{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/45.2-923.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/45.2-923.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/45.2-923.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/45.2-923.html"}],"law_id":70482,"edition_id":1,"section_id":70482,"structure_id":14949,"section_number":"45.2-923","catch_line":" Loading and haulage work area requirements","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 45-85.7; 1954, c. 191; 1966, c. 594, \u00a7 45.1-36; 1978, c. 729; 1994, c. 28, \u00a7 45.1-161.276; 1996, c. 774; 2005, c. 3; 2010, cc. 809, 857; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387.","full_text":"A\n\nEvery ramp or dump shall be of solid construction, ample width, and ample clearance, and headroom shall be kept reasonably free of spillage.B\n\nBerms or guards shall be provided on the outer bank of every elevated haulage road. Every berm shall be constructed of substantial material to the mid-axle height of the largest vehicle regularly used on such haulage road. The width and height of the berm shall be constructed on a two-to-one ratio when it is constructed of unconsolidated material. Other equally effective and appropriate methods may be used for berms.C\n\nBerms, bumper blocks, safety hooks, or similar means shall be provided to prevent overtravel and overturning at dumping stations.D\n\nDumping locations and haulage roads shall be kept reasonably free of water, debris, and spillage. Water, debris, or spilled material that creates a hazard to moving equipment shall be removed.E\n\nEvery haulage road constructed on or after July 1, 2005, shall be constructed at least one and one-half times the width of the widest equipment in use, and any haulage road that is used for passing shall be constructed at least three times the width of the widest equipment in use. In any area in which it is not possible to construct the haulage road to at least the applicable minimum width, the foreman shall establish procedures for safe travel of haulage vehicles.F\n\nTraffic rules, signals, and warning signs shall be standardized at each mine and shall be posted. Such rules, signals, and signs shall include rules for the travel of on-road vehicles operating near off-road haulers in work areas.G\n\nEvery dumping station at which material is dumped over an embankment shall be designed to minimize backing and, where conditions permit, to provide for perpendicular travel to allow the equipment operator to observe the dumping station for changing conditions prior to backing. Reflectorized signs, strobe lights, or other available means shall be used to clearly indicate each dumping location. This subsection shall not apply to a dumping station (i) that is moved after each dumped load as mining progresses, (ii) where spotters are being used, or (iii) where loads are dumped short and pushed over the embankment. Any dumping station that could interfere with a haulage road or work area below shall be clearly marked with signs to prevent further dumping, unless other effective precautions are taken to protect such haulage road or work area below the dump station.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":254349,"text":"Every ramp or dump shall be of solid construction, ample width, and ample clearance, and headroom shall be kept reasonably free of spillage.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":254350,"text":"Berms or guards shall be provided on the outer bank of every elevated haulage road. Every berm shall be constructed of substantial material to the mid-axle height of the largest vehicle regularly used on such haulage road. The width and height of the berm shall be constructed on a two-to-one ratio when it is constructed of unconsolidated material. Other equally effective and appropriate methods may be used for berms.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":254351,"text":"Berms, bumper blocks, safety hooks, or similar means shall be provided to prevent overtravel and overturning at dumping stations.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":254352,"text":"Dumping locations and haulage roads shall be kept reasonably free of water, debris, and spillage. Water, debris, or spilled material that creates a hazard to moving equipment shall be removed.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"4":{"id":254353,"text":"Every haulage road constructed on or after July 1, 2005, shall be constructed at least one and one-half times the width of the widest equipment in use, and any haulage road that is used for passing shall be constructed at least three times the width of the widest equipment in use. In any area in which it is not possible to construct the haulage road to at least the applicable minimum width, the foreman shall establish procedures for safe travel of haulage vehicles.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"F"},"5":{"id":254354,"text":"Traffic rules, signals, and warning signs shall be standardized at each mine and shall be posted. Such rules, signals, and signs shall include rules for the travel of on-road vehicles operating near off-road haulers in work areas.","type":"section","prefixes":["F"],"prefix":"F","entire_prefix":"F","prefix_anchor":"F","level":1,"prior_prefix":"E","next_prefix":"G"},"6":{"id":254355,"text":"Every dumping station at which material is dumped over an embankment shall be designed to minimize backing and, where conditions permit, to provide for perpendicular travel to allow the equipment operator to observe the dumping station for changing conditions prior to backing. Reflectorized signs, strobe lights, or other available means shall be used to clearly indicate each dumping location. This subsection shall not apply to a dumping station (i) that is moved after each dumped load as mining progresses, (ii) where spotters are being used, or (iii) where loads are dumped short and pushed over the embankment. Any dumping station that could interfere with a haulage road or work area below shall be clearly marked with signs to prevent further dumping, unless other effective precautions are taken to protect such haulage road or work area below the dump station.","type":"section","prefixes":["G"],"prefix":"G","entire_prefix":"G","prefix_anchor":"G","level":1,"prior_prefix":"F"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14949,"edition_id":1,"name":"Travel Ways and Loading and Haulage Areas","identifier":"7","label":"article","depth":5,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13645,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:50:59","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:50:59","permalink":{"id":224067,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14949,"identifier":"7","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/9\/7","url":"\/45.2\/II\/C\/9\/7\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13645,"edition_id":1,"name":"Requirements Applicable to Surface Coal Mines","identifier":"9","label":"chapter","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13539,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:27","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:27","permalink":{"id":223921,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13645,"identifier":"9","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/9","url":"\/45.2\/II\/C\/9\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13539,"edition_id":1,"name":"Surface Coal Mines","identifier":"C","label":"part","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12985,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","permalink":{"id":223695,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13539,"identifier":"C","token":"45.2\/II\/C","url":"\/45.2\/II\/C\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12985,"edition_id":1,"name":"Coal Mining","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12713,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:06","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:06","permalink":{"id":222647,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12985,"identifier":"II","token":"45.2\/II","url":"\/45.2\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12713,"edition_id":1,"name":"Mines, Minerals, and Energy","identifier":"45.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":222539,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12713,"identifier":"45.2","token":"45.2","url":"\/45.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":76109,"structure_id":14949,"section_number":"45.2-922","catch_line":" Stairways, platforms, runways, and floor openings","url":"\/45.2-922\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/9\/7\/45.2-922","metadata":false},{"id":70482,"structure_id":14949,"section_number":"45.2-923","catch_line":" Loading and haulage work area requirements","url":"\/45.2-923\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/9\/7\/45.2-923","metadata":false},{"id":57037,"structure_id":14949,"section_number":"45.2-924","catch_line":" Equipment operation","url":"\/45.2-924\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/9\/7\/45.2-924","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":76109,"structure_id":14949,"section_number":"45.2-922","catch_line":" Stairways, platforms, runways, and floor openings","url":"\/45.2-922\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/9\/7\/45.2-922","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":57037,"structure_id":14949,"section_number":"45.2-924","catch_line":" Equipment operation","url":"\/45.2-924\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/9\/7\/45.2-924","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/45.2-923\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 7 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1954, chapter 191; in 1966, chapter 594; in 1978, chapter 729; in 1994, chapter 28<\/a>; in 1996, chapter 774<\/a>; in 2005, chapter 3<\/a>; in 2010, chapters 809<\/a> and 857<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":224073,"object_type":"law","relational_id":70482,"identifier":"45.2-923","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/9\/7\/45.2-923","url":"\/45.2-923\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/45.2-923\/","token":"45.2\/II\/C\/9\/7\/45.2-923","dublin_core":{"Title":" Loading and haulage work area requirements","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 45.2-923","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Every ramp or dump shall be of solid construction, ample width, and ample clearance, and headroom shall be kept reasonably free of spillage. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Berms or guards shall be provided on the outer bank of every elevated haulage road. Every berm shall be constructed of substantial material<\/span> to the mid-axle height of the largest vehicle regularly used on such haulage road. The width and height of the berm shall be constructed on a two-to-one ratio when it is constructed of unconsolidated material<\/span>. Other equally effective and appropriate methods may be used for berms. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Berms, bumper blocks, safety hooks, or similar means shall be provided to prevent overtravel and overturning at dumping stations. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> Dumping locations and haulage roads shall be kept reasonably free of water, debris, and spillage. Water, debris, or spilled material<\/span> that creates a hazard to moving equipment shall be removed. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> Every haulage road constructed on or after July 1, 2005, shall be constructed at least one and one-half times the width of the widest equipment in use, and any haulage road that is used for passing shall be constructed at least three times the width of the widest equipment in use. In any area in which it is not possible to construct the haulage road to at least the applicable minimum width, the foreman<\/span> shall establish procedures for safe travel of haulage vehicles. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

F.<\/span> Traffic rules, signals, and warning signs shall be standardized at each mine and shall be posted. Such rules, signals, and signs shall include rules for the travel of on-road vehicles operating near off-road haulers in work areas. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

G.<\/span> Every dumping station at which material<\/span> is dumped over an embankment shall be designed to minimize backing and, where conditions permit, to provide for perpendicular travel to allow the equipment operator to observe the dumping station for changing conditions prior to backing. Reflectorized signs, strobe lights, or other available means shall be used to clearly indicate each dumping location. This subsection shall not apply to a dumping station (i) that is moved after each dumped load as mining progresses, (ii) where spotters are being used, or (iii) where loads are dumped short and pushed over the embankment. Any dumping station that could interfere with a haulage road or work area below shall be clearly marked with signs to prevent further dumping, unless other effective precautions are taken to protect such haulage road or work area below the dump station. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\n LOADING AND HAULAGE WORK AREA REQUIREMENTS (\u00a7 45.2-923)\n\nA. Every ramp or dump shall be of solid construction, ample width, and ample\nclearance, and headroom shall be kept reasonably free of spillage.\n\nB. Berms or guards shall be provided on the outer bank of every elevated haulage\nroad. Every berm shall be constructed of substantial material to the mid-axle\nheight of the largest vehicle regularly used on such haulage road. The width and\nheight of the berm shall be constructed on a two-to-one ratio when it is\nconstructed of unconsolidated material. Other equally effective and appropriate\nmethods may be used for berms.\n\nC. Berms, bumper blocks, safety hooks, or similar means shall be provided to\nprevent overtravel and overturning at dumping stations.\n\nD. Dumping locations and haulage roads shall be kept reasonably free of water,\ndebris, and spillage. Water, debris, or spilled material that creates a hazard\nto moving equipment shall be removed.\n\nE. Every haulage road constructed on or after July 1, 2005, shall be constructed\nat least one and one-half times the width of the widest equipment in use, and\nany haulage road that is used for passing shall be constructed at least three\ntimes the width of the widest equipment in use. In any area in which it is not\npossible to construct the haulage road to at least the applicable minimum width,\nthe foreman shall establish procedures for safe travel of haulage vehicles.\n\nF. Traffic rules, signals, and warning signs shall be standardized at each mine\nand shall be posted. Such rules, signals, and signs shall include rules for the\ntravel of on-road vehicles operating near off-road haulers in work areas.\n\nG. Every dumping station at which material is dumped over an embankment shall be\ndesigned to minimize backing and, where conditions permit, to provide for\nperpendicular travel to allow the equipment operator to observe the dumping\nstation for changing conditions prior to backing. Reflectorized signs, strobe\nlights, or other available means shall be used to clearly indicate each dumping\nlocation. This subsection shall not apply to a dumping station (i) that is moved\nafter each dumped load as mining progresses, (ii) where spotters are being used,\nor (iii) where loads are dumped short and pushed over the embankment. Any\ndumping station that could interfere with a haulage road or work area below\nshall be clearly marked with signs to prevent further dumping, unless other\neffective precautions are taken to protect such haulage road or work area below\nthe dump station.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 45-85.7; 1954, c. 191; 1966, c. 594, \u00a7 45.1-36; 1978, c.\n729; 1994, c. 28, \u00a7 45.1-161.276; 1996, c. 774; 2005, c. 3; 2010, cc. 809, 857;\n2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}