{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/45.2-1608.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/45.2-1608.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/45.2-1608.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/45.2-1608.html"}],"law_id":63148,"edition_id":1,"section_id":63148,"structure_id":15627,"section_number":"45.2-1608","catch_line":" Violations; penalties","history":"1982, c. 347, \u00a7\u00a7 45.1-358, 45.1-360; 1984, c. 590; 1990, c. 92, \u00a7 45.1-361.8; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387.","full_text":"A\n\nAny person who violates or refuses, fails, or neglects to comply with any regulation or order of the Board, Director, or Inspector, any condition of a permit, or any provision of this chapter is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.B\n\nIn addition, any person who violates any regulation or order of the Board, Director, or Inspector, any condition of a permit, or any provision of this chapter shall upon such finding by an appropriate circuit court be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $10,000 for each day of such violation. All civil penalties under this section shall be recovered in a civil action brought by the Attorney General in the name of the Commonwealth. The court shall direct that all civil penalties assessed under this section be paid into the treasury of the county or city where the gas, oil, or geophysical operation determined by the court to be in violation is located.C\n\nThe Board, with the consent of the gas, oil, or geophysical operator, may provide in an order issued by the Board against such operator for the payment of civil penalties for past violations in specific sums not to exceed the limit specified in subsection B. Such civil penalties shall be instead of any appropriate civil penalty that could be imposed under this section and shall not be subject to the provisions of § 2.2-514. Civil penalties collected under this section shall be paid into the treasury of the county or city where the gas, oil, or geophysical operation subject to the order issued by the Board is located.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":230284,"text":"Any person who violates or refuses, fails, or neglects to comply with any regulation or order of the Board, Director, or Inspector, any condition of a permit, or any provision of this chapter is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":230285,"text":"In addition, any person who violates any regulation or order of the Board, Director, or Inspector, any condition of a permit, or any provision of this chapter shall upon such finding by an appropriate circuit court be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $10,000 for each day of such violation. All civil penalties under this section shall be recovered in a civil action brought by the Attorney General in the name of the Commonwealth. The court shall direct that all civil penalties assessed under this section be paid into the treasury of the county or city where the gas, oil, or geophysical operation determined by the court to be in violation is located.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":230286,"text":"The Board, with the consent of the gas, oil, or geophysical operator, may provide in an order issued by the Board against such operator for the payment of civil penalties for past violations in specific sums not to exceed the limit specified in subsection B. Such civil penalties shall be instead of any appropriate civil penalty that could be imposed under this section and shall not be subject to the provisions of § 2.2-514. Civil penalties collected under this section shall be paid into the treasury of the county or city where the gas, oil, or geophysical operation subject to the order issued by the Board is located.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15627,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13430,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:57:04","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:57:04","permalink":{"id":224677,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15627,"identifier":"1","token":"45.2\/IV\/16\/1","url":"\/45.2\/IV\/16\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13430,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Gas and Oil Act","identifier":"16","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13429,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:53","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:53","permalink":{"id":224675,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13430,"identifier":"16","token":"45.2\/IV\/16","url":"\/45.2\/IV\/16\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13429,"edition_id":1,"name":"Gas and Oil","identifier":"IV","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12713,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:53","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:53","permalink":{"id":224673,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13429,"identifier":"IV","token":"45.2\/IV","url":"\/45.2\/IV\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12713,"edition_id":1,"name":"Mines, Minerals, and Energy","identifier":"45.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":222539,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12713,"identifier":"45.2","token":"45.2","url":"\/45.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":71660,"structure_id":15627,"section_number":"45.2-1600","catch_line":" Definitions","url":"\/45.2-1600\/","token":"45.2\/IV\/16\/1\/45.2-1600","metadata":false},{"id":59679,"structure_id":15627,"section_number":"45.2-1601","catch_line":" Regulation of coal surface mining not affected by chapter","url":"\/45.2-1601\/","token":"45.2\/IV\/16\/1\/45.2-1601","metadata":false},{"id":65225,"structure_id":15627,"section_number":"45.2-1602","catch_line":" Construction; purposes","url":"\/45.2-1602\/","token":"45.2\/IV\/16\/1\/45.2-1602","metadata":false},{"id":75396,"structure_id":15627,"section_number":"45.2-1603","catch_line":" Virginia Gas and Oil Board; membership; compensation","url":"\/45.2-1603\/","token":"45.2\/IV\/16\/1\/45.2-1603","metadata":false},{"id":84693,"structure_id":15627,"section_number":"45.2-1604","catch_line":" Duties and responsibilities of the Director; Virginia Gas and Oil Inspector","url":"\/45.2-1604\/","token":"45.2\/IV\/16\/1\/45.2-1604","metadata":false},{"id":62897,"structure_id":15627,"section_number":"45.2-1605","catch_line":" Exclusivity of regulation and enforcement","url":"\/45.2-1605\/","token":"45.2\/IV\/16\/1\/45.2-1605","metadata":false},{"id":74768,"structure_id":15627,"section_number":"45.2-1606","catch_line":" Confidentiality","url":"\/45.2-1606\/","token":"45.2\/IV\/16\/1\/45.2-1606","metadata":false},{"id":86119,"structure_id":15627,"section_number":"45.2-1607","catch_line":" Expenditure of funds","url":"\/45.2-1607\/","token":"45.2\/IV\/16\/1\/45.2-1607","metadata":false},{"id":63148,"structure_id":15627,"section_number":"45.2-1608","catch_line":" Violations; penalties","url":"\/45.2-1608\/","token":"45.2\/IV\/16\/1\/45.2-1608","metadata":false},{"id":62118,"structure_id":15627,"section_number":"45.2-1609","catch_line":" Appeals; venue; standing","url":"\/45.2-1609\/","token":"45.2\/IV\/16\/1\/45.2-1609","metadata":false},{"id":84272,"structure_id":15627,"section_number":"45.2-1610","catch_line":" Copy of lease to lessor","url":"\/45.2-1610\/","token":"45.2\/IV\/16\/1\/45.2-1610","metadata":false},{"id":87450,"structure_id":15627,"section_number":"45.2-1611","catch_line":" Objections by coal owner","url":"\/45.2-1611\/","token":"45.2\/IV\/16\/1\/45.2-1611","metadata":false},{"id":73152,"structure_id":15627,"section_number":"45.2-1612","catch_line":" Distance limitations of certain wells","url":"\/45.2-1612\/","token":"45.2\/IV\/16\/1\/45.2-1612","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":86119,"structure_id":15627,"section_number":"45.2-1607","catch_line":" Expenditure of funds","url":"\/45.2-1607\/","token":"45.2\/IV\/16\/1\/45.2-1607","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":62118,"structure_id":15627,"section_number":"45.2-1609","catch_line":" Appeals; venue; standing","url":"\/45.2-1609\/","token":"45.2\/IV\/16\/1\/45.2-1609","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/45.2-1608\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1982. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 347 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1982 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1984, chapter 590; in 1990, chapter 92.<\/p>","references":[{"id":86119,"section_number":"45.2-1607","catch_line":" Expenditure of funds","order_by":null,"url":"\/45.2-1607\/"},{"id":77064,"section_number":"45.2-2119","catch_line":" Civil penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/45.2-2119\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":82895,"section_number":"2.2-514","catch_line":"Compromise and settlement of disputes","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-514\/"}],"permalink":{"id":224711,"object_type":"law","relational_id":63148,"identifier":"45.2-1608","token":"45.2\/IV\/16\/1\/45.2-1608","url":"\/45.2-1608\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/45.2-1608\/","token":"45.2\/IV\/16\/1\/45.2-1608","dublin_core":{"Title":" Violations; penalties","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 45.2-1608","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Any person who violates or refuses, fails, or neglects to comply with any regulation or order<\/span> of the Board<\/span>, Director<\/span>, or Inspector<\/span>, any condition of a permit, or any provision of this chapter is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> In addition, any person who violates any regulation or order<\/span> of the Board<\/span>, Director<\/span>, or Inspector<\/span>, any condition of a permit, or any provision of this chapter shall upon such finding<\/span> by an appropriate circuit<\/span> court<\/span> be assessed a civil penalty<\/span> of not more than $10,000 for each day of such violation. All civil penalties under this section shall be recovered in a civil action<\/span> brought by the Attorney General<\/span> in the name of the Commonwealth. The court<\/span> shall direct that all civil penalties assessed under this section be paid into the treasury of the county or city where the gas<\/span>, oil<\/span>, or geophysical operation<\/span> determined by the court<\/span> to be in violation is located. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> The Board<\/span>, with the consent of the gas<\/span>, oil<\/span>, or geophysical operator<\/span>, may provide in an order<\/span> issued by the Board<\/span> against such operator for the payment of civil penalties for past violations in specific sums not to exceed the limit specified in subsection B. Such civil penalties shall be instead of any appropriate civil penalty<\/span> that could be imposed under this section and shall not be subject to the provisions of § 2.2-514<\/a>. Civil penalties collected under this section shall be paid into the treasury of the county or city where the gas<\/span>, oil<\/span>, or geophysical operation<\/span> subject to the order<\/span> issued by the Board<\/span> is located. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\n VIOLATIONS; PENALTIES (\u00a7 45.2-1608)\n\nA. Any person who violates or refuses, fails, or neglects to comply with any\nregulation or order of the Board, Director, or Inspector, any condition of a\npermit, or any provision of this chapter is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.\n\nB. In addition, any person who violates any regulation or order of the Board,\nDirector, or Inspector, any condition of a permit, or any provision of this\nchapter shall upon such finding by an appropriate circuit court be assessed a\ncivil penalty of not more than $10,000 for each day of such violation. All civil\npenalties under this section shall be recovered in a civil action brought by the\nAttorney General in the name of the Commonwealth. The court shall direct that\nall civil penalties assessed under this section be paid into the treasury of the\ncounty or city where the gas, oil, or geophysical operation determined by the\ncourt to be in violation is located.\n\nC. The Board, with the consent of the gas, oil, or geophysical operator, may\nprovide in an order issued by the Board against such operator for the payment of\ncivil penalties for past violations in specific sums not to exceed the limit\nspecified in subsection B. Such civil penalties shall be instead of any\nappropriate civil penalty that could be imposed under this section and shall not\nbe subject to the provisions of § 2.2-514. Civil penalties collected under\nthis section shall be paid into the treasury of the county or city where the\ngas, oil, or geophysical operation subject to the order issued by the Board is\nlocated.\n\nHISTORY: 1982, c. 347, \u00a7\u00a7 45.1-358, 45.1-360; 1984, c. 590; 1990, c. 92, \u00a7\n45.1-361.8; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}