{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/45.2-608.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/45.2-608.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/45.2-608.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/45.2-608.html"}],"law_id":59160,"edition_id":1,"section_id":59160,"structure_id":15155,"section_number":"45.2-608","catch_line":" “Public uses” defined; mining, etc., of coal essential business; subject to seizure by Commonwealth","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 45-145; 1950, p. 29; 1966, c. 594, \u00a7\u00a7 45.1-145, 45.1-146; 1994, c. 28, \u00a7\u00a7 45.1-161.312, 45.1-161.313; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387.","full_text":"A\n\nAs used in this article, “public uses” means the mining, production, or marketing of coal for the purpose of providing and furnishing heat or power to the people of the Commonwealth.B\n\nAny person engaged in the business of the mining, production, or marketing of coal, any portion of which is customarily used in the manufacture of heat or power, is hereby declared to be engaged in a business essential to the health, safety, and welfare of the people of the Commonwealth. Under the conditions and in the manner set forth in this article, such business may be seized and operated by the Commonwealth, or any agency created and organized for such purpose, for public uses.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":216878,"text":"As used in this article, “public uses” means the mining, production, or marketing of coal for the purpose of providing and furnishing heat or power to the people of the Commonwealth.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":216879,"text":"Any person engaged in the business of the mining, production, or marketing of coal, any portion of which is customarily used in the manufacture of heat or power, is hereby declared to be engaged in a business essential to the health, safety, and welfare of the people of the Commonwealth. Under the conditions and in the manner set forth in this article, such business may be seized and operated by the Commonwealth, or any agency created and organized for such purpose, for public uses.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15155,"edition_id":1,"name":"Emergency Seizure of Coal Property by the Commonwealth","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":5,"order_by":1,"parent_id":15154,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:52:34","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:52:34","permalink":{"id":223039,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15155,"identifier":"3","token":"45.2\/II\/A\/6\/3","url":"\/45.2\/II\/A\/6\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":15154,"edition_id":1,"name":"Coal Mining Property, Interests, Adjacent Owners, and Dams","identifier":"6","label":"chapter","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13784,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:52:34","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:52:34","permalink":{"id":223001,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15154,"identifier":"6","token":"45.2\/II\/A\/6","url":"\/45.2\/II\/A\/6\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13784,"edition_id":1,"name":"Coal Mines Generally","identifier":"A","label":"part","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12985,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:52","permalink":{"id":222649,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13784,"identifier":"A","token":"45.2\/II\/A","url":"\/45.2\/II\/A\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12985,"edition_id":1,"name":"Coal Mining","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12713,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:06","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:06","permalink":{"id":222647,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12985,"identifier":"II","token":"45.2\/II","url":"\/45.2\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12713,"edition_id":1,"name":"Mines, Minerals, and Energy","identifier":"45.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":222539,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12713,"identifier":"45.2","token":"45.2","url":"\/45.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":59160,"structure_id":15155,"section_number":"45.2-608","catch_line":" \"Public uses\" defined; mining, etc., of coal essential business; subject to seizure by Commonwealth","url":"\/45.2-608\/","token":"45.2\/II\/A\/6\/3\/45.2-608","metadata":false},{"id":57727,"structure_id":15155,"section_number":"45.2-609","catch_line":" Interruption of public uses; proclamation of emergency; seizure","url":"\/45.2-609\/","token":"45.2\/II\/A\/6\/3\/45.2-609","metadata":false},{"id":84507,"structure_id":15155,"section_number":"45.2-610","catch_line":" Additional powers of Governor to operate seized properties","url":"\/45.2-610\/","token":"45.2\/II\/A\/6\/3\/45.2-610","metadata":false},{"id":63341,"structure_id":15155,"section_number":"45.2-611","catch_line":" Virginia Fuel Commission; purpose; membership; compensation; staff; powers and duties; report","url":"\/45.2-611\/","token":"45.2\/II\/A\/6\/3\/45.2-611","metadata":false},{"id":71240,"structure_id":15155,"section_number":"45.2-612","catch_line":" Negotiating purchase or lease of coal properties","url":"\/45.2-612\/","token":"45.2\/II\/A\/6\/3\/45.2-612","metadata":false},{"id":77757,"structure_id":15155,"section_number":"45.2-613","catch_line":" Proceedings for condemnation","url":"\/45.2-613\/","token":"45.2\/II\/A\/6\/3\/45.2-613","metadata":false},{"id":83041,"structure_id":15155,"section_number":"45.2-614","catch_line":" Expense of acquiring and operating coal property; funds derived from operation","url":"\/45.2-614\/","token":"45.2\/II\/A\/6\/3\/45.2-614","metadata":false},{"id":79284,"structure_id":15155,"section_number":"45.2-615","catch_line":"Restoration of property to owner or operator","url":"\/45.2-615\/","token":"45.2\/II\/A\/6\/3\/45.2-615","metadata":false},{"id":82887,"structure_id":15155,"section_number":"45.2-616","catch_line":" Article subject to provisions of general law","url":"\/45.2-616\/","token":"45.2\/II\/A\/6\/3\/45.2-616","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":57727,"structure_id":15155,"section_number":"45.2-609","catch_line":" Interruption of public uses; proclamation of emergency; seizure","url":"\/45.2-609\/","token":"45.2\/II\/A\/6\/3\/45.2-609","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/45.2-608\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1966, chapter 594; in 1994, chapter 28<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":223041,"object_type":"law","relational_id":59160,"identifier":"45.2-608","token":"45.2\/II\/A\/6\/3\/45.2-608","url":"\/45.2-608\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/45.2-608\/","token":"45.2\/II\/A\/6\/3\/45.2-608","dublin_core":{"Title":" “Public uses” defined; mining, etc., of coal essential business; subject to seizure by Commonwealth","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 45.2-608","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> As used in this article, “public uses<\/span>” means the mining, production, or marketing of coal for the purpose of providing and furnishing heat or power to the people of the Commonwealth. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Any person engaged in the business of the mining, production, or marketing of coal, any portion of which is customarily used in the manufacture of heat or power, is hereby declared to be engaged in a business essential to the health, safety, and welfare of the people of the Commonwealth. Under the conditions and in the manner set forth in this article, such business may be seized and operated by the Commonwealth, or any agency created and organized for such purpose, for public uses<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\n “PUBLIC USES” DEFINED; MINING, ETC., OF COAL ESSENTIAL BUSINESS;\nSUBJECT TO SEIZURE BY COMMONWEALTH (\u00a7 45.2-608)\n\nA. As used in this article, “public uses” means the mining,\nproduction, or marketing of coal for the purpose of providing and furnishing\nheat or power to the people of the Commonwealth.\n\nB. Any person engaged in the business of the mining, production, or marketing of\ncoal, any portion of which is customarily used in the manufacture of heat or\npower, is hereby declared to be engaged in a business essential to the health,\nsafety, and welfare of the people of the Commonwealth. Under the conditions and\nin the manner set forth in this article, such business may be seized and\noperated by the Commonwealth, or any agency created and organized for such\npurpose, for public uses.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 45-145; 1950, p. 29; 1966, c. 594, \u00a7\u00a7 45.1-145,\n45.1-146; 1994, c. 28, \u00a7\u00a7 45.1-161.312, 45.1-161.313; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c.\n387.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}