of any person except a person who is necessary to correct or eliminate a hazardous condition when (i) a violation of the Act has occurred and creates an imminent danger to the life or health of any person in the mine; (ii) a mine fire, mine explosion, or other serious accident has occurred at the mine, making it necessary to preserve the scene of such accident during the investigation of the accident; (iii) a mine is operating without a license, as provided by § 45.2-1124; or (iv) an operator to whom a notice of violation was issued has failed to abate the violation cited therein within the time period provided in such notice for its abatement. However, a closure order shall not be issued for failure to abate a violation during the pendency of an administrative appeal of the issuance of the notice of violation as provided in subsection D of § 45.2-1157. In addition, a technical specialist may issue a closure order upon discovering a violation creating an imminent danger.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":202448,"text":"One copy of the closure order shall be delivered to (i) the licensed operator of the mine, his agent, or the mine foreman and (ii) any independent contractor working in the area of the mine affected by the closure order.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":202449,"text":"Upon a finding by the mine inspector of the abatement of the violation creating the hazardous condition pursuant to which a closure order was issued as provided in clause (i) of subsection A, or the cessation of the need to preserve an accident scene as provided in clause (ii) of subsection A, or the issuance of a license for the mine if the closure order was issued as provided in clause (iii) of subsection A, or the abatement of the violation for which the notice of violation was issued as provided in clause (iv) of subsection A, the Director or mine inspector shall issue a notice of correction, copies of which shall be delivered as provided in subsection B.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":202450,"text":"The issuance of a closure order shall constitute a final order of the Department, and the owner, licensed operator, or independent contractor to whom such closure order was issued shall not be entitled to administrative review of such decision. Such owner, licensed operator, or independent contractor may, within 10 days following the issuance of the order, bring a civil action in the circuit court of the city or county in which the mine, or the greater portion thereof, is located for review of the decision. The commencement of such proceeding shall not, unless specifically ordered by the court, operate as a stay of the closure order. The court shall promptly hear and determine the matters raised by the owner, operator, or independent contractor. In any such action the court shall receive the records of the Department regarding the issuance of the order and shall receive additional evidence at the request of any party. In any proceeding under this section, the Attorney General or the attorney for the Commonwealth for the jurisdiction where the mine is located, upon the request of the Director, shall represent the Department. The court shall vacate the closure order if the preponderance of the evidence establishes that the order was not issued in accordance with the provisions of this section.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"4":{"id":202451,"text":"If it is finally determined that a closure order was not issued in accordance with the provisions of this section, the closure order shall be vacated and the improperly issued closure order shall not be used to the detriment of the owner or operator to whom it was issued.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13205,"edition_id":1,"name":"Enforcement and Penalties; Reports of Violations","identifier":"8","label":"article","depth":5,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12951,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:26","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:26","permalink":{"id":224357,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13205,"identifier":"8","token":"45.2\/III\/A\/11\/8","url":"\/45.2\/III\/A\/11\/8\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12951,"edition_id":1,"name":"Mineral Mine Safety Act","identifier":"11","label":"chapter","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12950,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:04","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:04","permalink":{"id":224113,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12951,"identifier":"11","token":"45.2\/III\/A\/11","url":"\/45.2\/III\/A\/11\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12950,"edition_id":1,"name":"Mineral Mines Generally","identifier":"A","label":"part","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12949,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:04","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:04","permalink":{"id":224111,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12950,"identifier":"A","token":"45.2\/III\/A","url":"\/45.2\/III\/A\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12949,"edition_id":1,"name":"Mineral Mines","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12713,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:04","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:04","permalink":{"id":224109,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12949,"identifier":"III","token":"45.2\/III","url":"\/45.2\/III\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12713,"edition_id":1,"name":"Mines, Minerals, and Energy","identifier":"45.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":222539,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12713,"identifier":"45.2","token":"45.2","url":"\/45.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":63378,"structure_id":13205,"section_number":"45.2-1157","catch_line":" Notices of violations","url":"\/45.2-1157\/","token":"45.2\/III\/A\/11\/8\/45.2-1157","metadata":false},{"id":55211,"structure_id":13205,"section_number":"45.2-1158","catch_line":" Closure orders","url":"\/45.2-1158\/","token":"45.2\/III\/A\/11\/8\/45.2-1158","metadata":false},{"id":56054,"structure_id":13205,"section_number":"45.2-1159","catch_line":" Tolling of time for abating violations","url":"\/45.2-1159\/","token":"45.2\/III\/A\/11\/8\/45.2-1159","metadata":false},{"id":63773,"structure_id":13205,"section_number":"45.2-1160","catch_line":" Injunctive relief","url":"\/45.2-1160\/","token":"45.2\/III\/A\/11\/8\/45.2-1160","metadata":false},{"id":65002,"structure_id":13205,"section_number":"45.2-1161","catch_line":" Violations; penalties","url":"\/45.2-1161\/","token":"45.2\/III\/A\/11\/8\/45.2-1161","metadata":false},{"id":71575,"structure_id":13205,"section_number":"45.2-1162","catch_line":" Prosecution of violations","url":"\/45.2-1162\/","token":"45.2\/III\/A\/11\/8\/45.2-1162","metadata":false},{"id":56847,"structure_id":13205,"section_number":"45.2-1163","catch_line":" Fees and costs","url":"\/45.2-1163\/","token":"45.2\/III\/A\/11\/8\/45.2-1163","metadata":false},{"id":54214,"structure_id":13205,"section_number":"45.2-1164","catch_line":" Reports of violations","url":"\/45.2-1164\/","token":"45.2\/III\/A\/11\/8\/45.2-1164","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":63378,"structure_id":13205,"section_number":"45.2-1157","catch_line":" Notices of violations","url":"\/45.2-1157\/","token":"45.2\/III\/A\/11\/8\/45.2-1157","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":56054,"structure_id":13205,"section_number":"45.2-1159","catch_line":" Tolling of time for abating violations","url":"\/45.2-1159\/","token":"45.2\/III\/A\/11\/8\/45.2-1159","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/45.2-1158\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1997. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 390<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 1998, chapter 695<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":69765,"section_number":"45.2-1124","catch_line":"License required for operation of mineral mines; term","order_by":null,"url":"\/45.2-1124\/"},{"id":63378,"section_number":"45.2-1157","catch_line":" Notices of violations","order_by":null,"url":"\/45.2-1157\/"}],"permalink":{"id":224363,"object_type":"law","relational_id":55211,"identifier":"45.2-1158","token":"45.2\/III\/A\/11\/8\/45.2-1158","url":"\/45.2-1158\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/45.2-1158\/","token":"45.2\/III\/A\/11\/8\/45.2-1158","dublin_core":{"Title":" Closure orders","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 45.2-1158","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> The Director<\/span> or a mine inspector shall issue<\/span> a closure order<\/span> requiring that a mine or section thereof be cleared of all persons, or that equipment be removed from use, and refusing further entry into the mine of any person except a person who is necessary to correct or eliminate a hazardous condition when (i) a violation of the Act has occurred and creates an imminent danger to the life or health of any person in the mine; (ii) a mine fire, mine explosion, or other serious accident has occurred at the mine, making it necessary to preserve the scene of such accident during the investigation of the accident; (iii) a mine is operating without a license, as provided by § 45.2-1124<\/a>; or (iv) an operator to whom a notice of violation was issued has failed to abate the violation cited therein within the time period provided in such notice for its abatement. However, a closure order<\/span> shall not be issued for failure to abate a violation during the pendency of an administrative appeal<\/span> of the issuance of the notice of violation as provided in subsection D of § 45.2-1157<\/a>. In addition, a technical specialist may issue<\/span> a closure order<\/span> upon discovering a violation creating an imminent danger. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> One copy of the closure order<\/span> shall be delivered to (i) the licensed operator of the mine, his agent, or the mine foreman<\/span> and (ii) any independent contractor working in the area of the mine affected by the closure order<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Upon a finding<\/span> by the mine inspector of the abatement of the violation creating the hazardous condition pursuant to which a closure order<\/span> was issued as provided in clause (i) of subsection A, or the cessation of the need to preserve an accident scene as provided in clause (ii) of subsection A, or the issuance of a license for the mine if the closure order<\/span> was issued as provided in clause (iii) of subsection A, or the abatement of the violation for which the notice of violation was issued as provided in clause (iv) of subsection A, the Director<\/span> or mine inspector shall issue<\/span> a notice of correction, copies of which shall be delivered as provided in subsection B. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> The issuance of a closure order shall constitute a final order<\/span> of the Department<\/span>, and the owner, licensed operator, or independent contractor to whom such closure order was issued shall not be entitled to administrative review of such decision. Such owner, licensed operator, or independent contractor may, within 10 days following the issuance of the order, bring a civil action<\/span> in the circuit<\/span> court<\/span> of the city or county in which the mine, or the greater portion thereof, is located for review of the decision. The commencement of such proceeding shall not, unless specifically ordered by the court<\/span>, operate as a stay<\/span> of the closure order. The court<\/span> shall promptly hear and determine the matters raised by the owner, operator, or independent contractor. In any such action the court<\/span> shall receive the records of the Department<\/span> regarding the issuance of the order and shall receive additional evidence at the request of any party<\/span>. In any proceeding under this section, the Attorney General<\/span> or the attorney for the Commonwealth for the jurisdiction<\/span> where the mine is located, upon the request of the Director<\/span>, shall represent the Department<\/span>. The court<\/span> shall vacate the closure order if the preponderance of the evidence<\/span> establishes that the order was not issued in accordance with the provisions of this section. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> If it is finally determined that a closure order was not issued in accordance with the provisions of this section, the closure order shall be vacated and the improperly issued closure order shall not be used to the detriment of the owner or operator to whom it was issued. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\n CLOSURE ORDERS (\u00a7 45.2-1158)\n\nA. The Director or a mine inspector shall issue a closure order requiring that a\nmine or section thereof be cleared of all persons, or that equipment be removed\nfrom use, and refusing further entry into the mine of any person except a person\nwho is necessary to correct or eliminate a hazardous condition when (i) a\nviolation of the Act has occurred and creates an imminent danger to the life or\nhealth of any person in the mine; (ii) a mine fire, mine explosion, or other\nserious accident has occurred at the mine, making it necessary to preserve the\nscene of such accident during the investigation of the accident; (iii) a mine is\noperating without a license, as provided by § 45.2-1124; or (iv) an\noperator to whom a notice of violation was issued has failed to abate the\nviolation cited therein within the time period provided in such notice for its\nabatement. However, a closure order shall not be issued for failure to abate a\nviolation during the pendency of an administrative appeal of the issuance of the\nnotice of violation as provided in subsection D of § 45.2-1157. In\naddition, a technical specialist may issue a closure order upon discovering a\nviolation creating an imminent danger.\n\nB. One copy of the closure order shall be delivered to (i) the licensed operator\nof the mine, his agent, or the mine foreman and (ii) any independent contractor\nworking in the area of the mine affected by the closure order.\n\nC. Upon a finding by the mine inspector of the abatement of the violation\ncreating the hazardous condition pursuant to which a closure order was issued as\nprovided in clause (i) of subsection A, or the cessation of the need to preserve\nan accident scene as provided in clause (ii) of subsection A, or the issuance of\na license for the mine if the closure order was issued as provided in clause\n(iii) of subsection A, or the abatement of the violation for which the notice of\nviolation was issued as provided in clause (iv) of subsection A, the Director or\nmine inspector shall issue a notice of correction, copies of which shall be\ndelivered as provided in subsection B.\n\nD. The issuance of a closure order shall constitute a final order of the\nDepartment, and the owner, licensed operator, or independent contractor to whom\nsuch closure order was issued shall not be entitled to administrative review of\nsuch decision. Such owner, licensed operator, or independent contractor may,\nwithin 10 days following the issuance of the order, bring a civil action in the\ncircuit court of the city or county in which the mine, or the greater portion\nthereof, is located for review of the decision. The commencement of such\nproceeding shall not, unless specifically ordered by the court, operate as a\nstay of the closure order. The court shall promptly hear and determine the\nmatters raised by the owner, operator, or independent contractor. In any such\naction the court shall receive the records of the Department regarding the\nissuance of the order and shall receive additional evidence at the request of\nany party. In any proceeding under this section, the Attorney General or the\nattorney for the Commonwealth for the jurisdiction where the mine is located,\nupon the request of the Director, shall represent the Department. The court\nshall vacate the closure order if the preponderance of the evidence establishes\nthat the order was not issued in accordance with the provisions of this section.\n\nE. If it is finally determined that a closure order was not issued in accordance\nwith the provisions of this section, the closure order shall be vacated and the\nimproperly issued closure order shall not be used to the detriment of the owner\nor operator to whom it was issued.\n\nHISTORY: 1997, c. 390, \u00a7 45.1-161.292:64; 1998, c. 695; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c.\n387.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}