{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/46.2-1500.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/46.2-1500.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/46.2-1500.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/46.2-1500.html"}],"law_id":84929,"edition_id":1,"section_id":84929,"structure_id":13971,"section_number":"46.2-1500","catch_line":"Definitions","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 46-503; 1950, p. 1604; 1956, c. 120; 1958, c. 541, \u00a7 46.1-516; 1962, c. 368; 1964, c. 375; 1974, c. 189; 1975, c. 304; 1976, c. 362; 1980, c. 161; 1982, c. 394; 1983, c. 234; 1986, c. 630; 1988, c. 865; 1989, cc. 15, 148, 727; 1992, cc. 134, 148, 572; 1993, c. 124; 1994, c. 888; 1995, cc. 767, 816; 1996, c. 1053; 1997, cc. 801, 848; 1999, cc. 77, 910; 2004, cc. 111, 788; 2005, c. 456; 2006, c. 441; 2010, cc. 284, 292, 318, 459; 2014, cc. 53, 75, 256; 2015, cc. 236, 615; 2019, c. 160; 2020, c. 984; 2025, cc. 565, 579.","full_text":"As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:\n\t\t“Affiliate” means any entity in which a manufacturer, factory branch, distributor, or distributor branch has voting control or owns at least 51 percent of the ownership equity, or any entity in which another entity has voting control or owns at least 51 percent of the ownership equity and also has voting control and owns at least 51 percent of the ownership of a manufacturer, factory branch, distributor, or distributor branch. An entity that provides vehicle purchase or lease financing that uses the name of the manufacturer or distributor, or the name of any line make of the manufacturer or distributor, in the name of the entity under which it transacts business with a consumer, other than in the name of an individual product offered by the entity, shall be considered an “affiliate.”\n\t\t“Board” means the Motor Vehicle Dealer Board.\n\t\t“Camping trailer” means a recreational vehicle constructed with collapsible partial side walls that fold for towing by a consumer-owned tow vehicle and unfold at the campsite to provide temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, or travel use.\n\t\t“Certificate of origin” means the document provided by the manufacturer of a new motor vehicle or new trailer, or its distributor, which is the only valid indication of ownership between the manufacturer, its distributor, its franchised motor vehicle dealers, and the original purchaser not for resale.\n\t\t“Dealer-operator” means the individual who works at the established place of business of a dealer and who is responsible for and in charge of day-to-day operations of that place of business.\n\t\t“Demonstrator” means a new motor vehicle having a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 16,000 pounds that (i) has more than 750 miles accumulated on its odometer that has been driven by dealer personnel or by prospective purchasers during the course of selling, displaying, demonstrating, showing, or exhibiting it and (ii) may be sold as a new motor vehicle, provided the dealer complies with the provisions of subsection D of \u00a7 46.2-1530.\n\t\t“Distributor” means a person who is licensed by the Department under this chapter and who sells or distributes new motor vehicles or new trailers pursuant to a written agreement with the manufacturer to franchised motor vehicle dealers in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Distributor branch” means a branch office licensed by the Department under this chapter and maintained by a distributor for the sale of motor vehicles to motor vehicle dealers or for directing or supervising, in whole or in part, its representatives in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Distributor representative” means a person who is licensed by the Department under this chapter and employed by a distributor or by a distributor branch, for the purpose of making or promoting the sale of motor vehicles or for supervising or contacting its dealers, prospective dealers, or representatives in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Factory branch” means a branch office maintained by a person for the sale of motor vehicles to distributors or for the sale of motor vehicles to motor vehicle dealers, or for directing or supervising, in whole or in part, its representatives in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Factory representative” means a person who is licensed by the Department under this chapter and employed by a person who manufactures or assembles motor vehicles or by a factory branch for the purpose of making or promoting the sale of its motor vehicles or for supervising or contacting its dealers, prospective dealers, or representatives in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Factory repurchase motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle sold, leased, rented, consigned, or otherwise transferred to a person under an agreement that the motor vehicle will be resold or otherwise retransferred only to the manufacturer or distributor of the motor vehicle, and which is reacquired by the manufacturer or distributor, or its agents.\n\t\t“Family member” means a person who either (i) is the spouse, child, grandchild, spouse of a child, spouse of a grandchild, brother, sister, or parent of the dealer or owner or (ii) has been employed continuously by the dealer for at least five years.\n\t\t“Franchise” means a written contract or agreement between two or more persons whereby one person, the franchisee, is granted the right to engage in the business of offering and selling, offering and delivering pursuant to a lease, servicing, or offering, selling, and servicing new trailers with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 30,000 pounds or new motor vehicles of a particular line-make or late model or used motor vehicles of a particular line-make manufactured or distributed by the grantor of the right, the franchisor, and where the operation of the franchisee’s business is substantially associated with the franchisor’s trademark, trade name, advertising, or other commercial symbol designating the franchisor, the motor vehicle or its manufacturer or distributor. “Franchise” includes any severable part or parts of a franchise agreement which separately provides for selling and servicing different line-makes of the franchisor.\n\t\t“Franchised late model or franchised used motor vehicle dealer” means a dealer selling used motor vehicles, including vehicles purchased from the franchisor, under the trademark of a manufacturer or distributor that has a franchise agreement with a manufacturer or distributor.\n\t\t“Franchised motor vehicle dealer” or “franchised dealer” means a dealer in new trailers with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 30,000 pounds or new motor vehicles that has a franchise agreement with a manufacturer or distributor of new trailers with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 30,000 pounds or new motor vehicles to sell new trailers with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 30,000 pounds or new motor vehicles or to sell used motor vehicles under the trademark of a manufacturer or distributor regardless of the age of the motor vehicles.\n\t\t“Fund” means the Motor Vehicle Dealer Board Fund.\n\t\t“Independent motor vehicle dealer” means a dealer in used motor vehicles.\n\t\t“Late model motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle of the current model year and the immediately preceding model year.\n\t\t“Line-make” means the name of the motor vehicle manufacturer or distributor and a brand or name plate marketed by the manufacturer or distributor. The line-make of a motorcycle manufacturer, factory branch, distributor, or distributor branch includes every brand of all-terrain vehicle, autocycle, and off-road motorcycle manufactured or distributed bearing the name of the motorcycle manufacturer or distributer.\n\t\t“Manufactured home dealer” means any person licensed as a manufactured home dealer under Chapter 4.2 (\u00a7 36-85.16 et seq.) of Title 36.\n\t\t“Manufacturer” means a person who is licensed by the Department under this chapter and engaged in the business of constructing or assembling new motor vehicles or new trailers and, in the case of trucks, recreational vehicles, and motor homes, also means a person engaged in the business of manufacturing engines, transmissions, power trains, or rear axles, when such engines, transmissions, power trains, or rear axles are not warranted by the final manufacturer or assembler of the truck, recreational vehicle, or motor home.\n\t\t“Motorcycle” means every motor vehicle designed to travel on not more than three wheels in contact with the ground, except any vehicle within the term “farm tractor” or “moped” as defined in \u00a7 46.2-100. Except as otherwise provided, for the purposes of this chapter, all-terrain vehicles, autocycles, and off-road motorcycles are deemed to be motorcycles.\n\t\t“Motor home” means a motorized recreational vehicle designed to provide temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, or travel use that contains at least four of the following permanently installed independent life support systems that meet the National Fire Protection Association standards for recreational vehicles: (i) a cooking facility with an onboard fuel source; (ii) a potable water supply system that includes at least a sink, a faucet, and a water tank with an exterior service supply connection; (iii) a toilet with exterior evacuation; (iv) a gas or electric refrigerator; (v) a heating or air conditioning system with an onboard power or fuel source separate from the vehicle engine; or (vi) a 110-125 volt electric power supply.\n\t\t“Motor vehicle” means the same as provided in \u00a7 46.2-100, except, for the purposes of this chapter, “motor vehicle” includes trailers, as defined in this section, and does not include (i) manufactured homes, sales of which are regulated under Chapter 4.2 (\u00a7 36-85.16 et seq.) of Title 36; (ii) nonrepairable vehicles, as defined in \u00a7 46.2-1600; (iii) salvage vehicles, as defined in \u00a7 46.2-1600; or (iv) mobile cranes that exceed the size or weight limitations as set forth in \u00a7 46.2-1105, 46.2-1110, or 46.2-1113 or Article 17 (\u00a7 46.2-1122 et seq.) of Chapter 10.\n\t\t“Motor vehicle dealer” or “dealer” means any person who:\n\n1\n\nFor commission, money, or other thing of value, buys for resale, sells, or exchanges, either outright or on conditional sale, lease, chattel mortgage, or other similar transaction or arranges or offers or attempts to solicit or negotiate on behalf of others the sale, purchase, or exchange of, either outright or on conditional sale, lease, chattel mortgage, or other similar transaction, an interest in new motor vehicles, new and used motor vehicles, or used motor vehicles alone, whether or not the motor vehicles are owned by him; or2\n\nIs wholly or partly engaged in the business of selling new motor vehicles, new and used motor vehicles, or used motor vehicles only, whether or not the motor vehicles are owned by him.\n\t\t\tAny person who offers to sell, sells, displays, or permits the display for sale, of five or more motor vehicles within any 12 consecutive months is presumed to be a motor vehicle dealer and may rebut the presumption by a preponderance of the evidence.\n\t\t\tFor the purposes of Article 7.2 (§ 46.2-1573.2 et seq.), “dealer” means recreational vehicle dealer. For the purposes of Article 7.3 (§ 46.2-1573.13 et seq.), “dealer” means watercraft trailer dealer and trailer dealer of new trailers with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 30,000 pounds. For the purposes of Article 7.4 (§ 46.2-1573.25 et seq.), “dealer” means motorcycle dealer.\n\t\t\t“Motor vehicle dealer” or “dealer” does not include:1\n\nReceivers, trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, conservators or other persons appointed by or acting under judgment or order of any court or their employees when engaged in the specific performance of their duties as employees.2\n\nPublic officers, their deputies, assistants, or employees, while performing their official duties.3\n\nPersons other than business entities primarily engaged in the leasing or renting of motor vehicles to others when selling or offering such vehicles for sale at retail, disposing of motor vehicles acquired for their own use and actually so used, when the vehicles have been so acquired and used in good faith and not for the purpose of avoiding the provisions of this chapter.4\n\nPersons dealing solely in the sale and distribution of fire-fighting vehicles, ambulances, and funeral vehicles, including motor vehicles adapted therefor; however, this exemption shall not exempt any person from the provisions of §§ 46.2-1519, 46.2-1520, and 46.2-1548.5\n\nAny financial institution chartered or authorized to do business under the laws of the Commonwealth or the United States which may have received title to a motor vehicle in the normal course of its business by reason of a foreclosure, other taking, repossession, or voluntary reconveyance to that institution occurring as a result of any loan secured by a lien on the vehicle.6\n\nAn employee of an organization arranging for the purchase or lease by the organization of vehicles for use in the organization’s business.7\n\nAny person licensed to sell real estate who sells a manufactured home or similar vehicle in conjunction with the sale of the parcel of land on which the manufactured home or similar vehicle is located.8\n\nAny person who permits the operation of a motor vehicle show or permits the display of motor vehicles for sale by any motor vehicle dealer licensed under this chapter.9\n\nAn insurance company authorized to do business in the Commonwealth that sells or disposes of vehicles under a contract with its insured in the regular course of business.10\n\nAny publication, broadcast, or other communications media when engaged in the business of advertising, but not otherwise arranging for the sale of vehicles owned by others.11\n\nAny person dealing solely in the sale or lease of vehicles designed exclusively for off-road use.12\n\nAny credit union authorized to do business in Virginia, provided the credit union does not receive a commission, money, or other thing of value directly from a motor vehicle dealer.13\n\nAny person licensed as a manufactured home dealer, broker, manufacturer, or salesperson under Chapter 4.2 (§ 36-85.16 et seq.) of Title 36.14\n\nThe State Department of Social Services or local departments of social services.15\n\nAny person dealing solely in the sale and distribution of utility or cargo trailers that have unloaded weights of 3,000 pounds or less; however, this exemption shall not exempt any person who deals in stock trailers or watercraft trailers.16\n\nAny motor vehicle manufacturer or distributor selling a new motor vehicle at wholesale to its franchised dealer or a used motor vehicle to a licensed dealer.\n\t\t\tFor the purposes of Article 7 (§ 46.2-1566 et seq.), “dealer” does not include recreational vehicle dealers, trailer dealers, watercraft trailer dealers, or motorcycle dealers.\n\t\t\t“Motor vehicle salesperson” or “salesperson” means (i) any person who is hired as an employee by a motor vehicle dealer to sell or exchange motor vehicles and who receives or expects to receive a commission, fee, or any other consideration from the dealer; (ii) any person who supervises salespersons employed by a motor vehicle dealer, whether compensated by salary or by commission; (iii) any person, compensated by salary or commission by a motor vehicle dealer, who negotiates with or induces a customer to enter into a security agreement on behalf of a dealer; or (iv) any person who is licensed as a motor vehicle dealer and who sells or exchanges motor vehicles. For purposes of this section, any person who is an independent contractor as defined by the United States Internal Revenue Code shall be deemed not to be a motor vehicle salesperson.\n\t\t\t“Motor vehicle show” means a display of motor vehicles to the general public at a location other than a dealer’s location licensed under this chapter where the vehicles are not being offered for sale or exchange during or as part of the display.\n\t\t\t“New motor vehicle” means any vehicle, excluding trailers, that is in the possession of the manufacturer, factory branch, distributor, distributor branch, or motor vehicle dealer and for which an original title has not been issued by the Department or by the issuing agency of any other state and has less than 7,500 miles accumulated on its odometer.\n\t\t\t“New trailer” means any trailer that (i) has not been previously sold except in good faith for the purpose of resale; (ii) has not been used as a rental, driver education, or demonstration trailer or for the personal or business transportation of the manufacturer, distributor, dealer, or any of its employees; (iii) has not been used except for limited use necessary in moving or road testing the trailer prior to delivery to a customer; (iv) is transferred by a certificate of origin; and (v) has the manufacturer’s certification that it conforms to all applicable federal trailer safety and emission standards. Notwithstanding clauses (i) and (iii), a trailer that has been previously sold but not titled shall be deemed a new trailer if it meets the requirements of clauses (ii), (iv), and (v).\n\t\t\t“Original license” means a motor vehicle dealer license issued to an applicant who has never been licensed as a motor vehicle dealer in Virginia or whose Virginia motor vehicle dealer license has been expired for more than 30 days.\n\t\t\t“Recreational vehicle” or “RV” means a vehicle that (i) is either self-propelled or towed by a consumer-owned tow vehicle, (ii) is primarily designed to provide temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, or travel use; and (iii) complies with all applicable federal vehicle regulations and does not require a special movement permit to legally use the highways. Recreational vehicle includes motor homes, travel trailers, and camping trailers.\n\t\t\t“Relevant market area” means as follows:1\n\nFor motor vehicle dealers except motorcycle dealers, in metropolitan localities the relevant market area shall be a circular area around an existing franchised dealer with a population of 250,000, not to exceed a radius of 10 miles, but in no case less than seven miles.2\n\nFor motor vehicle dealers except motorcycle dealers, if the population in a circular area within a radius of 10 miles around an existing franchised dealer is less than 250,000, but the population in an area within a radius of 15 miles around an existing franchised dealer is 150,000 or more, the relevant market area shall be that circular area within the 15-mile radius.3\n\nFor motor vehicle dealers except motorcycle dealers, in all other cases the relevant market area shall be a circular area within a radius of 20 miles around an existing franchised dealer or the area of responsibility defined in the franchise agreement, whichever is greater. In any case where the franchise agreement is silent as to area of responsibility, the relevant market area shall be the greater of a circular area within a radius of 20 miles around an existing franchised dealer or that area in which the franchisor otherwise requires the franchisee to make significant retail sales or sales efforts.4\n\nFor motorcycle dealers, the relevant market area shall be a circular area within a radius of 20 miles if the population within such area around an existing franchised dealer location is one million or more. If the population in a circular area within a 20-mile radius is less than one million, the relevant market area shall be a circular area within a radius of 30 miles. If the population within a 30-mile radius is less than one million, the relevant market area shall be a circular area within a radius of 40 miles. In all cases, the relevant market area shall be the area described above or the area of responsibility defined in the franchise agreement, whichever is greater. In addition, the relevant market area shall include that area in which the franchisor otherwise requires the franchisee to make significant retail sales or sales efforts.\n\t\t\tNotwithstanding the foregoing provision of this section, in the case of dealers in motor vehicles with gross vehicle weight ratings of 26,000 pounds or greater, excluding recreational vehicles, the relevant market area with respect to the dealer’s franchise for all such vehicles shall be a circular area around an existing franchised dealer with a radius of 25 miles, except where the population in such circular area is less than 250,000, in which case the relevant market area shall be a circular area around an existing franchised dealer with a radius of 50 miles, or the area of responsibility defined in the franchise, whichever is greater.\n\t\t\tIn determining population for relevant market areas, the most recent census by the U.S. Bureau of the Census or the most recent population update, either from the National Planning Data Corporation or other similar recognized source, shall be accumulated for all census tracts either wholly or partially within the relevant market area.\n\t\t\t“Retail installment sale” means every sale of one or more motor vehicles to a buyer for his use and not for resale, in which the price of the vehicle is payable in one or more installments and in which the seller has either retained title to the goods or has taken or retained a security interest in the goods under form of contract designated either as a security agreement, conditional sale, bailment lease, chattel mortgage, or otherwise.\n\t\t\t“Sale at retail” or “retail sale” means the act or attempted act of selling, bartering, exchanging, or otherwise disposing of a motor vehicle to a buyer for his personal use and not for resale.\n\t\t\t“Sale at wholesale” or “wholesale” means a sale to motor vehicle dealers or wholesalers other than to consumers; a sale to one who intends to resell.\n\t\t\t“Semitrailer” means every vehicle of the trailer type so designed and used in conjunction with another motor vehicle that some part of its own weight and that of its own load rests on or is carried by another vehicle.\n\t\t\t“Tractor truck” means every motor vehicle designed and used primarily for drawing other vehicles and not so constructed as to carry a load other than a part of the load and weight of the vehicle attached thereto.\n\t\t\t“Trailer” means every vehicle without motive power designed for carrying property or passengers wholly on its own structure and for being drawn by another motor vehicle, including semitrailers but not manufactured homes, watercraft trailers, camping trailers, or travel trailers.\n\t\t\t“Travel trailer” means a vehicle designed to provide temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, or travel use of such size or weight so as not to require a special highway movement permit when towed by a consumer-owned tow vehicle.\n\t\t\t“Used motor vehicle” means any vehicle other than a new motor vehicle as defined in this section.\n\t\t\t“Watercraft trailer” means any new or used trailer specifically designed to carry a watercraft or a motorboat and purchased, sold, or offered for sale by a watercraft dealer licensed under Chapter 8 (§ 29.1-800 et seq.) of Title 29.1.\n\t\t\t“Watercraft trailer dealer” means any watercraft dealer licensed under Chapter 8 (§ 29.1-800 et seq.) of Title 29.1.\n\t\t\t“Wholesale auction” means an auction of motor vehicles restricted to sales at wholesale.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":304262,"text":"As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:\n\t\t“Affiliate” means any entity in which a manufacturer, factory branch, distributor, or distributor branch has voting control or owns at least 51 percent of the ownership equity, or any entity in which another entity has voting control or owns at least 51 percent of the ownership equity and also has voting control and owns at least 51 percent of the ownership of a manufacturer, factory branch, distributor, or distributor branch. An entity that provides vehicle purchase or lease financing that uses the name of the manufacturer or distributor, or the name of any line make of the manufacturer or distributor, in the name of the entity under which it transacts business with a consumer, other than in the name of an individual product offered by the entity, shall be considered an “affiliate.”\n\t\t“Board” means the Motor Vehicle Dealer Board.\n\t\t“Camping trailer” means a recreational vehicle constructed with collapsible partial side walls that fold for towing by a consumer-owned tow vehicle and unfold at the campsite to provide temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, or travel use.\n\t\t“Certificate of origin” means the document provided by the manufacturer of a new motor vehicle or new trailer, or its distributor, which is the only valid indication of ownership between the manufacturer, its distributor, its franchised motor vehicle dealers, and the original purchaser not for resale.\n\t\t“Dealer-operator” means the individual who works at the established place of business of a dealer and who is responsible for and in charge of day-to-day operations of that place of business.\n\t\t“Demonstrator” means a new motor vehicle having a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 16,000 pounds that (i) has more than 750 miles accumulated on its odometer that has been driven by dealer personnel or by prospective purchasers during the course of selling, displaying, demonstrating, showing, or exhibiting it and (ii) may be sold as a new motor vehicle, provided the dealer complies with the provisions of subsection D of \u00a7 46.2-1530.\n\t\t“Distributor” means a person who is licensed by the Department under this chapter and who sells or distributes new motor vehicles or new trailers pursuant to a written agreement with the manufacturer to franchised motor vehicle dealers in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Distributor branch” means a branch office licensed by the Department under this chapter and maintained by a distributor for the sale of motor vehicles to motor vehicle dealers or for directing or supervising, in whole or in part, its representatives in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Distributor representative” means a person who is licensed by the Department under this chapter and employed by a distributor or by a distributor branch, for the purpose of making or promoting the sale of motor vehicles or for supervising or contacting its dealers, prospective dealers, or representatives in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Factory branch” means a branch office maintained by a person for the sale of motor vehicles to distributors or for the sale of motor vehicles to motor vehicle dealers, or for directing or supervising, in whole or in part, its representatives in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Factory representative” means a person who is licensed by the Department under this chapter and employed by a person who manufactures or assembles motor vehicles or by a factory branch for the purpose of making or promoting the sale of its motor vehicles or for supervising or contacting its dealers, prospective dealers, or representatives in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Factory repurchase motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle sold, leased, rented, consigned, or otherwise transferred to a person under an agreement that the motor vehicle will be resold or otherwise retransferred only to the manufacturer or distributor of the motor vehicle, and which is reacquired by the manufacturer or distributor, or its agents.\n\t\t“Family member” means a person who either (i) is the spouse, child, grandchild, spouse of a child, spouse of a grandchild, brother, sister, or parent of the dealer or owner or (ii) has been employed continuously by the dealer for at least five years.\n\t\t“Franchise” means a written contract or agreement between two or more persons whereby one person, the franchisee, is granted the right to engage in the business of offering and selling, offering and delivering pursuant to a lease, servicing, or offering, selling, and servicing new trailers with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 30,000 pounds or new motor vehicles of a particular line-make or late model or used motor vehicles of a particular line-make manufactured or distributed by the grantor of the right, the franchisor, and where the operation of the franchisee’s business is substantially associated with the franchisor’s trademark, trade name, advertising, or other commercial symbol designating the franchisor, the motor vehicle or its manufacturer or distributor. “Franchise” includes any severable part or parts of a franchise agreement which separately provides for selling and servicing different line-makes of the franchisor.\n\t\t“Franchised late model or franchised used motor vehicle dealer” means a dealer selling used motor vehicles, including vehicles purchased from the franchisor, under the trademark of a manufacturer or distributor that has a franchise agreement with a manufacturer or distributor.\n\t\t“Franchised motor vehicle dealer” or “franchised dealer” means a dealer in new trailers with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 30,000 pounds or new motor vehicles that has a franchise agreement with a manufacturer or distributor of new trailers with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 30,000 pounds or new motor vehicles to sell new trailers with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 30,000 pounds or new motor vehicles or to sell used motor vehicles under the trademark of a manufacturer or distributor regardless of the age of the motor vehicles.\n\t\t“Fund” means the Motor Vehicle Dealer Board Fund.\n\t\t“Independent motor vehicle dealer” means a dealer in used motor vehicles.\n\t\t“Late model motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle of the current model year and the immediately preceding model year.\n\t\t“Line-make” means the name of the motor vehicle manufacturer or distributor and a brand or name plate marketed by the manufacturer or distributor. The line-make of a motorcycle manufacturer, factory branch, distributor, or distributor branch includes every brand of all-terrain vehicle, autocycle, and off-road motorcycle manufactured or distributed bearing the name of the motorcycle manufacturer or distributer.\n\t\t“Manufactured home dealer” means any person licensed as a manufactured home dealer under Chapter 4.2 (\u00a7 36-85.16 et seq.) of Title 36.\n\t\t“Manufacturer” means a person who is licensed by the Department under this chapter and engaged in the business of constructing or assembling new motor vehicles or new trailers and, in the case of trucks, recreational vehicles, and motor homes, also means a person engaged in the business of manufacturing engines, transmissions, power trains, or rear axles, when such engines, transmissions, power trains, or rear axles are not warranted by the final manufacturer or assembler of the truck, recreational vehicle, or motor home.\n\t\t“Motorcycle” means every motor vehicle designed to travel on not more than three wheels in contact with the ground, except any vehicle within the term “farm tractor” or “moped” as defined in \u00a7 46.2-100. Except as otherwise provided, for the purposes of this chapter, all-terrain vehicles, autocycles, and off-road motorcycles are deemed to be motorcycles.\n\t\t“Motor home” means a motorized recreational vehicle designed to provide temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, or travel use that contains at least four of the following permanently installed independent life support systems that meet the National Fire Protection Association standards for recreational vehicles: (i) a cooking facility with an onboard fuel source; (ii) a potable water supply system that includes at least a sink, a faucet, and a water tank with an exterior service supply connection; (iii) a toilet with exterior evacuation; (iv) a gas or electric refrigerator; (v) a heating or air conditioning system with an onboard power or fuel source separate from the vehicle engine; or (vi) a 110-125 volt electric power supply.\n\t\t“Motor vehicle” means the same as provided in \u00a7 46.2-100, except, for the purposes of this chapter, “motor vehicle” includes trailers, as defined in this section, and does not include (i) manufactured homes, sales of which are regulated under Chapter 4.2 (\u00a7 36-85.16 et seq.) of Title 36; (ii) nonrepairable vehicles, as defined in \u00a7 46.2-1600; (iii) salvage vehicles, as defined in \u00a7 46.2-1600; or (iv) mobile cranes that exceed the size or weight limitations as set forth in \u00a7 46.2-1105, 46.2-1110, or 46.2-1113 or Article 17 (\u00a7 46.2-1122 et seq.) of Chapter 10.\n\t\t“Motor vehicle dealer” or “dealer” means any person who:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":304263,"text":"For commission, money, or other thing of value, buys for resale, sells, or exchanges, either outright or on conditional sale, lease, chattel mortgage, or other similar transaction or arranges or offers or attempts to solicit or negotiate on behalf of others the sale, purchase, or exchange of, either outright or on conditional sale, lease, chattel mortgage, or other similar transaction, an interest in new motor vehicles, new and used motor vehicles, or used motor vehicles alone, whether or not the motor vehicles are owned by him; or","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":304264,"text":"Is wholly or partly engaged in the business of selling new motor vehicles, new and used motor vehicles, or used motor vehicles only, whether or not the motor vehicles are owned by him.\n\t\t\tAny person who offers to sell, sells, displays, or permits the display for sale, of five or more motor vehicles within any 12 consecutive months is presumed to be a motor vehicle dealer and may rebut the presumption by a preponderance of the evidence.\n\t\t\tFor the purposes of Article 7.2 (§ 46.2-1573.2 et seq.), “dealer” means recreational vehicle dealer. For the purposes of Article 7.3 (§ 46.2-1573.13 et seq.), “dealer” means watercraft trailer dealer and trailer dealer of new trailers with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 30,000 pounds. For the purposes of Article 7.4 (§ 46.2-1573.25 et seq.), “dealer” means motorcycle dealer.\n\t\t\t“Motor vehicle dealer” or “dealer” does not include:","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"1"},"3":{"id":304265,"text":"Receivers, trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, conservators or other persons appointed by or acting under judgment or order of any court or their employees when engaged in the specific performance of their duties as employees.","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"2"},"4":{"id":304266,"text":"Public officers, their deputies, assistants, or employees, while performing their official duties.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"5":{"id":304267,"text":"Persons other than business entities primarily engaged in the leasing or renting of motor vehicles to others when selling or offering such vehicles for sale at retail, disposing of motor vehicles acquired for their own use and actually so used, when the vehicles have been so acquired and used in good faith and not for the purpose of avoiding the provisions of this chapter.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"6":{"id":304268,"text":"Persons dealing solely in the sale and distribution of fire-fighting vehicles, ambulances, and funeral vehicles, including motor vehicles adapted therefor; however, this exemption shall not exempt any person from the provisions of §§ 46.2-1519, 46.2-1520, and 46.2-1548.","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3","next_prefix":"5"},"7":{"id":304269,"text":"Any financial institution chartered or authorized to do business under the laws of the Commonwealth or the United States which may have received title to a motor vehicle in the normal course of its business by reason of a foreclosure, other taking, repossession, or voluntary reconveyance to that institution occurring as a result of any loan secured by a lien on the vehicle.","type":"section","prefixes":["5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"5","prefix_anchor":"5","level":1,"prior_prefix":"4","next_prefix":"6"},"8":{"id":304270,"text":"An employee of an organization arranging for the purchase or lease by the organization of vehicles for use in the organization’s business.","type":"section","prefixes":["6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"6","prefix_anchor":"6","level":1,"prior_prefix":"5","next_prefix":"7"},"9":{"id":304271,"text":"Any person licensed to sell real estate who sells a manufactured home or similar vehicle in conjunction with the sale of the parcel of land on which the manufactured home or similar vehicle is located.","type":"section","prefixes":["7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"7","prefix_anchor":"7","level":1,"prior_prefix":"6","next_prefix":"8"},"10":{"id":304272,"text":"Any person who permits the operation of a motor vehicle show or permits the display of motor vehicles for sale by any motor vehicle dealer licensed under this chapter.","type":"section","prefixes":["8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"8","prefix_anchor":"8","level":1,"prior_prefix":"7","next_prefix":"9"},"11":{"id":304273,"text":"An insurance company authorized to do business in the Commonwealth that sells or disposes of vehicles under a contract with its insured in the regular course of business.","type":"section","prefixes":["9"],"prefix":"9","entire_prefix":"9","prefix_anchor":"9","level":1,"prior_prefix":"8","next_prefix":"10"},"12":{"id":304274,"text":"Any publication, broadcast, or other communications media when engaged in the business of advertising, but not otherwise arranging for the sale of vehicles owned by others.","type":"section","prefixes":["10"],"prefix":"10","entire_prefix":"10","prefix_anchor":"10","level":1,"prior_prefix":"9","next_prefix":"11"},"13":{"id":304275,"text":"Any person dealing solely in the sale or lease of vehicles designed exclusively for off-road use.","type":"section","prefixes":["11"],"prefix":"11","entire_prefix":"11","prefix_anchor":"11","level":1,"prior_prefix":"10","next_prefix":"12"},"14":{"id":304276,"text":"Any credit union authorized to do business in Virginia, provided the credit union does not receive a commission, money, or other thing of value directly from a motor vehicle dealer.","type":"section","prefixes":["12"],"prefix":"12","entire_prefix":"12","prefix_anchor":"12","level":1,"prior_prefix":"11","next_prefix":"13"},"15":{"id":304277,"text":"Any person licensed as a manufactured home dealer, broker, manufacturer, or salesperson under Chapter 4.2 (§ 36-85.16 et seq.) of Title 36.","type":"section","prefixes":["13"],"prefix":"13","entire_prefix":"13","prefix_anchor":"13","level":1,"prior_prefix":"12","next_prefix":"14"},"16":{"id":304278,"text":"The State Department of Social Services or local departments of social services.","type":"section","prefixes":["14"],"prefix":"14","entire_prefix":"14","prefix_anchor":"14","level":1,"prior_prefix":"13","next_prefix":"15"},"17":{"id":304279,"text":"Any person dealing solely in the sale and distribution of utility or cargo trailers that have unloaded weights of 3,000 pounds or less; however, this exemption shall not exempt any person who deals in stock trailers or watercraft trailers.","type":"section","prefixes":["15"],"prefix":"15","entire_prefix":"15","prefix_anchor":"15","level":1,"prior_prefix":"14","next_prefix":"16"},"18":{"id":304280,"text":"Any motor vehicle manufacturer or distributor selling a new motor vehicle at wholesale to its franchised dealer or a used motor vehicle to a licensed dealer.\n\t\t\tFor the purposes of Article 7 (§ 46.2-1566 et seq.), “dealer” does not include recreational vehicle dealers, trailer dealers, watercraft trailer dealers, or motorcycle dealers.\n\t\t\t“Motor vehicle salesperson” or “salesperson” means (i) any person who is hired as an employee by a motor vehicle dealer to sell or exchange motor vehicles and who receives or expects to receive a commission, fee, or any other consideration from the dealer; (ii) any person who supervises salespersons employed by a motor vehicle dealer, whether compensated by salary or by commission; (iii) any person, compensated by salary or commission by a motor vehicle dealer, who negotiates with or induces a customer to enter into a security agreement on behalf of a dealer; or (iv) any person who is licensed as a motor vehicle dealer and who sells or exchanges motor vehicles. For purposes of this section, any person who is an independent contractor as defined by the United States Internal Revenue Code shall be deemed not to be a motor vehicle salesperson.\n\t\t\t“Motor vehicle show” means a display of motor vehicles to the general public at a location other than a dealer’s location licensed under this chapter where the vehicles are not being offered for sale or exchange during or as part of the display.\n\t\t\t“New motor vehicle” means any vehicle, excluding trailers, that is in the possession of the manufacturer, factory branch, distributor, distributor branch, or motor vehicle dealer and for which an original title has not been issued by the Department or by the issuing agency of any other state and has less than 7,500 miles accumulated on its odometer.\n\t\t\t“New trailer” means any trailer that (i) has not been previously sold except in good faith for the purpose of resale; (ii) has not been used as a rental, driver education, or demonstration trailer or for the personal or business transportation of the manufacturer, distributor, dealer, or any of its employees; (iii) has not been used except for limited use necessary in moving or road testing the trailer prior to delivery to a customer; (iv) is transferred by a certificate of origin; and (v) has the manufacturer’s certification that it conforms to all applicable federal trailer safety and emission standards. Notwithstanding clauses (i) and (iii), a trailer that has been previously sold but not titled shall be deemed a new trailer if it meets the requirements of clauses (ii), (iv), and (v).\n\t\t\t“Original license” means a motor vehicle dealer license issued to an applicant who has never been licensed as a motor vehicle dealer in Virginia or whose Virginia motor vehicle dealer license has been expired for more than 30 days.\n\t\t\t“Recreational vehicle” or “RV” means a vehicle that (i) is either self-propelled or towed by a consumer-owned tow vehicle, (ii) is primarily designed to provide temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, or travel use; and (iii) complies with all applicable federal vehicle regulations and does not require a special movement permit to legally use the highways. Recreational vehicle includes motor homes, travel trailers, and camping trailers.\n\t\t\t“Relevant market area” means as follows:","type":"section","prefixes":["16"],"prefix":"16","entire_prefix":"16","prefix_anchor":"16","level":1,"prior_prefix":"15","next_prefix":"1"},"19":{"id":304281,"text":"For motor vehicle dealers except motorcycle dealers, in metropolitan localities the relevant market area shall be a circular area around an existing franchised dealer with a population of 250,000, not to exceed a radius of 10 miles, but in no case less than seven miles.","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"16","next_prefix":"2"},"20":{"id":304282,"text":"For motor vehicle dealers except motorcycle dealers, if the population in a circular area within a radius of 10 miles around an existing franchised dealer is less than 250,000, but the population in an area within a radius of 15 miles around an existing franchised dealer is 150,000 or more, the relevant market area shall be that circular area within the 15-mile radius.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"21":{"id":304283,"text":"For motor vehicle dealers except motorcycle dealers, in all other cases the relevant market area shall be a circular area within a radius of 20 miles around an existing franchised dealer or the area of responsibility defined in the franchise agreement, whichever is greater. In any case where the franchise agreement is silent as to area of responsibility, the relevant market area shall be the greater of a circular area within a radius of 20 miles around an existing franchised dealer or that area in which the franchisor otherwise requires the franchisee to make significant retail sales or sales efforts.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"22":{"id":304284,"text":"For motorcycle dealers, the relevant market area shall be a circular area within a radius of 20 miles if the population within such area around an existing franchised dealer location is one million or more. If the population in a circular area within a 20-mile radius is less than one million, the relevant market area shall be a circular area within a radius of 30 miles. If the population within a 30-mile radius is less than one million, the relevant market area shall be a circular area within a radius of 40 miles. In all cases, the relevant market area shall be the area described above or the area of responsibility defined in the franchise agreement, whichever is greater. In addition, the relevant market area shall include that area in which the franchisor otherwise requires the franchisee to make significant retail sales or sales efforts.\n\t\t\tNotwithstanding the foregoing provision of this section, in the case of dealers in motor vehicles with gross vehicle weight ratings of 26,000 pounds or greater, excluding recreational vehicles, the relevant market area with respect to the dealer’s franchise for all such vehicles shall be a circular area around an existing franchised dealer with a radius of 25 miles, except where the population in such circular area is less than 250,000, in which case the relevant market area shall be a circular area around an existing franchised dealer with a radius of 50 miles, or the area of responsibility defined in the franchise, whichever is greater.\n\t\t\tIn determining population for relevant market areas, the most recent census by the U.S. Bureau of the Census or the most recent population update, either from the National Planning Data Corporation or other similar recognized source, shall be accumulated for all census tracts either wholly or partially within the relevant market area.\n\t\t\t“Retail installment sale” means every sale of one or more motor vehicles to a buyer for his use and not for resale, in which the price of the vehicle is payable in one or more installments and in which the seller has either retained title to the goods or has taken or retained a security interest in the goods under form of contract designated either as a security agreement, conditional sale, bailment lease, chattel mortgage, or otherwise.\n\t\t\t“Sale at retail” or “retail sale” means the act or attempted act of selling, bartering, exchanging, or otherwise disposing of a motor vehicle to a buyer for his personal use and not for resale.\n\t\t\t“Sale at wholesale” or “wholesale” means a sale to motor vehicle dealers or wholesalers other than to consumers; a sale to one who intends to resell.\n\t\t\t“Semitrailer” means every vehicle of the trailer type so designed and used in conjunction with another motor vehicle that some part of its own weight and that of its own load rests on or is carried by another vehicle.\n\t\t\t“Tractor truck” means every motor vehicle designed and used primarily for drawing other vehicles and not so constructed as to carry a load other than a part of the load and weight of the vehicle attached thereto.\n\t\t\t“Trailer” means every vehicle without motive power designed for carrying property or passengers wholly on its own structure and for being drawn by another motor vehicle, including semitrailers but not manufactured homes, watercraft trailers, camping trailers, or travel trailers.\n\t\t\t“Travel trailer” means a vehicle designed to provide temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, or travel use of such size or weight so as not to require a special highway movement permit when towed by a consumer-owned tow vehicle.\n\t\t\t“Used motor vehicle” means any vehicle other than a new motor vehicle as defined in this section.\n\t\t\t“Watercraft trailer” means any new or used trailer specifically designed to carry a watercraft or a motorboat and purchased, sold, or offered for sale by a watercraft dealer licensed under Chapter 8 (§ 29.1-800 et seq.) of Title 29.1.\n\t\t\t“Watercraft trailer dealer” means any watercraft dealer licensed under Chapter 8 (§ 29.1-800 et seq.) of Title 29.1.\n\t\t\t“Wholesale auction” means an auction of motor vehicles restricted to sales at wholesale.","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13971,"edition_id":1,"name":"Motor Vehicle Dealers, Generally","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13356,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:27","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:27","permalink":{"id":231069,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13971,"identifier":"1","token":"46.2\/IV\/15\/1","url":"\/46.2\/IV\/15\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13356,"edition_id":1,"name":"Motor Vehicle Dealers","identifier":"15","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13355,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","permalink":{"id":231067,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13356,"identifier":"15","token":"46.2\/IV\/15","url":"\/46.2\/IV\/15\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13355,"edition_id":1,"name":"Dealers and Driver Training Schools","identifier":"IV","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12770,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","permalink":{"id":231065,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13355,"identifier":"IV","token":"46.2\/IV","url":"\/46.2\/IV\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12770,"edition_id":1,"name":"Motor Vehicles","identifier":"46.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":225289,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12770,"identifier":"46.2","token":"46.2","url":"\/46.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":84929,"structure_id":13971,"section_number":"46.2-1500","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/46.2-1500\/","token":"46.2\/IV\/15\/1\/46.2-1500","metadata":false},{"id":73382,"structure_id":13971,"section_number":"46.2-1501","catch_line":"General powers of Commissioner","url":"\/46.2-1501\/","token":"46.2\/IV\/15\/1\/46.2-1501","metadata":false},{"id":85717,"structure_id":13971,"section_number":"46.2-1502","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-1502\/","token":"46.2\/IV\/15\/1\/46.2-1502","metadata":false},{"id":87166,"structure_id":13971,"section_number":"46.2-1503","catch_line":"Motor Vehicle Dealer Board","url":"\/46.2-1503\/","token":"46.2\/IV\/15\/1\/46.2-1503","metadata":false},{"id":73790,"structure_id":13971,"section_number":"46.2-1503.1","catch_line":"Board to employ Executive Director","url":"\/46.2-1503.1\/","token":"46.2\/IV\/15\/1\/46.2-1503.1","metadata":false},{"id":79120,"structure_id":13971,"section_number":"46.2-1503.2","catch_line":"State Personnel and Public Procurement Acts not applicable","url":"\/46.2-1503.2\/","token":"46.2\/IV\/15\/1\/46.2-1503.2","metadata":false},{"id":87331,"structure_id":13971,"section_number":"46.2-1503.3","catch_line":"Motor Vehicle Dealer Board Fund; receipts; disbursements","url":"\/46.2-1503.3\/","token":"46.2\/IV\/15\/1\/46.2-1503.3","metadata":false},{"id":65454,"structure_id":13971,"section_number":"46.2-1503.4","catch_line":"General powers and duties of Board","url":"\/46.2-1503.4\/","token":"46.2\/IV\/15\/1\/46.2-1503.4","metadata":false},{"id":55032,"structure_id":13971,"section_number":"46.2-1503.5","catch_line":"Biennial report","url":"\/46.2-1503.5\/","token":"46.2\/IV\/15\/1\/46.2-1503.5","metadata":false},{"id":67643,"structure_id":13971,"section_number":"46.2-1504","catch_line":"Board's powers with respect to hearings under this chapter","url":"\/46.2-1504\/","token":"46.2\/IV\/15\/1\/46.2-1504","metadata":false},{"id":82495,"structure_id":13971,"section_number":"46.2-1505","catch_line":"Suit to enjoin violations","url":"\/46.2-1505\/","token":"46.2\/IV\/15\/1\/46.2-1505","metadata":false},{"id":80647,"structure_id":13971,"section_number":"46.2-1506","catch_line":"Regulations","url":"\/46.2-1506\/","token":"46.2\/IV\/15\/1\/46.2-1506","metadata":false},{"id":83166,"structure_id":13971,"section_number":"46.2-1506.1","catch_line":"Additional training","url":"\/46.2-1506.1\/","token":"46.2\/IV\/15\/1\/46.2-1506.1","metadata":false},{"id":74387,"structure_id":13971,"section_number":"46.2-1507","catch_line":"Penalties","url":"\/46.2-1507\/","token":"46.2\/IV\/15\/1\/46.2-1507","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":73382,"structure_id":13971,"section_number":"46.2-1501","catch_line":"General powers of Commissioner","url":"\/46.2-1501\/","token":"46.2\/IV\/15\/1\/46.2-1501","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/46.2-1500\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 29 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1956, chapter 120; in 1958, chapter 541; in 1962, chapter 368; in 1964, chapter 375; in 1974, chapter 189; in 1975, chapter 304; in 1976, chapter 362; in 1980, chapter 161; in 1982, chapter 394; in 1983, chapter 234; in 1986, chapter 630; in 1988, chapter 865; in 1989, chapters 15, 148, and 727; in 1992, chapters 134, 148, and 572; in 1993, chapter 124; in 1994, chapter 888<\/a>; in 1995, chapters 767<\/a> and 816<\/a>; in 1996, chapter 1053<\/a>; in 1997, chapters 801<\/a> and 848<\/a>; in 1999, chapters 77<\/a> and 910<\/a>; in 2004, chapters 111<\/a> and 788<\/a>; in 2005, chapter 456<\/a>; in 2006, chapter 441<\/a>; in 2010, chapters 284<\/a>, 292<\/a>, 318<\/a>, and 459<\/a>; in 2014, chapters 53<\/a>, 75<\/a>, and 256<\/a>; in 2015, chapters 236<\/a> and 615<\/a>; in 2019, chapter 160<\/a>; in 2020, chapter 984<\/a>; in 2025, chapters 565<\/a> and 579<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":57586,"section_number":"2.2-4024","catch_line":"Hearing officers","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4024\/"},{"id":64903,"section_number":"45.2-1726","catch_line":"(Effective until January 1, 2027) Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/45.2-1726\/"},{"id":65386,"section_number":"46.2-1105","catch_line":"Width of vehicles generally; exceptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1105\/"},{"id":68738,"section_number":"46.2-1139","catch_line":"Permits for excessive size and weight generally; penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1139\/"},{"id":62299,"section_number":"46.2-1158.01","catch_line":"Exceptions to motor vehicle inspection requirement","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1158.01\/"},{"id":55270,"section_number":"46.2-116","catch_line":"Registration with Department of Criminal Justice Services required for tow truck drivers; penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-116\/"},{"id":80247,"section_number":"46.2-1537","catch_line":"Prohibited solicitation and compensation","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1537\/"},{"id":70871,"section_number":"46.2-1557","catch_line":"Use of certain foreign-registered motor vehicles in driver education programs","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1557\/"},{"id":75339,"section_number":"46.2-1572.1","catch_line":"Ownership of service facilities","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1572.1\/"},{"id":82756,"section_number":"46.2-1581","catch_line":"Regulated advertising practices","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1581\/"},{"id":58776,"section_number":"46.2-1601","catch_line":"Licensing of dealers of salvage vehicles; fees","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1601\/"},{"id":56078,"section_number":"46.2-1605","catch_line":"Vehicles rebuilt for highway use; examinations; branding of titles","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1605\/"},{"id":59691,"section_number":"46.2-208","catch_line":"Records of Department; when open for inspection; release of privileged information","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-208\/"},{"id":75086,"section_number":"46.2-602.2","catch_line":"Titling and registration of company vehicles of automotive manufacturers","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-602.2\/"},{"id":60178,"section_number":"46.2-618","catch_line":"When unlawful to have in possession certificate of title issued to another; remedy of purchaser against persons in possession of title of vehicle purchased from dealer","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-618\/"},{"id":75060,"section_number":"46.2-626.1","catch_line":"Motorcycle purchased by manufacturer for parts; documentation required for sale of parts","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-626.1\/"},{"id":72160,"section_number":"46.2-654.1","catch_line":"Temporary registration issued for purchasers of motor vehicles from motor vehicle dealers who are no longer engaged in business and title is held by person other than dealer","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-654.1\/"},{"id":86669,"section_number":"46.2-733","catch_line":"License plates for persons delivering unladen vehicles; fees","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-733\/"},{"id":80376,"section_number":"54.1-601","catch_line":"Exemptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-601\/"},{"id":84228,"section_number":"58.1-3506","catch_line":"Other classifications of tangible personal property for taxation","order_by":null,"url":"\/58.1-3506\/"},{"id":56957,"section_number":"59.1-207.11","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-207.11\/"},{"id":83652,"section_number":"59.1-207.16:1","catch_line":"Disclosure of returned vehicles; penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-207.16_1\/"},{"id":63318,"section_number":"59.1-207.34","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-207.34\/"},{"id":77953,"section_number":"59.1-436","catch_line":"Registration; fees; exemptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-436\/"},{"id":67388,"section_number":"59.1-607","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-607\/"},{"id":59551,"section_number":"65.2-101","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/65.2-101\/"},{"id":68663,"section_number":"9.1-140","catch_line":"Exceptions from article; training requirements for out-of-state central station dispatchers","order_by":null,"url":"\/9.1-140\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":70983,"section_number":"29.1-800","catch_line":"Short title","order_by":null,"url":"\/29.1-800\/"},{"id":86721,"section_number":"36-85.16","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/36-85.16\/"},{"id":82691,"section_number":"46.2-100","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-100\/"},{"id":65386,"section_number":"46.2-1105","catch_line":"Width of vehicles generally; exceptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1105\/"},{"id":77659,"section_number":"46.2-1110","catch_line":"Height of vehicles; damage to overhead obstruction; penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1110\/"},{"id":57771,"section_number":"46.2-1113","catch_line":"Length exceptions for certain passenger buses and motor homes","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1113\/"},{"id":56026,"section_number":"46.2-1122","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1122\/"},{"id":74284,"section_number":"46.2-1519","catch_line":"License and registration fees; additional to other licenses and fees required by law","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1519\/"},{"id":76642,"section_number":"46.2-1520","catch_line":"Collection of license and registration fees; payments from fund","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1520\/"},{"id":58806,"section_number":"46.2-1530","catch_line":"Buyer's order","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1530\/"},{"id":81977,"section_number":"46.2-1566","catch_line":"Filing of franchises","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1566\/"},{"id":81000,"section_number":"46.2-1573.13","catch_line":"Applicability of requirements to certain trailers","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1573.13\/"},{"id":86707,"section_number":"46.2-1573.2","catch_line":"Filing of franchises","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1573.2\/"},{"id":75695,"section_number":"46.2-1573.25","catch_line":"Motorcycle dealers filing of franchises","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1573.25\/"},{"id":58576,"section_number":"46.2-1600","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1600\/"}],"permalink":{"id":231071,"object_type":"law","relational_id":84929,"identifier":"46.2-1500","token":"46.2\/IV\/15\/1\/46.2-1500","url":"\/46.2-1500\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/46.2-1500\/","token":"46.2\/IV\/15\/1\/46.2-1500","dublin_core":{"Title":"Definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 46.2-1500","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:\n\t\t“Affiliate<\/span>” means any entity in which a manufacturer<\/span>, factory branch<\/span>, distributor, or distributor branch<\/span> has voting control or owns at least 51 percent of the ownership equity<\/span>, or any entity in which another entity has voting control or owns at least 51 percent of the ownership equity<\/span> and also has voting control and owns at least 51 percent of the ownership of a manufacturer<\/span>, factory branch<\/span>, distributor, or distributor branch<\/span>. An entity that provides vehicle purchase or lease financing that uses the name of the manufacturer<\/span> or distributor, or the name of any line make of the manufacturer<\/span> or distributor, in the name of the entity under which it transacts business with a consumer, other than in the name of an individual product offered by the entity, shall be considered an “affiliate<\/span>.”\n\t\t“Board<\/span>” means the Motor Vehicle Dealer<\/span> Board<\/span>.\n\t\t“Camping trailer<\/span>” means a recreational vehicle<\/span> constructed with collapsible partial side walls that fold for towing by a consumer-owned tow vehicle and unfold at the campsite to provide temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, or travel use.\n\t\t“Certificate of origin<\/span>” means the document provided by the manufacturer<\/span> of a new motor vehicle<\/span> or new trailer<\/span>, or its distributor, which is the only valid indication of ownership between the manufacturer<\/span>, its distributor, its franchised motor vehicle dealers<\/span><\/span>, and the original purchaser not for resale.\n\t\t“Dealer-operator<\/span><\/span>” means the individual who works at the established place of business of a dealer and who is responsible for and in charge of day-to-day operations of that place of business.\n\t\t“Demonstrator<\/span>” means a new motor vehicle<\/span> having a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 16,000 pounds that (i) has more than 750 miles accumulated on its odometer that has been driven by dealer personnel or by prospective purchasers during the course of selling, displaying, demonstrating, showing, or exhibiting it and (ii) may be sold as a new motor vehicle<\/span>, provided the dealer complies with the provisions of subsection D of \u00a7 46.2-1530<\/a>.\n\t\t“Distributor” means a person who is licensed by the Department<\/span> under this chapter and who sells or distributes new motor vehicles<\/span> or new trailers<\/span> pursuant to a written agreement with the manufacturer<\/span> to franchised motor vehicle dealers<\/span><\/span> in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Distributor branch<\/span>” means a branch office licensed by the Department<\/span> under this chapter and maintained by a distributor for the sale of motor vehicles to motor vehicle dealers<\/span> or for directing or supervising, in whole or in part, its representatives in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Distributor representative<\/span>” means a person who is licensed by the Department<\/span> under this chapter and employed by a distributor or by a distributor branch<\/span>, for the purpose of making or promoting the sale of motor vehicles or for supervising or contacting its dealers, prospective dealers, or representatives in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Factory branch<\/span>” means a branch office maintained by a person for the sale of motor vehicles to distributors<\/span> or for the sale of motor vehicles to motor vehicle dealers<\/span>, or for directing or supervising, in whole or in part, its representatives in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Factory representative<\/span>” means a person who is licensed by the Department<\/span> under this chapter and employed by a person who manufactures or assembles motor vehicles or by a factory branch<\/span> for the purpose of making or promoting the sale of its motor vehicles or for supervising or contacting its dealers, prospective dealers, or representatives in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Factory repurchase motor vehicle<\/span>” means a motor vehicle sold, leased, rented, consigned, or otherwise transferred to a person under an agreement that the motor vehicle will be resold or otherwise retransferred only to the manufacturer<\/span> or distributor of the motor vehicle, and which is reacquired by the manufacturer<\/span> or distributor, or its agents<\/span>.\n\t\t“Family member<\/span>” means a person who either (i) is the spouse, child, grandchild, spouse of a child, spouse of a grandchild, brother, sister, or parent of the dealer or owner<\/span> or (ii) has been employed continuously by the dealer for at least five years.\n\t\t“Franchise<\/span>” means a written contract<\/span> or agreement between two or more persons whereby one person, the franchisee, is granted the right to engage in the business of offering and selling, offering and delivering pursuant to a lease, servicing, or offering, selling, and servicing new trailers<\/span> with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 30,000 pounds or new motor vehicles<\/span> of a particular line-make<\/span> or late model or used motor vehicles<\/span> of a particular line-make<\/span> manufactured or distributed by the grantor of the right, the franchisor, and where the operation of the franchisee’s business is substantially associated with the franchisor’s trademark, trade name, advertising, or other commercial symbol designating the franchisor, the motor vehicle or its manufacturer<\/span> or distributor. “Franchise<\/span>” includes any severable part or parts of a franchise<\/span> agreement which separately provides for selling and servicing different line-makes<\/span> of the franchisor.\n\t\t“Franchised late model or franchised used motor vehicle dealer<\/span><\/span>” means a dealer selling used motor vehicles<\/span>, including vehicles purchased from the franchisor, under the trademark of a manufacturer<\/span> or distributor that has a franchise<\/span> agreement with a manufacturer<\/span> or distributor.\n\t\t“Franchised motor vehicle dealer<\/span><\/span>” or “franchised dealer<\/span>” means a dealer in new trailers<\/span> with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 30,000 pounds or new motor vehicles<\/span> that has a franchise<\/span> agreement with a manufacturer<\/span> or distributor of new trailers<\/span> with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 30,000 pounds or new motor vehicles<\/span> to sell new trailers<\/span> with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 30,000 pounds or new motor vehicles<\/span> or to sell used motor vehicles<\/span> under the trademark of a manufacturer<\/span> or distributor regardless of the age of the motor vehicles.\n\t\t“Fund<\/span>” means the Motor Vehicle Dealer<\/span> Board<\/span> Fund<\/span>.\n\t\t“Independent motor vehicle dealer<\/span><\/span>” means a dealer in used motor vehicles<\/span>.\n\t\t“Late model motor vehicle<\/span>” means a motor vehicle of the current model year and the immediately preceding model year.\n\t\t“Line-make<\/span>” means the name of the motor vehicle manufacturer<\/span> or distributor and a brand or name plate marketed by the manufacturer<\/span> or distributor. The line-make<\/span> of a motorcycle manufacturer<\/span>, factory branch<\/span>, distributor, or distributor branch<\/span> includes every brand of all-terrain vehicle<\/span>, autocycle<\/span>, and off-road motorcycle<\/span> manufactured or distributed bearing the name of the motorcycle manufacturer<\/span> or distributer.\n\t\t“Manufactured home dealer<\/span>” means any person licensed as a manufactured home dealer<\/span> under Chapter 4.2 (\u00a7 36-85.16<\/a> et seq.) of Title 36.\n\t\t“Manufacturer<\/span>” means a person who is licensed by the Department<\/span> under this chapter and engaged in the business of constructing or assembling new motor vehicles<\/span> or new trailers<\/span> and, in the case of trucks<\/span>, recreational vehicles<\/span>, and motor homes<\/span>, also means a person engaged in the business of manufacturing engines, transmissions, power trains, or rear axles, when such engines, transmissions, power trains, or rear axles are not warranted by the final manufacturer<\/span> or assembler of the truck<\/span>, recreational vehicle<\/span>, or motor home<\/span>.\n\t\t“Motorcycle” means every motor vehicle designed to travel on not more than three wheels in contact with the ground, except any vehicle within the term “farm tractor<\/span>” or “moped<\/span>” as defined in \u00a7 46.2-100<\/a>. Except as otherwise provided, for the purposes of this chapter, all-terrain vehicles<\/span>, autocycles<\/span>, and off-road motorcycles<\/span> are deemed to be motorcycles.\n\t\t“Motor home<\/span>” means a motorized recreational vehicle<\/span> designed to provide temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, or travel use that contains at least four of the following permanently installed independent life support systems that meet the National Fire Protection Association standards for recreational vehicles<\/span>: (i) a cooking facility with an onboard fuel source; (ii) a potable water supply system that includes at least a sink, a faucet, and a water tank with an exterior service supply connection; (iii) a toilet with exterior evacuation; (iv) a gas or electric refrigerator; (v) a heating or air conditioning system with an onboard power or fuel source separate from the vehicle engine; or (vi) a 110-125 volt electric power supply.\n\t\t“Motor vehicle” means the same as provided in \u00a7 46.2-100<\/a>, except, for the purposes of this chapter, “motor vehicle” includes trailers, as defined in this section, and does not include (i) manufactured homes<\/span>, sales of which are regulated under Chapter 4.2 (\u00a7 36-85.16<\/a> et seq.) of Title 36; (ii) nonrepairable vehicles, as defined in \u00a7 46.2-1600<\/a>; (iii) salvage vehicles, as defined in \u00a7 46.2-1600<\/a>; or (iv) mobile cranes that exceed the size or weight limitations as set forth in \u00a7 46.2-1105<\/a>, 46.2-1110<\/a>, or 46.2-1113<\/a> or Article 17 (\u00a7 46.2-1122<\/a> et seq.) of Chapter 10.\n\t\t“Motor vehicle dealer<\/span>” or “dealer” means any person who:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> For commission<\/span>, money, or other thing of value, buys for resale, sells, or exchanges, either outright or on conditional sale, lease, chattel mortgage, or other similar transaction or arranges or offers or attempts to solicit or negotiate on behalf of others the sale, purchase, or exchange of, either outright or on conditional sale, lease, chattel mortgage, or other similar transaction, an interest in new motor vehicles<\/span>, new and used motor vehicles<\/span>, or used motor vehicles<\/span> alone, whether or not the motor vehicles are owned by him; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Is wholly or partly engaged in the business of selling new motor vehicles<\/span>, new and used motor vehicles<\/span>, or used motor vehicles<\/span> only, whether or not the motor vehicles are owned by him.\n\t\t\tAny person who offers to sell, sells, displays, or permits the display for sale, of five or more motor vehicles within any 12 consecutive months is presumed to be a motor vehicle dealer<\/span> and may rebut the presumption<\/span> by a preponderance of the evidence<\/span>.\n\t\t\tFor the purposes of Article 7.2 (§ 46.2-1573.2<\/a> et seq.), “dealer” means recreational vehicle<\/span> dealer. For the purposes of Article 7.3 (§ 46.2-1573.13<\/a> et seq.), “dealer” means watercraft trailer dealer<\/span> and trailer dealer of new trailers<\/span> with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 30,000 pounds. For the purposes of Article 7.4 (§ 46.2-1573.25<\/a> et seq.), “dealer” means motorcycle dealer.\n\t\t\t“Motor vehicle dealer<\/span>” or “dealer” does not include: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Receivers, trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, conservators or other persons appointed by or acting under judgment<\/span> or order<\/span> of any court<\/span> or their employees when engaged in the specific performance of their duties as employees. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Public officers, their deputies, assistants, or employees, while performing their official duties. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Persons other than business entities primarily engaged in the leasing or renting of motor vehicles to others when selling or offering such vehicles for sale at retail<\/span>, disposing of motor vehicles acquired for their own use and actually so used, when the vehicles have been so acquired and used in good faith and not for the purpose of avoiding the provisions of this chapter. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Persons dealing solely in the sale and distribution of fire-fighting vehicles, ambulances, and funeral vehicles, including motor vehicles adapted therefor; however, this exemption shall not exempt any person from the provisions of §§ 46.2-1519<\/a>, 46.2-1520<\/a>, and 46.2-1548<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Any financial institution chartered or authorized to do business under the laws<\/span> of the Commonwealth or the United States which may have received title to a motor vehicle in the normal course of its business by reason of a foreclosure, other taking, repossession, or voluntary reconveyance to that institution occurring as a result of any loan secured by a lien<\/span> on the vehicle. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> An employee of an organization arranging for the purchase or lease by the organization of vehicles for use in the organization’s business. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> Any person licensed to sell real estate who sells a manufactured home or similar vehicle in conjunction with the sale of the parcel of land on which the manufactured home or similar vehicle is located. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> Any person who permits the operation of a motor vehicle show<\/span> or permits the display of motor vehicles for sale by any motor vehicle dealer<\/span> licensed under this chapter. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

9.<\/span> An insurance company authorized to do business in the Commonwealth that sells or disposes of vehicles under a contract<\/span> with its insured in the regular course of business. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

10.<\/span> Any publication, broadcast, or other communications media when engaged in the business of advertising, but not otherwise arranging for the sale of vehicles owned by others. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

11.<\/span> Any person dealing solely in the sale or lease of vehicles designed exclusively for off-road use. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

12.<\/span> Any credit union authorized to do business in Virginia, provided the credit union does not receive a commission<\/span>, money, or other thing of value directly from a motor vehicle dealer<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

13.<\/span> Any person licensed as a manufactured home dealer<\/span>, broker, manufacturer<\/span>, or salesperson<\/span> under Chapter 4.2 (§ 36-85.16<\/a> et seq.) of Title 36. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

14.<\/span> The State Department<\/span> of Social Services or local departments<\/span> of social services. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

15.<\/span> Any person dealing solely in the sale and distribution of utility or cargo trailers that have unloaded weights of 3,000 pounds or less; however, this exemption shall not exempt any person who deals in stock trailers or watercraft trailers<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

16.<\/span> Any motor vehicle manufacturer<\/span> or distributor selling a new motor vehicle<\/span> at wholesale<\/span> to its franchised dealer<\/span> or a used motor vehicle<\/span> to a licensed dealer.\n\t\t\tFor the purposes of Article 7 (§ 46.2-1566<\/a> et seq.), “dealer” does not include recreational vehicle<\/span> dealers, trailer dealers, watercraft trailer dealers<\/span>, or motorcycle dealers.\n\t\t\t“Motor vehicle salesperson<\/span>” or “salesperson” means (i) any person who is hired as an employee by a motor vehicle dealer<\/span> to sell or exchange motor vehicles and who receives or expects to receive a commission<\/span>, fee, or any other consideration from the dealer; (ii) any person who supervises salespersons<\/span> employed by a motor vehicle dealer<\/span>, whether compensated by salary or by commission<\/span>; (iii) any person, compensated by salary or commission<\/span> by a motor vehicle dealer<\/span>, who negotiates with or induces a customer to enter into a security agreement on behalf of a dealer; or (iv) any person who is licensed as a motor vehicle dealer<\/span> and who sells or exchanges motor vehicles. For purposes of this section, any person who is an independent contractor as defined by the United States Internal Revenue Code shall be deemed not to be a motor vehicle salesperson<\/span>.\n\t\t\t“Motor vehicle show<\/span>” means a display of motor vehicles to the general public at a location other than a dealer’s location licensed under this chapter where the vehicles are not being offered for sale or exchange during or as part of the display.\n\t\t\t“New motor vehicle<\/span>” means any vehicle, excluding trailers, that is in the possession<\/span> of the manufacturer<\/span>, factory branch<\/span>, distributor, distributor branch<\/span>, or motor vehicle dealer<\/span> and for which an original title has not been issued by the Department<\/span> or by the issuing agency of any other state and has less than 7,500 miles accumulated on its odometer.\n\t\t\t“New trailer<\/span>” means any trailer that (i) has not been previously sold except in good faith for the purpose of resale; (ii) has not been used as a rental, driver<\/span> education, or demonstration trailer or for the personal or business transportation of the manufacturer<\/span>, distributor, dealer, or any of its employees; (iii) has not been used except for limited use necessary in moving or road testing the trailer prior to delivery to a customer; (iv) is transferred by a certificate of origin<\/span>; and (v) has the manufacturer<\/span>’s certification that it conforms to all applicable federal trailer safety and emission standards. Notwithstanding clauses (i) and (iii), a trailer that has been previously sold but not titled shall be deemed a new trailer<\/span> if it meets the requirements of clauses (ii), (iv), and (v).\n\t\t\t“Original license<\/span>” means a motor vehicle dealer<\/span> license issued to an applicant who has never been licensed as a motor vehicle dealer<\/span> in Virginia or whose Virginia motor vehicle dealer<\/span> license has been expired for more than 30 days.\n\t\t\t“Recreational vehicle<\/span>” or “RV<\/span>” means a vehicle that (i) is either self-propelled or towed by a consumer-owned tow vehicle, (ii) is primarily designed to provide temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, or travel use; and (iii) complies with all applicable federal vehicle regulations and does not require a special movement permit to legally use the highways<\/span><\/span>. Recreational vehicle<\/span> includes motor homes<\/span>, travel trailers<\/span>, and camping trailers<\/span>.\n\t\t\t“Relevant market area<\/span>” means as follows: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> For motor vehicle dealers<\/span> except motorcycle dealers, in metropolitan localities the relevant market area<\/span> shall be a circular area around an existing franchised dealer<\/span> with a population of 250,000, not to exceed a radius of 10 miles, but in no case less than seven miles. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> For motor vehicle dealers<\/span> except motorcycle dealers, if the population in a circular area within a radius of 10 miles around an existing franchised dealer<\/span> is less than 250,000, but the population in an area within a radius of 15 miles around an existing franchised dealer<\/span> is 150,000 or more, the relevant market area<\/span> shall be that circular area within the 15-mile radius. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> For motor vehicle dealers<\/span> except motorcycle dealers, in all other cases the relevant market area<\/span> shall be a circular area within a radius of 20 miles around an existing franchised dealer<\/span> or the area of responsibility defined in the franchise<\/span> agreement, whichever is greater. In any case where the franchise<\/span> agreement is silent as to area of responsibility, the relevant market area<\/span> shall be the greater of a circular area within a radius of 20 miles around an existing franchised dealer<\/span> or that area in which the franchisor otherwise requires the franchisee to make significant retail sales<\/span> or sales efforts. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> For motorcycle dealers, the relevant market area<\/span> shall be a circular area within a radius of 20 miles if the population within such area around an existing franchised dealer<\/span> location is one million or more. If the population in a circular area within a 20-mile radius is less than one million, the relevant market area<\/span> shall be a circular area within a radius of 30 miles. If the population within a 30-mile radius is less than one million, the relevant market area<\/span> shall be a circular area within a radius of 40 miles. In all cases, the relevant market area<\/span> shall be the area described above or the area of responsibility defined in the franchise<\/span> agreement, whichever is greater. In addition, the relevant market area<\/span> shall include that area in which the franchisor otherwise requires the franchisee to make significant retail sales<\/span> or sales efforts.\n\t\t\tNotwithstanding the foregoing provision of this section, in the case of dealers in motor vehicles with gross vehicle weight ratings of 26,000 pounds or greater, excluding recreational vehicles<\/span>, the relevant market area<\/span> with respect to the dealer’s franchise<\/span> for all such vehicles shall be a circular area around an existing franchised dealer<\/span> with a radius of 25 miles, except where the population in such circular area is less than 250,000, in which case the relevant market area<\/span> shall be a circular area around an existing franchised dealer<\/span> with a radius of 50 miles, or the area of responsibility defined in the franchise<\/span>, whichever is greater.\n\t\t\tIn determining population for relevant market areas<\/span>, the most recent census by the U.S. Bureau of the Census or the most recent population update, either from the National Planning Data Corporation or other similar recognized source, shall be accumulated for all census tracts either wholly or partially within the relevant market area<\/span>.\n\t\t\t“Retail installment sale<\/span>” means every sale of one or more motor vehicles to a buyer for his use and not for resale, in which the price of the vehicle is payable in one or more installments and in which the seller has either retained title to the goods or has taken or retained a security interest in the goods under form of contract<\/span> designated either as a security agreement, conditional sale, bailment lease, chattel mortgage, or otherwise.\n\t\t\t“Sale at retail<\/span>” or “retail sale<\/span>” means the act or attempted act of selling, bartering, exchanging, or otherwise disposing of a motor vehicle to a buyer for his personal use and not for resale.\n\t\t\t“Sale at wholesale<\/span>” or “wholesale” means a sale to motor vehicle dealers<\/span> or wholesalers other than to consumers; a sale to one who intends to resell.\n\t\t\t“Semitrailer<\/span>” means every vehicle of the trailer type so designed and used in conjunction with another motor vehicle that some part of its own weight and that of its own load rests on or is carried by another vehicle.\n\t\t\t“Tractor truck<\/span>” means every motor vehicle designed and used primarily for drawing other vehicles and not so constructed as to carry a load other than a part of the load and weight of the vehicle attached thereto.\n\t\t\t“Trailer” means every vehicle without motive power designed for carrying property or passengers wholly on its own structure and for being drawn by another motor vehicle, including semitrailers<\/span> but not manufactured homes<\/span>, watercraft trailers<\/span>, camping trailers<\/span>, or travel trailers<\/span>.\n\t\t\t“Travel trailer<\/span>” means a vehicle designed to provide temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, or travel use of such size or weight so as not to require a special highway<\/span> movement permit when towed by a consumer-owned tow vehicle.\n\t\t\t“Used motor vehicle<\/span>” means any vehicle other than a new motor vehicle<\/span> as defined in this section.\n\t\t\t“Watercraft trailer” means any new or used trailer specifically designed to carry a watercraft or a motorboat and purchased, sold, or offered for sale by a watercraft dealer licensed under Chapter 8 (§ 29.1-800<\/a> et seq.) of Title 29.1.\n\t\t\t“Watercraft trailer dealer<\/span>” means any watercraft dealer licensed under Chapter 8 (§ 29.1-800<\/a> et seq.) of Title 29.1.\n\t\t\t“Wholesale auction<\/span>” means an auction of motor vehicles restricted to sales at wholesale. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFINITIONS (\u00a7 46.2-1500)\n\nAs used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:\n\t\t“Affiliate” means any entity in which a manufacturer, factory\nbranch, distributor, or distributor branch has voting control or owns at least\n51 percent of the ownership equity, or any entity in which another entity has\nvoting control or owns at least 51 percent of the ownership equity and also has\nvoting control and owns at least 51 percent of the ownership of a manufacturer,\nfactory branch, distributor, or distributor branch. An entity that provides\nvehicle purchase or lease financing that uses the name of the manufacturer or\ndistributor, or the name of any line make of the manufacturer or distributor, in\nthe name of the entity under which it transacts business with a consumer, other\nthan in the name of an individual product offered by the entity, shall be\nconsidered an “affiliate.”\n\t\t“Board” means the Motor Vehicle Dealer Board.\n\t\t“Camping trailer” means a recreational vehicle constructed with\ncollapsible partial side walls that fold for towing by a consumer-owned tow\nvehicle and unfold at the campsite to provide temporary living quarters for\nrecreational, camping, or travel use.\n\t\t“Certificate of origin” means the document provided by the\nmanufacturer of a new motor vehicle or new trailer, or its distributor, which is\nthe only valid indication of ownership between the manufacturer, its\ndistributor, its franchised motor vehicle dealers, and the original purchaser\nnot for resale.\n\t\t“Dealer-operator” means the individual who works at the\nestablished place of business of a dealer and who is responsible for and in\ncharge of day-to-day operations of that place of business.\n\t\t“Demonstrator” means a new motor vehicle having a gross vehicle\nweight rating of less than 16,000 pounds that (i) has more than 750 miles\naccumulated on its odometer that has been driven by dealer personnel or by\nprospective purchasers during the course of selling, displaying, demonstrating,\nshowing, or exhibiting it and (ii) may be sold as a new motor vehicle, provided\nthe dealer complies with the provisions of subsection D of \u00a7 46.2-1530.\n\t\t“Distributor” means a person who is licensed by the Department\nunder this chapter and who sells or distributes new motor vehicles or new\ntrailers pursuant to a written agreement with the manufacturer to franchised\nmotor vehicle dealers in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Distributor branch” means a branch office licensed by the\nDepartment under this chapter and maintained by a distributor for the sale of\nmotor vehicles to motor vehicle dealers or for directing or supervising, in\nwhole or in part, its representatives in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Distributor representative” means a person who is licensed by the\nDepartment under this chapter and employed by a distributor or by a distributor\nbranch, for the purpose of making or promoting the sale of motor vehicles or for\nsupervising or contacting its dealers, prospective dealers, or representatives\nin the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Factory branch” means a branch office maintained by a person for\nthe sale of motor vehicles to distributors or for the sale of motor vehicles to\nmotor vehicle dealers, or for directing or supervising, in whole or in part, its\nrepresentatives in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Factory representative” means a person who is licensed by the\nDepartment under this chapter and employed by a person who manufactures or\nassembles motor vehicles or by a factory branch for the purpose of making or\npromoting the sale of its motor vehicles or for supervising or contacting its\ndealers, prospective dealers, or representatives in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Factory repurchase motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle sold,\nleased, rented, consigned, or otherwise transferred to a person under an\nagreement that the motor vehicle will be resold or otherwise retransferred only\nto the manufacturer or distributor of the motor vehicle, and which is reacquired\nby the manufacturer or distributor, or its agents.\n\t\t“Family member” means a person who either (i) is the spouse,\nchild, grandchild, spouse of a child, spouse of a grandchild, brother, sister,\nor parent of the dealer or owner or (ii) has been employed continuously by the\ndealer for at least five years.\n\t\t“Franchise” means a written contract or agreement between two or\nmore persons whereby one person, the franchisee, is granted the right to engage\nin the business of offering and selling, offering and delivering pursuant to a\nlease, servicing, or offering, selling, and servicing new trailers with a gross\nvehicle weight rating of more than 30,000 pounds or new motor vehicles of a\nparticular line-make or late model or used motor vehicles of a particular\nline-make manufactured or distributed by the grantor of the right, the\nfranchisor, and where the operation of the franchisee’s business is\nsubstantially associated with the franchisor’s trademark, trade name,\nadvertising, or other commercial symbol designating the franchisor, the motor\nvehicle or its manufacturer or distributor. “Franchise” includes any\nseverable part or parts of a franchise agreement which separately provides for\nselling and servicing different line-makes of the franchisor.\n\t\t“Franchised late model or franchised used motor vehicle dealer”\nmeans a dealer selling used motor vehicles, including vehicles purchased from\nthe franchisor, under the trademark of a manufacturer or distributor that has a\nfranchise agreement with a manufacturer or distributor.\n\t\t“Franchised motor vehicle dealer” or “franchised\ndealer” means a dealer in new trailers with a gross vehicle weight rating\nof more than 30,000 pounds or new motor vehicles that has a franchise agreement\nwith a manufacturer or distributor of new trailers with a gross vehicle weight\nrating of more than 30,000 pounds or new motor vehicles to sell new trailers\nwith a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 30,000 pounds or new motor\nvehicles or to sell used motor vehicles under the trademark of a manufacturer or\ndistributor regardless of the age of the motor vehicles.\n\t\t“Fund” means the Motor Vehicle Dealer Board Fund.\n\t\t“Independent motor vehicle dealer” means a dealer in used motor\nvehicles.\n\t\t“Late model motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle of the current\nmodel year and the immediately preceding model year.\n\t\t“Line-make” means the name of the motor vehicle manufacturer or\ndistributor and a brand or name plate marketed by the manufacturer or\ndistributor. The line-make of a motorcycle manufacturer, factory branch,\ndistributor, or distributor branch includes every brand of all-terrain vehicle,\nautocycle, and off-road motorcycle manufactured or distributed bearing the name\nof the motorcycle manufacturer or distributer.\n\t\t“Manufactured home dealer” means any person licensed as a\nmanufactured home dealer under Chapter 4.2 (\u00a7 36-85.16 et seq.) of Title 36.\n\t\t“Manufacturer” means a person who is licensed by the Department\nunder this chapter and engaged in the business of constructing or assembling new\nmotor vehicles or new trailers and, in the case of trucks, recreational\nvehicles, and motor homes, also means a person engaged in the business of\nmanufacturing engines, transmissions, power trains, or rear axles, when such\nengines, transmissions, power trains, or rear axles are not warranted by the\nfinal manufacturer or assembler of the truck, recreational vehicle, or motor\nhome.\n\t\t“Motorcycle” means every motor vehicle designed to travel on not\nmore than three wheels in contact with the ground, except any vehicle within the\nterm “farm tractor” or “moped” as defined in \u00a7\n46.2-100. Except as otherwise provided, for the purposes of this chapter,\nall-terrain vehicles, autocycles, and off-road motorcycles are deemed to be\nmotorcycles.\n\t\t“Motor home” means a motorized recreational vehicle designed to\nprovide temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, or travel use that\ncontains at least four of the following permanently installed independent life\nsupport systems that meet the National Fire Protection Association standards for\nrecreational vehicles: (i) a cooking facility with an onboard fuel source; (ii)\na potable water supply system that includes at least a sink, a faucet, and a\nwater tank with an exterior service supply connection; (iii) a toilet with\nexterior evacuation; (iv) a gas or electric refrigerator; (v) a heating or air\nconditioning system with an onboard power or fuel source separate from the\nvehicle engine; or (vi) a 110-125 volt electric power supply.\n\t\t“Motor vehicle” means the same as provided in \u00a7 46.2-100, except,\nfor the purposes of this chapter, “motor vehicle” includes trailers,\nas defined in this section, and does not include (i) manufactured homes, sales\nof which are regulated under Chapter 4.2 (\u00a7 36-85.16 et seq.) of Title 36; (ii)\nnonrepairable vehicles, as defined in \u00a7 46.2-1600; (iii) salvage vehicles, as\ndefined in \u00a7 46.2-1600; or (iv) mobile cranes that exceed the size or weight\nlimitations as set forth in \u00a7 46.2-1105, 46.2-1110, or 46.2-1113 or Article 17\n(\u00a7 46.2-1122 et seq.) of Chapter 10.\n\t\t“Motor vehicle dealer” or “dealer” means any person\nwho:\n\n1. For commission, money, or other thing of value, buys for resale, sells, or\nexchanges, either outright or on conditional sale, lease, chattel mortgage, or\nother similar transaction or arranges or offers or attempts to solicit or\nnegotiate on behalf of others the sale, purchase, or exchange of, either\noutright or on conditional sale, lease, chattel mortgage, or other similar\ntransaction, an interest in new motor vehicles, new and used motor vehicles, or\nused motor vehicles alone, whether or not the motor vehicles are owned by him;\nor\n\n2. Is wholly or partly engaged in the business of selling new motor vehicles,\nnew and used motor vehicles, or used motor vehicles only, whether or not the\nmotor vehicles are owned by him.\n\t\t\tAny person who offers to sell, sells, displays, or permits the display for\nsale, of five or more motor vehicles within any 12 consecutive months is\npresumed to be a motor vehicle dealer and may rebut the presumption by a\npreponderance of the evidence.\n\t\t\tFor the purposes of Article 7.2 (§ 46.2-1573.2 et seq.),\n“dealer” means recreational vehicle dealer. For the purposes of\nArticle 7.3 (§ 46.2-1573.13 et seq.), “dealer” means watercraft\ntrailer dealer and trailer dealer of new trailers with a gross vehicle weight\nrating of more than 30,000 pounds. For the purposes of Article 7.4 (§\n46.2-1573.25 et seq.), “dealer” means motorcycle dealer.\n\t\t\t“Motor vehicle dealer” or “dealer” does not include:\n\n1. Receivers, trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, conservators or\nother persons appointed by or acting under judgment or order of any court or\ntheir employees when engaged in the specific performance of their duties as\nemployees.\n\n2. Public officers, their deputies, assistants, or employees, while performing\ntheir official duties.\n\n3. Persons other than business entities primarily engaged in the leasing or\nrenting of motor vehicles to others when selling or offering such vehicles for\nsale at retail, disposing of motor vehicles acquired for their own use and\nactually so used, when the vehicles have been so acquired and used in good faith\nand not for the purpose of avoiding the provisions of this chapter.\n\n4. Persons dealing solely in the sale and distribution of fire-fighting\nvehicles, ambulances, and funeral vehicles, including motor vehicles adapted\ntherefor; however, this exemption shall not exempt any person from the\nprovisions of §§ 46.2-1519, 46.2-1520, and 46.2-1548.\n\n5. Any financial institution chartered or authorized to do business under the\nlaws of the Commonwealth or the United States which may have received title to a\nmotor vehicle in the normal course of its business by reason of a foreclosure,\nother taking, repossession, or voluntary reconveyance to that institution\noccurring as a result of any loan secured by a lien on the vehicle.\n\n6. An employee of an organization arranging for the purchase or lease by the\norganization of vehicles for use in the organization’s business.\n\n7. Any person licensed to sell real estate who sells a manufactured home or\nsimilar vehicle in conjunction with the sale of the parcel of land on which the\nmanufactured home or similar vehicle is located.\n\n8. Any person who permits the operation of a motor vehicle show or permits the\ndisplay of motor vehicles for sale by any motor vehicle dealer licensed under\nthis chapter.\n\n9. An insurance company authorized to do business in the Commonwealth that sells\nor disposes of vehicles under a contract with its insured in the regular course\nof business.\n\n10. Any publication, broadcast, or other communications media when engaged in\nthe business of advertising, but not otherwise arranging for the sale of\nvehicles owned by others.\n\n11. Any person dealing solely in the sale or lease of vehicles designed\nexclusively for off-road use.\n\n12. Any credit union authorized to do business in Virginia, provided the credit\nunion does not receive a commission, money, or other thing of value directly\nfrom a motor vehicle dealer.\n\n13. Any person licensed as a manufactured home dealer, broker, manufacturer, or\nsalesperson under Chapter 4.2 (§ 36-85.16 et seq.) of Title 36.\n\n14. The State Department of Social Services or local departments of social\nservices.\n\n15. Any person dealing solely in the sale and distribution of utility or cargo\ntrailers that have unloaded weights of 3,000 pounds or less; however, this\nexemption shall not exempt any person who deals in stock trailers or watercraft\ntrailers.\n\n16. Any motor vehicle manufacturer or distributor selling a new motor vehicle at\nwholesale to its franchised dealer or a used motor vehicle to a licensed dealer.\n\t\t\tFor the purposes of Article 7 (§ 46.2-1566 et seq.),\n“dealer” does not include recreational vehicle dealers, trailer\ndealers, watercraft trailer dealers, or motorcycle dealers.\n\t\t\t“Motor vehicle salesperson” or “salesperson” means\n(i) any person who is hired as an employee by a motor vehicle dealer to sell or\nexchange motor vehicles and who receives or expects to receive a commission,\nfee, or any other consideration from the dealer; (ii) any person who supervises\nsalespersons employed by a motor vehicle dealer, whether compensated by salary\nor by commission; (iii) any person, compensated by salary or commission by a\nmotor vehicle dealer, who negotiates with or induces a customer to enter into a\nsecurity agreement on behalf of a dealer; or (iv) any person who is licensed as\na motor vehicle dealer and who sells or exchanges motor vehicles. For purposes\nof this section, any person who is an independent contractor as defined by the\nUnited States Internal Revenue Code shall be deemed not to be a motor vehicle\nsalesperson.\n\t\t\t“Motor vehicle show” means a display of motor vehicles to the\ngeneral public at a location other than a dealer’s location licensed under\nthis chapter where the vehicles are not being offered for sale or exchange\nduring or as part of the display.\n\t\t\t“New motor vehicle” means any vehicle, excluding trailers, that\nis in the possession of the manufacturer, factory branch, distributor,\ndistributor branch, or motor vehicle dealer and for which an original title has\nnot been issued by the Department or by the issuing agency of any other state\nand has less than 7,500 miles accumulated on its odometer.\n\t\t\t“New trailer” means any trailer that (i) has not been previously\nsold except in good faith for the purpose of resale; (ii) has not been used as a\nrental, driver education, or demonstration trailer or for the personal or\nbusiness transportation of the manufacturer, distributor, dealer, or any of its\nemployees; (iii) has not been used except for limited use necessary in moving or\nroad testing the trailer prior to delivery to a customer; (iv) is transferred by\na certificate of origin; and (v) has the manufacturer’s certification that\nit conforms to all applicable federal trailer safety and emission standards.\nNotwithstanding clauses (i) and (iii), a trailer that has been previously sold\nbut not titled shall be deemed a new trailer if it meets the requirements of\nclauses (ii), (iv), and (v).\n\t\t\t“Original license” means a motor vehicle dealer license issued to\nan applicant who has never been licensed as a motor vehicle dealer in Virginia\nor whose Virginia motor vehicle dealer license has been expired for more than 30\ndays.\n\t\t\t“Recreational vehicle” or “RV” means a vehicle that\n(i) is either self-propelled or towed by a consumer-owned tow vehicle, (ii) is\nprimarily designed to provide temporary living quarters for recreational,\ncamping, or travel use; and (iii) complies with all applicable federal vehicle\nregulations and does not require a special movement permit to legally use the\nhighways. Recreational vehicle includes motor homes, travel trailers, and\ncamping trailers.\n\t\t\t“Relevant market area” means as follows:\n\n1. For motor vehicle dealers except motorcycle dealers, in metropolitan\nlocalities the relevant market area shall be a circular area around an existing\nfranchised dealer with a population of 250,000, not to exceed a radius of 10\nmiles, but in no case less than seven miles.\n\n2. For motor vehicle dealers except motorcycle dealers, if the population in a\ncircular area within a radius of 10 miles around an existing franchised dealer\nis less than 250,000, but the population in an area within a radius of 15 miles\naround an existing franchised dealer is 150,000 or more, the relevant market\narea shall be that circular area within the 15-mile radius.\n\n3. For motor vehicle dealers except motorcycle dealers, in all other cases the\nrelevant market area shall be a circular area within a radius of 20 miles around\nan existing franchised dealer or the area of responsibility defined in the\nfranchise agreement, whichever is greater. In any case where the franchise\nagreement is silent as to area of responsibility, the relevant market area shall\nbe the greater of a circular area within a radius of 20 miles around an existing\nfranchised dealer or that area in which the franchisor otherwise requires the\nfranchisee to make significant retail sales or sales efforts.\n\n4. For motorcycle dealers, the relevant market area shall be a circular area\nwithin a radius of 20 miles if the population within such area around an\nexisting franchised dealer location is one million or more. If the population in\na circular area within a 20-mile radius is less than one million, the relevant\nmarket area shall be a circular area within a radius of 30 miles. If the\npopulation within a 30-mile radius is less than one million, the relevant market\narea shall be a circular area within a radius of 40 miles. In all cases, the\nrelevant market area shall be the area described above or the area of\nresponsibility defined in the franchise agreement, whichever is greater. In\naddition, the relevant market area shall include that area in which the\nfranchisor otherwise requires the franchisee to make significant retail sales or\nsales efforts.\n\t\t\tNotwithstanding the foregoing provision of this section, in the case of\ndealers in motor vehicles with gross vehicle weight ratings of 26,000 pounds or\ngreater, excluding recreational vehicles, the relevant market area with respect\nto the dealer’s franchise for all such vehicles shall be a circular area\naround an existing franchised dealer with a radius of 25 miles, except where the\npopulation in such circular area is less than 250,000, in which case the\nrelevant market area shall be a circular area around an existing franchised\ndealer with a radius of 50 miles, or the area of responsibility defined in the\nfranchise, whichever is greater.\n\t\t\tIn determining population for relevant market areas, the most recent census\nby the U.S. Bureau of the Census or the most recent population update, either\nfrom the National Planning Data Corporation or other similar recognized source,\nshall be accumulated for all census tracts either wholly or partially within the\nrelevant market area.\n\t\t\t“Retail installment sale” means every sale of one or more motor\nvehicles to a buyer for his use and not for resale, in which the price of the\nvehicle is payable in one or more installments and in which the seller has\neither retained title to the goods or has taken or retained a security interest\nin the goods under form of contract designated either as a security agreement,\nconditional sale, bailment lease, chattel mortgage, or otherwise.\n\t\t\t“Sale at retail” or “retail sale” means the act or\nattempted act of selling, bartering, exchanging, or otherwise disposing of a\nmotor vehicle to a buyer for his personal use and not for resale.\n\t\t\t“Sale at wholesale” or “wholesale” means a sale to\nmotor vehicle dealers or wholesalers other than to consumers; a sale to one who\nintends to resell.\n\t\t\t“Semitrailer” means every vehicle of the trailer type so designed\nand used in conjunction with another motor vehicle that some part of its own\nweight and that of its own load rests on or is carried by another vehicle.\n\t\t\t“Tractor truck” means every motor vehicle designed and used\nprimarily for drawing other vehicles and not so constructed as to carry a load\nother than a part of the load and weight of the vehicle attached thereto.\n\t\t\t“Trailer” means every vehicle without motive power designed for\ncarrying property or passengers wholly on its own structure and for being drawn\nby another motor vehicle, including semitrailers but not manufactured homes,\nwatercraft trailers, camping trailers, or travel trailers.\n\t\t\t“Travel trailer” means a vehicle designed to provide temporary\nliving quarters for recreational, camping, or travel use of such size or weight\nso as not to require a special highway movement permit when towed by a\nconsumer-owned tow vehicle.\n\t\t\t“Used motor vehicle” means any vehicle other than a new motor\nvehicle as defined in this section.\n\t\t\t“Watercraft trailer” means any new or used trailer specifically\ndesigned to carry a watercraft or a motorboat and purchased, sold, or offered\nfor sale by a watercraft dealer licensed under Chapter 8 (§ 29.1-800 et\nseq.) of Title 29.1.\n\t\t\t“Watercraft trailer dealer” means any watercraft dealer licensed\nunder Chapter 8 (§ 29.1-800 et seq.) of Title 29.1.\n\t\t\t“Wholesale auction” means an auction of motor vehicles restricted\nto sales at wholesale.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 46-503; 1950, p. 1604; 1956, c. 120; 1958, c. 541, \u00a7\n46.1-516; 1962, c. 368; 1964, c. 375; 1974, c. 189; 1975, c. 304; 1976, c. 362;\n1980, c. 161; 1982, c. 394; 1983, c. 234; 1986, c. 630; 1988, c. 865; 1989, cc.\n15, 148, 727; 1992, cc. 134, 148, 572; 1993, c. 124; 1994, c. 888; 1995, cc.\n767, 816; 1996, c. 1053; 1997, cc. 801, 848; 1999, cc. 77, 910; 2004, cc. 111,\n788; 2005, c. 456; 2006, c. 441; 2010, cc. 284, 292, 318, 459; 2014, cc. 53, 75,\n256; 2015, cc. 236, 615; 2019, c. 160; 2020, c. 984; 2025, cc. 565, 579.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}