{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/46.2-2000.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/46.2-2000.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/46.2-2000.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/46.2-2000.html"}],"law_id":70585,"edition_id":1,"section_id":70585,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2000","catch_line":"Definitions","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 56-273; 1950, p. 368; 1966, c. 543; 1973, cc. 306, 460; 1982, c. 257; 1989, c. 625; 1995, cc. 744, 803; 2001, c. 596; 2002, c. 861; 2004, c. 780; 2011, cc. 881, 889; 2012, cc. 22, 111; 2015, cc. 2, 3; 2017, cc. 554, 635, 694, 708.","full_text":"Whenever used in this chapter unless expressly stated otherwise:\n\t\t“Authorized insurer” means, in the case of an interstate motor carrier whose operations may or may not include intrastate activity, an insurer authorized to transact business in any one state, or, in the case of a solely intrastate motor carrier, an insurer authorized to transact business in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Broker” means any person not included in the term “motor carrier” and not a bona fide employee or agent of any such carrier, who, as principal or agent, sells or offers for sale any transportation subject to this chapter except for transportation pursuant to Article 15 (\u00a7 46.2-2099.45 et seq.), or negotiates for, or holds himself out by solicitation, advertisement, or otherwise as one who sells, provides, furnishes, contracts, or arranges for such transportation.\n\t\t“Carrier by motor launch” means a common carrier, which carrier uses one or more motor launches operating on the waters within the Commonwealth to transport passengers.\n\t\t“Certificate” means a certificate of public convenience and necessity or a certificate of fitness.\n\t\t“Certificate of fitness” means a certificate issued by the Department to a contract passenger carrier, a sight-seeing carrier, a transportation network company, or a nonemergency medical transportation carrier.\n\t\t“Certificate of public convenience and necessity” means a certificate issued by the Department of Motor Vehicles to certain common carriers, but nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to mean that the Department can issue any such certificate authorizing intracity transportation.\n\t\t“Common carrier” means any person who undertakes, whether directly or by a lease or any other arrangement, to transport passengers for the general public by motor vehicle for compensation over the highways of the Commonwealth, whether over regular or irregular routes, including such motor vehicle operations of carriers by rail or water under this chapter. “Common carrier” does not include nonemergency medical transportation carriers, transportation network companies, or TNC partners as defined in this section.\n\t\t“Contract passenger carrier” means a motor carrier that transports groups of passengers under a single contract made with one person for an agreed charge for such transportation, regardless of the number of passengers transported, and for which transportation no individual or separate fares are solicited, charged, collected, or received by the carrier. “Contract passenger carrier” does not include a transportation network company or TNC partner as defined in this section.\n\t\t“Department” means the Department of Motor Vehicles.\n\t\t“Digital platform” means any online-enabled application, software, website, or system offered or utilized by a transportation network company that enables the prearrangement of rides with TNC partners.\n\t\t“Employee hauler” means a motor carrier operating for compensation and exclusively transporting only bona fide employees directly to and from the factories, plants, office or other places of like nature where the employees are employed and accustomed to work.\n\t\t“Excursion train” means any steam-powered train that carries passengers for which the primary purpose of the operation of such train is the passengers’ experience and enjoyment of this means of transportation, and does not, in the course of operation, carry (i) freight other than the personal luggage of the passengers or crew or supplies and equipment necessary to serve the needs of the passengers and crew, (ii) passengers who are commuting to work, or (iii) passengers who are traveling to their final destination solely for business or commercial purposes.\n\t\t“Financial responsibility” means the ability to respond in damages for liability thereafter incurred arising out of the ownership, maintenance, use, or operation of a motor vehicle, in the amounts provided for in this chapter.\n\t\t“Highway” means every public highway or place of whatever nature open to the use of the public for purposes of vehicular travel in the Commonwealth, including the streets and alleys in towns and cities.\n\t\t“Identification marker” means a decal or other visible identification issued by the Department to show one or more of the following: (i) that the operator of the vehicle has registered with the Department for the payment of the road tax imposed under Chapter 27 (\u00a7 58.1-2700 et seq.) of Title 58.1; (ii) proof of the possession of a certificate or permit issued pursuant to this chapter; or (iii) proof of compliance with the insurance requirements of this chapter.\n\t\t“Interstate” means transportation of passengers between states.\n\t\t“Intrastate” means transportation of passengers solely within a state.\n\t\t“License” means a license issued by the Department to a broker or a TNC broker.\n\t\t“Minibus” means any motor vehicle having a seating capacity of not less than seven nor more than 31 passengers, including the driver, and used in the transportation of passengers.\n\t\t“Motor carrier” means any person who undertakes, whether directly or by lease, to transport passengers for compensation over the highways of the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Motor launch” means a motor vessel that meets the requirements of the U.S. Coast Guard for the carriage of passengers for compensation, with a capacity of six or more passengers, but not in excess of 50 passengers. “Motor launch” does not include sight-seeing vessels, special or charter party vessels within the provisions of this chapter. A carrier by motor launch shall not be regarded as a steamship company.\n\t\t“Nonemergency medical transportation carrier” means a motor carrier that exclusively provides nonemergency medical transportation and provides such transportation only (i) through the Department of Medical Assistance Services; (ii) through a broker operating under a contract with the Department of Medical Assistance Services; or (iii) as a Medicaid Managed Care Organization or through a contractor of a Medicaid Managed Care Organization contracted with the Department of Medical Assistance Services to provide such transportation.\n\t\t“Nonprofit\/tax-exempt passenger carrier” means a bona fide nonprofit corporation organized or existing under Chapter 10 (\u00a7 13.1-801 et seq.) of Title 13.1, or a tax-exempt organization as defined in \u00a7\u00a7 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, who undertakes, whether directly or by lease, to control and operate minibuses exclusively in the transportation, for compensation, of members of such organization if it is a membership corporation, or of elderly, disabled, or economically disadvantaged members of the community if it is not a membership corporation.\n\t\t“Operation” or “operations” includes the operation of all motor vehicles, whether loaded or empty, whether for compensation or not, and whether owned by or leased to the motor carrier who operates them or causes them to be operated.\n\t\t“Operation of a TNC partner vehicle” means (i) any time a TNC partner is logged into a digital platform and is available to pick up passengers; (ii) any time a passenger is in the TNC partner vehicle; and (iii) any time the TNC partner has accepted a prearranged ride request through the digital platform and is en route to a passenger.\n\t\t“Operator” means the employer or person actually driving a motor vehicle or combination of vehicles.\n\t\t“Permit” means a permit issued by the Department to carriers operating as employee haulers or nonprofit\/tax-exempt passenger carriers or to operators of taxicabs or other vehicles performing taxicab service under this chapter.\n\t\t“Person” means any individual, firm, copartnership, corporation, company, association, or joint-stock association, and includes any trustee, receiver, assignee, or personal representative thereof.\n\t\t“Personal vehicle” means a motor vehicle that is not used to transport passengers for compensation except as a TNC partner vehicle.\n\t\t“Prearranged ride” means passenger transportation for compensation in a TNC partner vehicle arranged through a digital platform. “Prearranged ride” includes the period of time that begins when a TNC partner accepts a ride requested through a digital platform, continues while the TNC partner transports a passenger in a TNC partner vehicle, and ends when the passenger exits the TNC partner vehicle.\n\t\t“Restricted common carrier” means any person who undertakes, whether directly or by a lease or other arrangement, to transport passengers for compensation, whereby such transportation service has been restricted. “Restricted common carrier” does not include a transportation network company or TNC partner as defined in this section.\n\t\t“Route,” when used in connection with or with respect to a certificate of public convenience and necessity, means the road or highway, or segment thereof, operated over by the holder of a certificate of public convenience and necessity or proposed to be operated over by an applicant therefor, whether such road or highway is designated by one or more highway numbers.\n\t\t“Services” and “transportation” include the service of, and all transportation by, all vehicles operated by, for, or in the interest of any motor carrier irrespective of ownership or contract, expressed or implied, together with all facilities and property operated or controlled by any such carrier or carriers and used in the transportation of passengers or the performance of any service in connection therewith.\n\t\t“Sight-seeing carrier” means a restricted common carrier authorized to transport passengers under the provisions of this chapter, whereby the primary purpose of the operation is the passengers’ experience and enjoyment or the promotion of tourism.\n\t\t“Sight-seeing carrier by boat” means a restricted common carrier, which restricted common carrier uses a boat or boats operating on waters within the Commonwealth to transport passengers, and whereby the primary purpose of the operation is the passengers’ experience and enjoyment or the promotion of tourism. Sight-seeing carriers by boat shall not be regarded as steamship companies.\n\t\t“Single state insurance receipt” means any receipt issued pursuant to 49 C.F.R. Part 367 evidencing that the carrier has the required insurance and paid the requisite fees to the Commonwealth and other qualified jurisdictions.\n\t\t“Special or charter party carrier by boat” means a restricted common carrier which transports groups of persons under a single contract made with one person for an agreed charge for such movement regardless of the number of persons transported. Special or charter party carriers by boat shall not be regarded as steamship companies.\n\t\t“Taxicab or other motor vehicle performing a taxicab service” means any motor vehicle having a seating capacity of not more than six passengers, excluding the driver, not operating on a regular route or between fixed terminals used in the transportation of passengers for hire or for compensation, and not a common carrier, restricted common carrier, transportation network company, TNC partner, or nonemergency medical transportation carrier as defined in this chapter.\n\t\t“TNC broker” means any person who (i) is not a transportation network company or TNC partner and (ii) is not a bona fide employee or agent of a transportation network company or TNC partner, and who contracts or enters into an agreement or arrangement, with a transportation network company and who, in accordance with such contract, agreement or arrangement, arranges any transportation subject to Article 15 (\u00a7 46.2-2099.45 et seq.) or negotiates for or holds himself out by solicitation, advertisement, or otherwise as one who arranges for such transportation but does not control the manner in which such transportation is provided.\n\t\t“TNC broker insurance” means a motor vehicle liability insurance policy that specifically covers liabilities arising while the TNC partner is en route to a passenger pursuant to arrangements made by a TNC broker.\n\t\t“TNC insurance” means a motor vehicle liability insurance policy that specifically covers liabilities arising from a TNC partner’s operation of a TNC partner vehicle.\n\t\t“TNC partner” means a person authorized by a transportation network company to use a TNC partner vehicle to provide prearranged rides on an intrastate basis in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“TNC partner vehicle” means a personal vehicle authorized by a transportation network company and used by a TNC partner to provide prearranged rides on an intrastate basis in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Trade dress” means a logo, insignia, or emblem attached to or visible from the exterior of a TNC partner vehicle that identifies a transportation network company or digital platform with which the TNC partner vehicle is affiliated.\n\t\t“Transportation network company” means a person who provides prearranged rides using a digital platform that connects passengers with TNC partners.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":254678,"text":"Whenever used in this chapter unless expressly stated otherwise:\n\t\t“Authorized insurer” means, in the case of an interstate motor carrier whose operations may or may not include intrastate activity, an insurer authorized to transact business in any one state, or, in the case of a solely intrastate motor carrier, an insurer authorized to transact business in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Broker” means any person not included in the term “motor carrier” and not a bona fide employee or agent of any such carrier, who, as principal or agent, sells or offers for sale any transportation subject to this chapter except for transportation pursuant to Article 15 (\u00a7 46.2-2099.45 et seq.), or negotiates for, or holds himself out by solicitation, advertisement, or otherwise as one who sells, provides, furnishes, contracts, or arranges for such transportation.\n\t\t“Carrier by motor launch” means a common carrier, which carrier uses one or more motor launches operating on the waters within the Commonwealth to transport passengers.\n\t\t“Certificate” means a certificate of public convenience and necessity or a certificate of fitness.\n\t\t“Certificate of fitness” means a certificate issued by the Department to a contract passenger carrier, a sight-seeing carrier, a transportation network company, or a nonemergency medical transportation carrier.\n\t\t“Certificate of public convenience and necessity” means a certificate issued by the Department of Motor Vehicles to certain common carriers, but nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to mean that the Department can issue any such certificate authorizing intracity transportation.\n\t\t“Common carrier” means any person who undertakes, whether directly or by a lease or any other arrangement, to transport passengers for the general public by motor vehicle for compensation over the highways of the Commonwealth, whether over regular or irregular routes, including such motor vehicle operations of carriers by rail or water under this chapter. “Common carrier” does not include nonemergency medical transportation carriers, transportation network companies, or TNC partners as defined in this section.\n\t\t“Contract passenger carrier” means a motor carrier that transports groups of passengers under a single contract made with one person for an agreed charge for such transportation, regardless of the number of passengers transported, and for which transportation no individual or separate fares are solicited, charged, collected, or received by the carrier. “Contract passenger carrier” does not include a transportation network company or TNC partner as defined in this section.\n\t\t“Department” means the Department of Motor Vehicles.\n\t\t“Digital platform” means any online-enabled application, software, website, or system offered or utilized by a transportation network company that enables the prearrangement of rides with TNC partners.\n\t\t“Employee hauler” means a motor carrier operating for compensation and exclusively transporting only bona fide employees directly to and from the factories, plants, office or other places of like nature where the employees are employed and accustomed to work.\n\t\t“Excursion train” means any steam-powered train that carries passengers for which the primary purpose of the operation of such train is the passengers’ experience and enjoyment of this means of transportation, and does not, in the course of operation, carry (i) freight other than the personal luggage of the passengers or crew or supplies and equipment necessary to serve the needs of the passengers and crew, (ii) passengers who are commuting to work, or (iii) passengers who are traveling to their final destination solely for business or commercial purposes.\n\t\t“Financial responsibility” means the ability to respond in damages for liability thereafter incurred arising out of the ownership, maintenance, use, or operation of a motor vehicle, in the amounts provided for in this chapter.\n\t\t“Highway” means every public highway or place of whatever nature open to the use of the public for purposes of vehicular travel in the Commonwealth, including the streets and alleys in towns and cities.\n\t\t“Identification marker” means a decal or other visible identification issued by the Department to show one or more of the following: (i) that the operator of the vehicle has registered with the Department for the payment of the road tax imposed under Chapter 27 (\u00a7 58.1-2700 et seq.) of Title 58.1; (ii) proof of the possession of a certificate or permit issued pursuant to this chapter; or (iii) proof of compliance with the insurance requirements of this chapter.\n\t\t“Interstate” means transportation of passengers between states.\n\t\t“Intrastate” means transportation of passengers solely within a state.\n\t\t“License” means a license issued by the Department to a broker or a TNC broker.\n\t\t“Minibus” means any motor vehicle having a seating capacity of not less than seven nor more than 31 passengers, including the driver, and used in the transportation of passengers.\n\t\t“Motor carrier” means any person who undertakes, whether directly or by lease, to transport passengers for compensation over the highways of the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Motor launch” means a motor vessel that meets the requirements of the U.S. Coast Guard for the carriage of passengers for compensation, with a capacity of six or more passengers, but not in excess of 50 passengers. “Motor launch” does not include sight-seeing vessels, special or charter party vessels within the provisions of this chapter. A carrier by motor launch shall not be regarded as a steamship company.\n\t\t“Nonemergency medical transportation carrier” means a motor carrier that exclusively provides nonemergency medical transportation and provides such transportation only (i) through the Department of Medical Assistance Services; (ii) through a broker operating under a contract with the Department of Medical Assistance Services; or (iii) as a Medicaid Managed Care Organization or through a contractor of a Medicaid Managed Care Organization contracted with the Department of Medical Assistance Services to provide such transportation.\n\t\t“Nonprofit\/tax-exempt passenger carrier” means a bona fide nonprofit corporation organized or existing under Chapter 10 (\u00a7 13.1-801 et seq.) of Title 13.1, or a tax-exempt organization as defined in \u00a7\u00a7 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, who undertakes, whether directly or by lease, to control and operate minibuses exclusively in the transportation, for compensation, of members of such organization if it is a membership corporation, or of elderly, disabled, or economically disadvantaged members of the community if it is not a membership corporation.\n\t\t“Operation” or “operations” includes the operation of all motor vehicles, whether loaded or empty, whether for compensation or not, and whether owned by or leased to the motor carrier who operates them or causes them to be operated.\n\t\t“Operation of a TNC partner vehicle” means (i) any time a TNC partner is logged into a digital platform and is available to pick up passengers; (ii) any time a passenger is in the TNC partner vehicle; and (iii) any time the TNC partner has accepted a prearranged ride request through the digital platform and is en route to a passenger.\n\t\t“Operator” means the employer or person actually driving a motor vehicle or combination of vehicles.\n\t\t“Permit” means a permit issued by the Department to carriers operating as employee haulers or nonprofit\/tax-exempt passenger carriers or to operators of taxicabs or other vehicles performing taxicab service under this chapter.\n\t\t“Person” means any individual, firm, copartnership, corporation, company, association, or joint-stock association, and includes any trustee, receiver, assignee, or personal representative thereof.\n\t\t“Personal vehicle” means a motor vehicle that is not used to transport passengers for compensation except as a TNC partner vehicle.\n\t\t“Prearranged ride” means passenger transportation for compensation in a TNC partner vehicle arranged through a digital platform. “Prearranged ride” includes the period of time that begins when a TNC partner accepts a ride requested through a digital platform, continues while the TNC partner transports a passenger in a TNC partner vehicle, and ends when the passenger exits the TNC partner vehicle.\n\t\t“Restricted common carrier” means any person who undertakes, whether directly or by a lease or other arrangement, to transport passengers for compensation, whereby such transportation service has been restricted. “Restricted common carrier” does not include a transportation network company or TNC partner as defined in this section.\n\t\t“Route,” when used in connection with or with respect to a certificate of public convenience and necessity, means the road or highway, or segment thereof, operated over by the holder of a certificate of public convenience and necessity or proposed to be operated over by an applicant therefor, whether such road or highway is designated by one or more highway numbers.\n\t\t“Services” and “transportation” include the service of, and all transportation by, all vehicles operated by, for, or in the interest of any motor carrier irrespective of ownership or contract, expressed or implied, together with all facilities and property operated or controlled by any such carrier or carriers and used in the transportation of passengers or the performance of any service in connection therewith.\n\t\t“Sight-seeing carrier” means a restricted common carrier authorized to transport passengers under the provisions of this chapter, whereby the primary purpose of the operation is the passengers’ experience and enjoyment or the promotion of tourism.\n\t\t“Sight-seeing carrier by boat” means a restricted common carrier, which restricted common carrier uses a boat or boats operating on waters within the Commonwealth to transport passengers, and whereby the primary purpose of the operation is the passengers’ experience and enjoyment or the promotion of tourism. Sight-seeing carriers by boat shall not be regarded as steamship companies.\n\t\t“Single state insurance receipt” means any receipt issued pursuant to 49 C.F.R. Part 367 evidencing that the carrier has the required insurance and paid the requisite fees to the Commonwealth and other qualified jurisdictions.\n\t\t“Special or charter party carrier by boat” means a restricted common carrier which transports groups of persons under a single contract made with one person for an agreed charge for such movement regardless of the number of persons transported. Special or charter party carriers by boat shall not be regarded as steamship companies.\n\t\t“Taxicab or other motor vehicle performing a taxicab service” means any motor vehicle having a seating capacity of not more than six passengers, excluding the driver, not operating on a regular route or between fixed terminals used in the transportation of passengers for hire or for compensation, and not a common carrier, restricted common carrier, transportation network company, TNC partner, or nonemergency medical transportation carrier as defined in this chapter.\n\t\t“TNC broker” means any person who (i) is not a transportation network company or TNC partner and (ii) is not a bona fide employee or agent of a transportation network company or TNC partner, and who contracts or enters into an agreement or arrangement, with a transportation network company and who, in accordance with such contract, agreement or arrangement, arranges any transportation subject to Article 15 (\u00a7 46.2-2099.45 et seq.) or negotiates for or holds himself out by solicitation, advertisement, or otherwise as one who arranges for such transportation but does not control the manner in which such transportation is provided.\n\t\t“TNC broker insurance” means a motor vehicle liability insurance policy that specifically covers liabilities arising while the TNC partner is en route to a passenger pursuant to arrangements made by a TNC broker.\n\t\t“TNC insurance” means a motor vehicle liability insurance policy that specifically covers liabilities arising from a TNC partner’s operation of a TNC partner vehicle.\n\t\t“TNC partner” means a person authorized by a transportation network company to use a TNC partner vehicle to provide prearranged rides on an intrastate basis in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“TNC partner vehicle” means a personal vehicle authorized by a transportation network company and used by a TNC partner to provide prearranged rides on an intrastate basis in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Trade dress” means a logo, insignia, or emblem attached to or visible from the exterior of a TNC partner vehicle that identifies a transportation network company or digital platform with which the TNC partner vehicle is affiliated.\n\t\t“Transportation network company” means a person who provides prearranged rides using a digital platform that connects passengers with TNC partners.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":13602,"edition_id":1,"name":"Motor Carriers of Passengers -- Generally","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13319,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:21","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:21","permalink":{"id":231969,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13602,"identifier":"1","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1","url":"\/46.2\/V\/20\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13319,"edition_id":1,"name":"Regulation of Passenger Carriers","identifier":"20","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13318,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:38","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:38","permalink":{"id":231967,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13319,"identifier":"20","token":"46.2\/V\/20","url":"\/46.2\/V\/20\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13318,"edition_id":1,"name":"Motor Carriers","identifier":"V","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12770,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:38","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:38","permalink":{"id":231965,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13318,"identifier":"V","token":"46.2\/V","url":"\/46.2\/V\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12770,"edition_id":1,"name":"Motor Vehicles","identifier":"46.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":225289,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12770,"identifier":"46.2","token":"46.2","url":"\/46.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":70585,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2000","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/46.2-2000\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2000","metadata":false},{"id":61587,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2000.1","catch_line":"Vehicles excluded from operation of chapter","url":"\/46.2-2000.1\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2000.1","metadata":false},{"id":64116,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2000.2","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-2000.2\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2000.2","metadata":false},{"id":60745,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2000.3","catch_line":"Disposition of funds collected","url":"\/46.2-2000.3\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2000.3","metadata":false},{"id":57606,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2001","catch_line":"Regulation by Department; reports; prevention of discrimination; regulation of leasing of motor vehicles","url":"\/46.2-2001\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2001","metadata":false},{"id":56883,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2001.1","catch_line":"License, permit, or certificate required","url":"\/46.2-2001.1\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2001.1","metadata":false},{"id":77508,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2001.2","catch_line":"Identification marker required","url":"\/46.2-2001.2\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2001.2","metadata":false},{"id":87169,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2001.3","catch_line":"Application; notice requirements","url":"\/46.2-2001.3\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2001.3","metadata":false},{"id":54570,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2002","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-2002\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2002","metadata":false},{"id":78145,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2005","catch_line":"Action on applications; 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misdemeanor; ejection","url":"\/46.2-2011.18\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.18","metadata":false},{"id":63428,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.19","catch_line":"Vehicle seizure; penalty","url":"\/46.2-2011.19\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.19","metadata":false},{"id":82881,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.2","catch_line":"Temporary emergency operation","url":"\/46.2-2011.2\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.2","metadata":false},{"id":80046,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.20","catch_line":"Unlawful use of registration and identification markers","url":"\/46.2-2011.20\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.20","metadata":false},{"id":60166,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.21","catch_line":"Registration and identification violations; penalties","url":"\/46.2-2011.21\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.21","metadata":false},{"id":82213,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.22","catch_line":"Violation; criminal penalties","url":"\/46.2-2011.22\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.22","metadata":false},{"id":81998,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.23","catch_line":"Violations; civil penalties","url":"\/46.2-2011.23\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.23","metadata":false},{"id":54936,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.24","catch_line":"Grounds for denying, suspending, or revoking licenses, permits, or certificates","url":"\/46.2-2011.24\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.24","metadata":false},{"id":60339,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.25","catch_line":"Altering or amending licenses, permits, or certificates","url":"\/46.2-2011.25\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.25","metadata":false},{"id":69988,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.26","catch_line":"Suspension, revocation, and refusal to renew licenses, permits, or certificates; notice and hearing","url":"\/46.2-2011.26\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.26","metadata":false},{"id":74287,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.27","catch_line":"Basis for reinstatement of suspended licenses, permits, or certificates; reinstatement fees","url":"\/46.2-2011.27\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.27","metadata":false},{"id":61508,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.28","catch_line":"Basis for relicensure after revocation of licenses, permits, or certificates; fees","url":"\/46.2-2011.28\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.28","metadata":false},{"id":87281,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.29","catch_line":"Surrender of identification marker, license plate, and registration card; removal by law enforcement; operation of vehicle denied","url":"\/46.2-2011.29\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.29","metadata":false},{"id":73468,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.3","catch_line":"Issuance, expiration, and renewal of license, permit, and certificate","url":"\/46.2-2011.3\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.3","metadata":false},{"id":79844,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.30","catch_line":"No property rights in highways conferred by chapter","url":"\/46.2-2011.30\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.30","metadata":false},{"id":72228,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.31","catch_line":"Licenses, taxes, etc., not affected","url":"\/46.2-2011.31\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.31","metadata":false},{"id":82246,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.32","catch_line":"Title to plates and markers","url":"\/46.2-2011.32\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.32","metadata":false},{"id":77623,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.33","catch_line":"Prohibition on taxicab operators; registered sex offender","url":"\/46.2-2011.33\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.33","metadata":false},{"id":78242,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.4","catch_line":"Conversion of contract bus certificates","url":"\/46.2-2011.4\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.4","metadata":false},{"id":80835,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.5","catch_line":"Filing and application fees","url":"\/46.2-2011.5\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.5","metadata":false},{"id":72597,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.6","catch_line":"Vehicle fees","url":"\/46.2-2011.6\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.6","metadata":false},{"id":65747,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.7","catch_line":"Certificate holders must provide services","url":"\/46.2-2011.7\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.7","metadata":false},{"id":79243,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.8","catch_line":"Transfers of certificates of public convenience and necessity","url":"\/46.2-2011.8\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.8","metadata":false},{"id":65974,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2011.9","catch_line":"Bond and letter of credit requirements","url":"\/46.2-2011.9\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2011.9","metadata":false},{"id":81591,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2012","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-2012\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2012","metadata":false},{"id":57822,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2042","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-2042\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2042","metadata":false},{"id":75502,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2043","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-2043\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2043","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":61587,"structure_id":13602,"section_number":"46.2-2000.1","catch_line":"Vehicles excluded from operation of chapter","url":"\/46.2-2000.1\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2000.1","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/46.2-2000\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 12 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1966, chapter 543; in 1973, chapters 306 and 460; in 1982, chapter 257; in 1989, chapter 625; in 1995, chapters 744<\/a> and 803<\/a>; in 2001, chapter 596<\/a>; in 2002, chapter 861<\/a>; in 2004, chapter 780<\/a>; in 2011, chapters 881<\/a> and 889<\/a>; in 2012, chapters 22<\/a> and 111<\/a>; in 2015, chapters 2<\/a> and 3<\/a>; in 2017, chapters 554<\/a>, 635<\/a>, 694<\/a>, and 708<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":79360,"section_number":"15.2-2109","catch_line":"Powers of localities as to public utilities and computer services; prevention of pollution of certain water","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-2109\/"},{"id":81089,"section_number":"19.2-389","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Dissemination of criminal history record information","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-389\/"},{"id":55602,"section_number":"4.1-100","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/4.1-100\/"},{"id":78252,"section_number":"4.1-212","catch_line":"Permits required in certain instances","order_by":null,"url":"\/4.1-212\/"},{"id":82691,"section_number":"46.2-100","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-100\/"},{"id":66212,"section_number":"46.2-1021","catch_line":"Additional lights permitted on certain commercial vehicles","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1021\/"},{"id":70949,"section_number":"46.2-1052","catch_line":"Tinting films, signs, decals, and stickers on windshields, etc.; penalties","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1052\/"},{"id":80519,"section_number":"46.2-1076","catch_line":"Lettering on certain vehicles","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1076\/"},{"id":67501,"section_number":"46.2-1400","catch_line":"\"Ridesharing arrangement\" defined","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1400\/"},{"id":57954,"section_number":"46.2-2060","catch_line":"Limitations on advertising","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-2060\/"},{"id":67466,"section_number":"46.2-711","catch_line":"Furnishing number and design of plates; displaying on vehicles required","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-711\/"},{"id":74066,"section_number":"46.2-712","catch_line":"Requirements of license plates and decals","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-712\/"},{"id":80954,"section_number":"46.2-749.5","catch_line":"Special license plates celebrating Virginia's tobacco heritage","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-749.5\/"},{"id":63763,"section_number":"46.2-753","catch_line":"Additional license fees in certain localities","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-753\/"},{"id":80042,"section_number":"46.2-755","catch_line":"Limitations on imposition of motor vehicle license taxes and fees","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-755\/"},{"id":58201,"section_number":"56-111","catch_line":"When railroads may operate by motor vehicle or aircraft","order_by":null,"url":"\/56-111\/"},{"id":85862,"section_number":"58.1-2600","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/58.1-2600\/"},{"id":73227,"section_number":"8.01-42.6","catch_line":"Liability of employer for personal injury or death by wrongful act","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-42.6\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":76305,"section_number":"13.1-801","catch_line":"Short title","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-801\/"},{"id":63893,"section_number":"46.2-2099.45","catch_line":"Certificates required unless exempted","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-2099.45\/"},{"id":60957,"section_number":"58.1-2700","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/58.1-2700\/"}],"permalink":{"id":231971,"object_type":"law","relational_id":70585,"identifier":"46.2-2000","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2000","url":"\/46.2-2000\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/46.2-2000\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/1\/46.2-2000","dublin_core":{"Title":"Definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 46.2-2000","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

Whenever used in this chapter unless expressly stated otherwise:\n\t\t“Authorized insurer” means, in the case of an interstate<\/span> motor carrier<\/span> whose operations<\/span><\/span> may or may not include intrastate<\/span> activity, an insurer authorized to transact business in any one state, or, in the case of a solely intrastate<\/span> motor carrier<\/span>, an insurer authorized to transact business in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Broker” means any person<\/span> not included in the term “motor carrier<\/span>” and not a bona fide employee or agent<\/span> of any such carrier, who, as principal or agent<\/span>, sells or offers for sale any transportation subject to this chapter except for transportation pursuant to Article 15 (\u00a7 46.2-2099.45<\/a> et seq.), or negotiates for, or holds himself out by solicitation, advertisement, or otherwise as one who sells, provides, furnishes, contracts<\/span>, or arranges for such transportation.\n\t\t“Carrier by motor launch<\/span>” means a common carrier, which carrier uses one or more motor launches operating on the waters within the Commonwealth to transport passengers.\n\t\t“Certificate” means a certificate of public convenience and necessity<\/span> or a certificate of fitness<\/span>.\n\t\t“Certificate of fitness<\/span>” means a certificate issued by the Department<\/span> to a contract passenger carrier<\/span>, a sight-seeing carrier, a transportation network company<\/span>, or a nonemergency medical transportation carrier<\/span>.\n\t\t“Certificate of public convenience and necessity<\/span>” means a certificate issued by the Department<\/span> of Motor Vehicles<\/span> to certain common carriers<\/span>, but nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to mean that the Department<\/span> can issue<\/span> any such certificate authorizing intracity transportation.\n\t\t“Common carrier” means any person<\/span> who undertakes, whether directly or by a lease or any other arrangement, to transport passengers for the general public by motor vehicle for compensation over the highways<\/span><\/span> of the Commonwealth, whether over regular or irregular routes, including such motor vehicle operations<\/span><\/span> of carriers by rail or water under this chapter. “Common carrier” does not include nonemergency medical transportation carriers<\/span>, transportation network companies, or TNC partners<\/span> as defined in this section.\n\t\t“Contract passenger carrier<\/span>” means a motor carrier<\/span> that transports groups of passengers under a single contract made with one person<\/span> for an agreed charge for such transportation, regardless of the number of passengers transported, and for which transportation no individual or separate fares are solicited, charged, collected, or received by the carrier. “Contract passenger carrier<\/span>” does not include a transportation network company<\/span> or TNC partner as defined in this section.\n\t\t“Department<\/span>” means the Department<\/span> of Motor Vehicles<\/span>.\n\t\t“Digital platform<\/span>” means any online-enabled application, software, website, or system offered or utilized by a transportation network company<\/span> that enables the prearrangement of rides with TNC partners<\/span>.\n\t\t“Employee hauler<\/span>” means a motor carrier<\/span> operating for compensation and exclusively transporting only bona fide employees directly to and from the factories, plants, office or other places of like nature where the employees are employed and accustomed to work.\n\t\t“Excursion train<\/span>” means any steam-powered train that carries passengers for which the primary purpose of the operation of such train is the passengers’ experience and enjoyment of this means of transportation, and does not, in the course of operation, carry (i) freight other than the personal luggage of the passengers or crew or supplies and equipment necessary to serve the needs of the passengers and crew, (ii) passengers who are commuting to work, or (iii) passengers who are traveling to their final destination solely for business or commercial purposes.\n\t\t“Financial responsibility<\/span>” means the ability to respond in damages<\/span> for liability thereafter incurred arising out of the ownership, maintenance, use, or operation of a motor vehicle, in the amounts provided for in this chapter.\n\t\t“Highway<\/span>” means every public highway<\/span> or place of whatever nature open to the use of the public for purposes of vehicular travel in the Commonwealth, including the streets and alleys in towns and cities.\n\t\t“Identification marker<\/span>” means a decal<\/span> or other visible identification issued by the Department<\/span> to show one or more of the following: (i) that the operator<\/span> of the vehicle has registered with the Department<\/span> for the payment of the road tax imposed under Chapter 27 (\u00a7 58.1-2700<\/a> et seq.) of Title 58.1; (ii) proof of the possession<\/span> of a certificate or permit<\/span> issued pursuant to this chapter; or (iii) proof of compliance with the insurance requirements of this chapter.\n\t\t“Interstate<\/span>” means transportation of passengers between states.\n\t\t“Intrastate<\/span>” means transportation of passengers solely within a state.\n\t\t“License<\/span>” means a license<\/span> issued by the Department<\/span> to a broker or a TNC broker.\n\t\t“Minibus<\/span>” means any motor vehicle having a seating capacity of not less than seven nor more than 31 passengers, including the driver<\/span>, and used in the transportation of passengers.\n\t\t“Motor carrier<\/span>” means any person<\/span> who undertakes, whether directly or by lease, to transport passengers for compensation over the highways<\/span><\/span> of the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Motor launch” means a motor vessel that meets the requirements of the U.S. Coast Guard for the carriage of passengers for compensation, with a capacity of six or more passengers, but not in excess of 50 passengers. “Motor launch” does not include sight-seeing vessels, special or charter party vessels within the provisions of this chapter. A carrier by motor launch<\/span> shall not be regarded as a steamship company.\n\t\t“Nonemergency medical transportation carrier<\/span>” means a motor carrier<\/span> that exclusively provides nonemergency medical transportation and provides such transportation only (i) through the Department<\/span> of Medical Assistance Services; (ii) through a broker operating under a contract with the Department<\/span> of Medical Assistance Services; or (iii) as a Medicaid Managed Care Organization or through a contractor of a Medicaid Managed Care Organization contracted with the Department<\/span> of Medical Assistance Services to provide such transportation.\n\t\t“Nonprofit\/tax-exempt passenger carrier” means a bona fide nonprofit corporation organized or existing under Chapter 10 (\u00a7 13.1-801<\/a> et seq.) of Title 13.1, or a tax-exempt organization as defined in \u00a7\u00a7 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, who undertakes, whether directly or by lease, to control and operate minibuses exclusively in the transportation, for compensation, of members of such organization if it is a membership corporation, or of elderly, disabled, or economically disadvantaged members of the community if it is not a membership corporation.\n\t\t“Operation” or “operations<\/span><\/span>” includes the operation of all motor vehicles<\/span>, whether loaded or empty, whether for compensation or not, and whether owned by or leased to the motor carrier<\/span> who operates them or causes them to be operated.\n\t\t“Operation of a TNC partner vehicle<\/span><\/span>” means (i) any time a TNC partner is logged into a digital platform<\/span> and is available to pick up passengers; (ii) any time a passenger is in the TNC partner vehicle<\/span>; and (iii) any time the TNC partner has accepted a prearranged ride<\/span> request through the digital platform<\/span> and is en route to a passenger.\n\t\t“Operator<\/span>” means the employer or person<\/span> actually driving a motor vehicle or combination of vehicles.\n\t\t“Permit<\/span>” means a permit<\/span> issued by the Department<\/span> to carriers operating as employee haulers<\/span> or nonprofit\/tax-exempt passenger carriers or to operators<\/span> of taxicabs or other vehicles performing taxicab service under this chapter.\n\t\t“Person<\/span>” means any individual, firm, copartnership, corporation, company, association, or joint-stock association, and includes any trustee, receiver, assignee, or personal representative thereof.\n\t\t“Personal vehicle<\/span>” means a motor vehicle that is not used to transport passengers for compensation except as a TNC partner vehicle<\/span>.\n\t\t“Prearranged ride<\/span>” means passenger transportation for compensation in a TNC partner vehicle<\/span> arranged through a digital platform<\/span>. “Prearranged ride<\/span>” includes the period of time that begins when a TNC partner accepts a ride requested through a digital platform<\/span>, continues while the TNC partner transports a passenger in a TNC partner vehicle<\/span>, and ends when the passenger exits the TNC partner vehicle<\/span>.\n\t\t“Restricted common carrier<\/span>” means any person<\/span> who undertakes, whether directly or by a lease or other arrangement, to transport passengers for compensation, whereby such transportation service has been restricted. “Restricted common carrier<\/span>” does not include a transportation network company<\/span> or TNC partner as defined in this section.\n\t\t“Route,” when used in connection with or with respect to a certificate of public convenience and necessity<\/span>, means the road or highway<\/span>, or segment thereof, operated over by the holder of a certificate of public convenience and necessity<\/span> or proposed to be operated over by an applicant therefor, whether such road or highway<\/span> is designated by one or more highway<\/span> numbers.\n\t\t“Services” and “transportation” include the service of, and all transportation by, all vehicles operated by, for, or in the interest of any motor carrier<\/span> irrespective of ownership or contract, expressed or implied, together with all facilities and property operated or controlled by any such carrier or carriers and used in the transportation of passengers or the performance of any service in connection therewith.\n\t\t“Sight-seeing carrier” means a restricted common carrier<\/span> authorized to transport passengers under the provisions of this chapter, whereby the primary purpose of the operation is the passengers’ experience and enjoyment or the promotion of tourism.\n\t\t“Sight-seeing carrier by boat<\/span>” means a restricted common carrier<\/span>, which restricted common carrier<\/span> uses a boat or boats operating on waters within the Commonwealth to transport passengers, and whereby the primary purpose of the operation is the passengers’ experience and enjoyment or the promotion of tourism. Sight-seeing carriers<\/span> by boat shall not be regarded as steamship companies.\n\t\t“Single state insurance receipt<\/span>” means any receipt issued pursuant to 49 C.F.R. Part 367 evidencing that the carrier has the required insurance and paid the requisite fees to the Commonwealth and other qualified jurisdictions<\/span>.\n\t\t“Special or charter party carrier by boat<\/span>” means a restricted common carrier<\/span> which transports groups of persons<\/span> under a single contract made with one person<\/span> for an agreed charge for such movement regardless of the number of persons<\/span> transported. Special or charter party carriers by boat shall not be regarded as steamship companies.\n\t\t“Taxicab or other motor vehicle performing a taxicab service<\/span>” means any motor vehicle having a seating capacity of not more than six passengers, excluding the driver<\/span>, not operating on a regular route or between fixed terminals used in the transportation of passengers for hire or for compensation, and not a common carrier, restricted common carrier<\/span>, transportation network company<\/span>, TNC partner, or nonemergency medical transportation carrier<\/span> as defined in this chapter.\n\t\t“TNC broker” means any person<\/span> who (i) is not a transportation network company<\/span> or TNC partner and (ii) is not a bona fide employee or agent<\/span> of a transportation network company<\/span> or TNC partner, and who contracts<\/span> or enters into an agreement or arrangement, with a transportation network company<\/span> and who, in accordance with such contract, agreement or arrangement, arranges any transportation subject to Article 15 (\u00a7 46.2-2099.45<\/a> et seq.) or negotiates for or holds himself out by solicitation, advertisement, or otherwise as one who arranges for such transportation but does not control the manner in which such transportation is provided.\n\t\t“TNC broker insurance<\/span>” means a motor vehicle liability insurance policy that specifically covers liabilities arising while the TNC partner is en route to a passenger pursuant to arrangements made by a TNC broker.\n\t\t“TNC insurance<\/span>” means a motor vehicle liability insurance policy that specifically covers liabilities arising from a TNC partner’s operation of a TNC partner vehicle<\/span><\/span>.\n\t\t“TNC partner” means a person<\/span> authorized by a transportation network company<\/span> to use a TNC partner vehicle<\/span> to provide prearranged rides<\/span> on an intrastate<\/span> basis in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“TNC partner vehicle<\/span>” means a personal vehicle<\/span> authorized by a transportation network company<\/span> and used by a TNC partner to provide prearranged rides<\/span> on an intrastate<\/span> basis in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Trade dress<\/span>” means a logo, insignia, or emblem attached to or visible from the exterior of a TNC partner vehicle<\/span> that identifies a transportation network company<\/span> or digital platform<\/span> with which the TNC partner vehicle<\/span> is affiliated.\n\t\t“Transportation network company<\/span>” means a person<\/span> who provides prearranged rides<\/span> using a digital platform<\/span> that connects passengers with TNC partners<\/span>.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFINITIONS (\u00a7 46.2-2000)\n\nWhenever used in this chapter unless expressly stated otherwise:\n\t\t“Authorized insurer” means, in the case of an interstate motor\ncarrier whose operations may or may not include intrastate activity, an insurer\nauthorized to transact business in any one state, or, in the case of a solely\nintrastate motor carrier, an insurer authorized to transact business in the\nCommonwealth.\n\t\t“Broker” means any person not included in the term “motor\ncarrier” and not a bona fide employee or agent of any such carrier, who,\nas principal or agent, sells or offers for sale any transportation subject to\nthis chapter except for transportation pursuant to Article 15 (\u00a7 46.2-2099.45\net seq.), or negotiates for, or holds himself out by solicitation,\nadvertisement, or otherwise as one who sells, provides, furnishes, contracts, or\narranges for such transportation.\n\t\t“Carrier by motor launch” means a common carrier, which carrier\nuses one or more motor launches operating on the waters within the Commonwealth\nto transport passengers.\n\t\t“Certificate” means a certificate of public convenience and\nnecessity or a certificate of fitness.\n\t\t“Certificate of fitness” means a certificate issued by the\nDepartment to a contract passenger carrier, a sight-seeing carrier, a\ntransportation network company, or a nonemergency medical transportation\ncarrier.\n\t\t“Certificate of public convenience and necessity” means a\ncertificate issued by the Department of Motor Vehicles to certain common\ncarriers, but nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to mean that\nthe Department can issue any such certificate authorizing intracity\ntransportation.\n\t\t“Common carrier” means any person who undertakes, whether directly\nor by a lease or any other arrangement, to transport passengers for the general\npublic by motor vehicle for compensation over the highways of the Commonwealth,\nwhether over regular or irregular routes, including such motor vehicle\noperations of carriers by rail or water under this chapter. “Common\ncarrier” does not include nonemergency medical transportation carriers,\ntransportation network companies, or TNC partners as defined in this section.\n\t\t“Contract passenger carrier” means a motor carrier that transports\ngroups of passengers under a single contract made with one person for an agreed\ncharge for such transportation, regardless of the number of passengers\ntransported, and for which transportation no individual or separate fares are\nsolicited, charged, collected, or received by the carrier. “Contract\npassenger carrier” does not include a transportation network company or\nTNC partner as defined in this section.\n\t\t“Department” means the Department of Motor Vehicles.\n\t\t“Digital platform” means any online-enabled application, software,\nwebsite, or system offered or utilized by a transportation network company that\nenables the prearrangement of rides with TNC partners.\n\t\t“Employee hauler” means a motor carrier operating for compensation\nand exclusively transporting only bona fide employees directly to and from the\nfactories, plants, office or other places of like nature where the employees are\nemployed and accustomed to work.\n\t\t“Excursion train” means any steam-powered train that carries\npassengers for which the primary purpose of the operation of such train is the\npassengers’ experience and enjoyment of this means of transportation, and\ndoes not, in the course of operation, carry (i) freight other than the personal\nluggage of the passengers or crew or supplies and equipment necessary to serve\nthe needs of the passengers and crew, (ii) passengers who are commuting to work,\nor (iii) passengers who are traveling to their final destination solely for\nbusiness or commercial purposes.\n\t\t“Financial responsibility” means the ability to respond in damages\nfor liability thereafter incurred arising out of the ownership, maintenance,\nuse, or operation of a motor vehicle, in the amounts provided for in this\nchapter.\n\t\t“Highway” means every public highway or place of whatever nature\nopen to the use of the public for purposes of vehicular travel in the\nCommonwealth, including the streets and alleys in towns and cities.\n\t\t“Identification marker” means a decal or other visible\nidentification issued by the Department to show one or more of the following:\n(i) that the operator of the vehicle has registered with the Department for the\npayment of the road tax imposed under Chapter 27 (\u00a7 58.1-2700 et seq.) of Title\n58.1; (ii) proof of the possession of a certificate or permit issued pursuant to\nthis chapter; or (iii) proof of compliance with the insurance requirements of\nthis chapter.\n\t\t“Interstate” means transportation of passengers between states.\n\t\t“Intrastate” means transportation of passengers solely within a\nstate.\n\t\t“License” means a license issued by the Department to a broker or\na TNC broker.\n\t\t“Minibus” means any motor vehicle having a seating capacity of not\nless than seven nor more than 31 passengers, including the driver, and used in\nthe transportation of passengers.\n\t\t“Motor carrier” means any person who undertakes, whether directly\nor by lease, to transport passengers for compensation over the highways of the\nCommonwealth.\n\t\t“Motor launch” means a motor vessel that meets the requirements of\nthe U.S. Coast Guard for the carriage of passengers for compensation, with a\ncapacity of six or more passengers, but not in excess of 50 passengers.\n“Motor launch” does not include sight-seeing vessels, special or\ncharter party vessels within the provisions of this chapter. A carrier by motor\nlaunch shall not be regarded as a steamship company.\n\t\t“Nonemergency medical transportation carrier” means a motor\ncarrier that exclusively provides nonemergency medical transportation and\nprovides such transportation only (i) through the Department of Medical\nAssistance Services; (ii) through a broker operating under a contract with the\nDepartment of Medical Assistance Services; or (iii) as a Medicaid Managed Care\nOrganization or through a contractor of a Medicaid Managed Care Organization\ncontracted with the Department of Medical Assistance Services to provide such\ntransportation.\n\t\t“Nonprofit\/tax-exempt passenger carrier” means a bona fide\nnonprofit corporation organized or existing under Chapter 10 (\u00a7 13.1-801 et\nseq.) of Title 13.1, or a tax-exempt organization as defined in \u00a7\u00a7 501(c)(3)\nand 501(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, who undertakes, whether\ndirectly or by lease, to control and operate minibuses exclusively in the\ntransportation, for compensation, of members of such organization if it is a\nmembership corporation, or of elderly, disabled, or economically disadvantaged\nmembers of the community if it is not a membership corporation.\n\t\t“Operation” or “operations” includes the operation of\nall motor vehicles, whether loaded or empty, whether for compensation or not,\nand whether owned by or leased to the motor carrier who operates them or causes\nthem to be operated.\n\t\t“Operation of a TNC partner vehicle” means (i) any time a TNC\npartner is logged into a digital platform and is available to pick up\npassengers; (ii) any time a passenger is in the TNC partner vehicle; and (iii)\nany time the TNC partner has accepted a prearranged ride request through the\ndigital platform and is en route to a passenger.\n\t\t“Operator” means the employer or person actually driving a motor\nvehicle or combination of vehicles.\n\t\t“Permit” means a permit issued by the Department to carriers\noperating as employee haulers or nonprofit\/tax-exempt passenger carriers or to\noperators of taxicabs or other vehicles performing taxicab service under this\nchapter.\n\t\t“Person” means any individual, firm, copartnership, corporation,\ncompany, association, or joint-stock association, and includes any trustee,\nreceiver, assignee, or personal representative thereof.\n\t\t“Personal vehicle” means a motor vehicle that is not used to\ntransport passengers for compensation except as a TNC partner vehicle.\n\t\t“Prearranged ride” means passenger transportation for compensation\nin a TNC partner vehicle arranged through a digital platform. “Prearranged\nride” includes the period of time that begins when a TNC partner accepts a\nride requested through a digital platform, continues while the TNC partner\ntransports a passenger in a TNC partner vehicle, and ends when the passenger\nexits the TNC partner vehicle.\n\t\t“Restricted common carrier” means any person who undertakes,\nwhether directly or by a lease or other arrangement, to transport passengers for\ncompensation, whereby such transportation service has been restricted.\n“Restricted common carrier” does not include a transportation\nnetwork company or TNC partner as defined in this section.\n\t\t“Route,” when used in connection with or with respect to a\ncertificate of public convenience and necessity, means the road or highway, or\nsegment thereof, operated over by the holder of a certificate of public\nconvenience and necessity or proposed to be operated over by an applicant\ntherefor, whether such road or highway is designated by one or more highway\nnumbers.\n\t\t“Services” and “transportation” include the service\nof, and all transportation by, all vehicles operated by, for, or in the interest\nof any motor carrier irrespective of ownership or contract, expressed or\nimplied, together with all facilities and property operated or controlled by any\nsuch carrier or carriers and used in the transportation of passengers or the\nperformance of any service in connection therewith.\n\t\t“Sight-seeing carrier” means a restricted common carrier\nauthorized to transport passengers under the provisions of this chapter, whereby\nthe primary purpose of the operation is the passengers’ experience and\nenjoyment or the promotion of tourism.\n\t\t“Sight-seeing carrier by boat” means a restricted common carrier,\nwhich restricted common carrier uses a boat or boats operating on waters within\nthe Commonwealth to transport passengers, and whereby the primary purpose of the\noperation is the passengers’ experience and enjoyment or the promotion of\ntourism. Sight-seeing carriers by boat shall not be regarded as steamship\ncompanies.\n\t\t“Single state insurance receipt” means any receipt issued pursuant\nto 49 C.F.R. Part 367 evidencing that the carrier has the required insurance and\npaid the requisite fees to the Commonwealth and other qualified jurisdictions.\n\t\t“Special or charter party carrier by boat” means a restricted\ncommon carrier which transports groups of persons under a single contract made\nwith one person for an agreed charge for such movement regardless of the number\nof persons transported. Special or charter party carriers by boat shall not be\nregarded as steamship companies.\n\t\t“Taxicab or other motor vehicle performing a taxicab service”\nmeans any motor vehicle having a seating capacity of not more than six\npassengers, excluding the driver, not operating on a regular route or between\nfixed terminals used in the transportation of passengers for hire or for\ncompensation, and not a common carrier, restricted common carrier,\ntransportation network company, TNC partner, or nonemergency medical\ntransportation carrier as defined in this chapter.\n\t\t“TNC broker” means any person who (i) is not a transportation\nnetwork company or TNC partner and (ii) is not a bona fide employee or agent of\na transportation network company or TNC partner, and who contracts or enters\ninto an agreement or arrangement, with a transportation network company and who,\nin accordance with such contract, agreement or arrangement, arranges any\ntransportation subject to Article 15 (\u00a7 46.2-2099.45 et seq.) or negotiates for\nor holds himself out by solicitation, advertisement, or otherwise as one who\narranges for such transportation but does not control the manner in which such\ntransportation is provided.\n\t\t“TNC broker insurance” means a motor vehicle liability insurance\npolicy that specifically covers liabilities arising while the TNC partner is en\nroute to a passenger pursuant to arrangements made by a TNC broker.\n\t\t“TNC insurance” means a motor vehicle liability insurance policy\nthat specifically covers liabilities arising from a TNC partner’s\noperation of a TNC partner vehicle.\n\t\t“TNC partner” means a person authorized by a transportation\nnetwork company to use a TNC partner vehicle to provide prearranged rides on an\nintrastate basis in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“TNC partner vehicle” means a personal vehicle authorized by a\ntransportation network company and used by a TNC partner to provide prearranged\nrides on an intrastate basis in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Trade dress” means a logo, insignia, or emblem attached to or\nvisible from the exterior of a TNC partner vehicle that identifies a\ntransportation network company or digital platform with which the TNC partner\nvehicle is affiliated.\n\t\t“Transportation network company” means a person who provides\nprearranged rides using a digital platform that connects passengers with TNC\npartners.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 56-273; 1950, p. 368; 1966, c. 543; 1973, cc. 306, 460;\n1982, c. 257; 1989, c. 625; 1995, cc. 744, 803; 2001, c. 596; 2002, c. 861;\n2004, c. 780; 2011, cc. 881, 889; 2012, cc. 22, 111; 2015, cc. 2, 3; 2017, cc.\n554, 635, 694, 708.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}