{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/46.2-2099.52.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/46.2-2099.52.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/46.2-2099.52.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/46.2-2099.52.html"}],"law_id":82019,"edition_id":1,"section_id":82019,"structure_id":13454,"section_number":"46.2-2099.52","catch_line":"TNC insurance","history":"2015, cc. 2, 3; 2023, cc. 321, 322.","full_text":"A\n\nAt all times during the operation of a TNC partner vehicle, a transportation network company or TNC partner shall keep in force TNC insurance as provided in this section.B\n\nThe following requirements shall apply to TNC insurance from the moment a TNC partner accepts a prearranged ride request on a transportation network company’s digital platform until the TNC partner completes the transaction on the digital platform or until the prearranged ride is complete, whichever is later:1\n\nTNC insurance shall provide motor vehicle liability coverage. Such coverage shall be primary and the minimum amount of liability coverage for death, bodily injury, and property damage shall be $1 million.2\n\nTNC insurance shall provide uninsured motorist coverage and underinsured motorist coverage as required by § 38.2-2206. With regard to such underinsured motorist coverage that applies solely from the moment a passenger enters a TNC partner vehicle until the passenger exits the vehicle, it shall be paid without any credit for the bodily injury and property damage coverage available for payment, and neither the TNC nor the TNC partner shall elect to refuse the change in underinsured motorist coverage pursuant to subsection C of § 38.2-2202.3\n\nThe requirements of this subsection may be satisfied by any of the following:\n\t\t\t\ta. TNC insurance maintained by a TNC partner;\n\t\t\t\tb. TNC insurance maintained by a transportation network company; or\n\t\t\t\tc. Any combination of subdivisions a and b.\n\t\t\t\tA transportation network company may meet its obligations under this subsection through a policy obtained by a TNC partner under subdivision a or c only if the transportation network company verifies that the policy is maintained by the TNC partner.4\n\nInsurers providing insurance coverage under this subsection shall have the exclusive duty to defend any liability claim, including any claim against a TNC partner, arising from an accident occurring within the time periods specified in this subsection. Neither the TNC partner’s nor the vehicle owner’s personal automobile insurance policy shall have the duty to defend or indemnify the TNC partner’s activities in connection with the transportation network company, unless the policy expressly provides otherwise for the period of time to which this subsection is applicable or the policy contains an amendment or endorsement to provide that coverage.5\n\nCoverage under a TNC insurance policy shall not be dependent on a personal automobile insurance policy first denying a claim, nor shall a personal automobile insurance policy be required to first deny a claim.6\n\nNothing in this subsection shall be construed to require a personal automobile insurance policy to provide primary or excess coverage. Neither the TNC partner’s nor the vehicle owner’s personal automobile insurance policy shall provide any coverage to the TNC partner, the vehicle owner, or any third party, unless the policy expressly provides for that coverage during the period of time to which this subsection is applicable or the policy contains an amendment or endorsement to provide that coverage.C\n\nThe following requirements shall apply to TNC insurance (i) from the moment a TNC partner logs on to a transportation network company’s associated digital platform until the TNC partner accepts a request to transport a passenger and (ii) from the moment the TNC partner completes the transaction on the digital platform or the prearranged ride is complete, whichever is later, until the TNC partner either accepts another prearranged ride request on the digital platform or logs off the digital platform:1\n\nTNC insurance shall provide motor vehicle liability coverage. Such coverage shall be primary and shall provide liability coverage of at least $50,000 per person and $100,000 per incident for death and bodily injury and at least $25,000 for property damage. TNC insurance shall provide uninsured motorist coverage and underinsured motorist coverage as required by § 38.2-2206.2\n\nThe requirements for the coverage required by this subsection may be satisfied by any of the following:\n\t\t\t\ta. TNC insurance maintained by a TNC partner;\n\t\t\t\tb. TNC insurance maintained by a transportation network company that provides coverage in the event that a TNC partner’s insurance policy under subdivision a has ceased to exist or has been canceled or in the event that the TNC partner does not otherwise maintain TNC insurance; or\n\t\t\t\tc. Any combination of subdivisions a and b.\n\t\t\t\tA transportation network company may meet its obligations under this subsection through a policy obtained by a TNC partner pursuant to subdivision a or c only if the transportation network company verifies that the policy is maintained by the TNC partner and is specifically written to cover the TNC partner’s use of a vehicle in connection with a transportation network company’s digital platform.D\n\nIn the event that the digital platform becomes inaccessible due to failure or malfunction while a TNC partner is en route to or transporting a passenger during a prearranged ride described in subsection B, TNC insurance coverage shall be presumed to be that required in subdivision B 1 until the passenger exits the vehicle.E\n\nIn every instance where TNC insurance maintained by a TNC partner to fulfill the insurance obligations of this section has lapsed or ceased to exist, the transportation network company shall provide the coverage required by this section beginning with the first dollar of a claim.F\n\nThis section shall not limit the liability of a transportation network company arising out of an accident involving a TNC partner in any action for damages against a transportation network company for an amount above the required insurance coverage.G\n\nAny person, or an attorney acting on his behalf, who suffers a loss in an automobile accident with a reasonable belief that the accident involves a TNC partner vehicle driven by a TNC partner in connection with a transportation network company and who provides the transportation network company with the date, approximate time, and location of the accident, and if available the name of the TNC partner and if available the accident report, may request in writing from the transportation network company information relating to the insurance coverage and the company providing the coverage. The transportation network company shall respond electronically or in writing within 30 days. The transportation network company’s response shall contain the following information: (i) whether, at the approximate time of the accident, the TNC partner was logged into the transportation network company’s digital platform and, if so logged in, whether a trip request had been accepted or a passenger was in the TNC partner vehicle; (ii) the name of the insurance carrier providing primary coverage; and (iii) the identity and last known address of the TNC partner.H\n\nNo contract, receipt, rule, or regulation shall exempt any transportation network company from the liability that would exist had no contract been made or entered into, and no such contract, receipt, rule, or regulation for exemption from liability for injury or loss occasioned by the neglect or misconduct of such transportation network company shall be valid. The liability referred to in this subsection shall mean the liability imposed by law upon a transportation network company for any loss, damage, or injury to passengers in its custody and care as a transportation network company.I\n\nAny insurance required by this section may be placed with an insurer that has been admitted in Virginia or with an insurer providing surplus lines insurance as defined in § 38.2-4805.2.J\n\nAny insurance policy required by this section shall satisfy the financial responsibility requirement for a motor vehicle under § 46.2-706 during the period such vehicle is being operated as a TNC partner vehicle.K\n\nThe Department shall not issue the certificate of fitness required under § 46.2-2099.45 to any transportation network company that has not certified to the Department that every TNC partner vehicle it has authorized to operate on its digital platform is covered by an insurance policy that meets the requirements of this section.L\n\nEach transportation network company shall keep on file with the Department proof of an insurance policy maintained by the transportation network company in accordance with this section. Such proof shall be in a form acceptable to the Commissioner. A record of the policy shall remain in the files of the Department six months after the certificate is revoked or suspended for any cause.M\n\nThe Department may suspend a certificate if the certificate holder fails to comply with the requirements of this section. Any person whose certificate has been suspended pursuant to this subsection may request a hearing as provided in subsection D of § 46.2-2011.26.N\n\nIn a claims coverage investigation, a transportation network company and its insurer shall cooperate with insurers involved in the claims coverage investigation to facilitate the exchange of information, including the dates and times of any accident involving a TNC partner and the precise times that the TNC partner logged in and was logged out of the transportation network company’s digital platform.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":293895,"text":"At all times during the operation of a TNC partner vehicle, a transportation network company or TNC partner shall keep in force TNC insurance as provided in this section.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":293896,"text":"The following requirements shall apply to TNC insurance from the moment a TNC partner accepts a prearranged ride request on a transportation network company’s digital platform until the TNC partner completes the transaction on the digital platform or until the prearranged ride is complete, whichever is later:","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"B1"},"2":{"id":293897,"text":"TNC insurance shall provide motor vehicle liability coverage. Such coverage shall be primary and the minimum amount of liability coverage for death, bodily injury, and property damage shall be $1 million.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"B1","prefix_anchor":"B1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"B2"},"3":{"id":293898,"text":"TNC insurance shall provide uninsured motorist coverage and underinsured motorist coverage as required by § 38.2-2206. With regard to such underinsured motorist coverage that applies solely from the moment a passenger enters a TNC partner vehicle until the passenger exits the vehicle, it shall be paid without any credit for the bodily injury and property damage coverage available for payment, and neither the TNC nor the TNC partner shall elect to refuse the change in underinsured motorist coverage pursuant to subsection C of § 38.2-2202.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"B2","prefix_anchor":"B2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B1","next_prefix":"B3"},"4":{"id":293899,"text":"The requirements of this subsection may be satisfied by any of the following:\n\t\t\t\ta. TNC insurance maintained by a TNC partner;\n\t\t\t\tb. TNC insurance maintained by a transportation network company; or\n\t\t\t\tc. Any combination of subdivisions a and b.\n\t\t\t\tA transportation network company may meet its obligations under this subsection through a policy obtained by a TNC partner under subdivision a or c only if the transportation network company verifies that the policy is maintained by the TNC partner.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"B3","prefix_anchor":"B3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B2","next_prefix":"B4"},"5":{"id":293900,"text":"Insurers providing insurance coverage under this subsection shall have the exclusive duty to defend any liability claim, including any claim against a TNC partner, arising from an accident occurring within the time periods specified in this subsection. Neither the TNC partner’s nor the vehicle owner’s personal automobile insurance policy shall have the duty to defend or indemnify the TNC partner’s activities in connection with the transportation network company, unless the policy expressly provides otherwise for the period of time to which this subsection is applicable or the policy contains an amendment or endorsement to provide that coverage.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"B4","prefix_anchor":"B4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B3","next_prefix":"B5"},"6":{"id":293901,"text":"Coverage under a TNC insurance policy shall not be dependent on a personal automobile insurance policy first denying a claim, nor shall a personal automobile insurance policy be required to first deny a claim.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"B5","prefix_anchor":"B5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B4","next_prefix":"B6"},"7":{"id":293902,"text":"Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to require a personal automobile insurance policy to provide primary or excess coverage. Neither the TNC partner’s nor the vehicle owner’s personal automobile insurance policy shall provide any coverage to the TNC partner, the vehicle owner, or any third party, unless the policy expressly provides for that coverage during the period of time to which this subsection is applicable or the policy contains an amendment or endorsement to provide that coverage.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"B6","prefix_anchor":"B6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B5","next_prefix":"C"},"8":{"id":293903,"text":"The following requirements shall apply to TNC insurance (i) from the moment a TNC partner logs on to a transportation network company’s associated digital platform until the TNC partner accepts a request to transport a passenger and (ii) from the moment the TNC partner completes the transaction on the digital platform or the prearranged ride is complete, whichever is later, until the TNC partner either accepts another prearranged ride request on the digital platform or logs off the digital platform:","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B6","next_prefix":"C1"},"9":{"id":293904,"text":"TNC insurance shall provide motor vehicle liability coverage. Such coverage shall be primary and shall provide liability coverage of at least $50,000 per person and $100,000 per incident for death and bodily injury and at least $25,000 for property damage. TNC insurance shall provide uninsured motorist coverage and underinsured motorist coverage as required by § 38.2-2206.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"C1","prefix_anchor":"C1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"C2"},"10":{"id":293905,"text":"The requirements for the coverage required by this subsection may be satisfied by any of the following:\n\t\t\t\ta. TNC insurance maintained by a TNC partner;\n\t\t\t\tb. TNC insurance maintained by a transportation network company that provides coverage in the event that a TNC partner’s insurance policy under subdivision a has ceased to exist or has been canceled or in the event that the TNC partner does not otherwise maintain TNC insurance; or\n\t\t\t\tc. Any combination of subdivisions a and b.\n\t\t\t\tA transportation network company may meet its obligations under this subsection through a policy obtained by a TNC partner pursuant to subdivision a or c only if the transportation network company verifies that the policy is maintained by the TNC partner and is specifically written to cover the TNC partner’s use of a vehicle in connection with a transportation network company’s digital platform.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"C2","prefix_anchor":"C2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C1","next_prefix":"D"},"11":{"id":293906,"text":"In the event that the digital platform becomes inaccessible due to failure or malfunction while a TNC partner is en route to or transporting a passenger during a prearranged ride described in subsection B, TNC insurance coverage shall be presumed to be that required in subdivision B 1 until the passenger exits the vehicle.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C2","next_prefix":"E"},"12":{"id":293907,"text":"In every instance where TNC insurance maintained by a TNC partner to fulfill the insurance obligations of this section has lapsed or ceased to exist, the transportation network company shall provide the coverage required by this section beginning with the first dollar of a claim.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"F"},"13":{"id":293908,"text":"This section shall not limit the liability of a transportation network company arising out of an accident involving a TNC partner in any action for damages against a transportation network company for an amount above the required insurance coverage.","type":"section","prefixes":["F"],"prefix":"F","entire_prefix":"F","prefix_anchor":"F","level":1,"prior_prefix":"E","next_prefix":"G"},"14":{"id":293909,"text":"Any person, or an attorney acting on his behalf, who suffers a loss in an automobile accident with a reasonable belief that the accident involves a TNC partner vehicle driven by a TNC partner in connection with a transportation network company and who provides the transportation network company with the date, approximate time, and location of the accident, and if available the name of the TNC partner and if available the accident report, may request in writing from the transportation network company information relating to the insurance coverage and the company providing the coverage. The transportation network company shall respond electronically or in writing within 30 days. The transportation network company’s response shall contain the following information: (i) whether, at the approximate time of the accident, the TNC partner was logged into the transportation network company’s digital platform and, if so logged in, whether a trip request had been accepted or a passenger was in the TNC partner vehicle; (ii) the name of the insurance carrier providing primary coverage; and (iii) the identity and last known address of the TNC partner.","type":"section","prefixes":["G"],"prefix":"G","entire_prefix":"G","prefix_anchor":"G","level":1,"prior_prefix":"F","next_prefix":"H"},"15":{"id":293910,"text":"No contract, receipt, rule, or regulation shall exempt any transportation network company from the liability that would exist had no contract been made or entered into, and no such contract, receipt, rule, or regulation for exemption from liability for injury or loss occasioned by the neglect or misconduct of such transportation network company shall be valid. The liability referred to in this subsection shall mean the liability imposed by law upon a transportation network company for any loss, damage, or injury to passengers in its custody and care as a transportation network company.","type":"section","prefixes":["H"],"prefix":"H","entire_prefix":"H","prefix_anchor":"H","level":1,"prior_prefix":"G","next_prefix":"I"},"16":{"id":293911,"text":"Any insurance required by this section may be placed with an insurer that has been admitted in Virginia or with an insurer providing surplus lines insurance as defined in § 38.2-4805.2.","type":"section","prefixes":["I"],"prefix":"I","entire_prefix":"I","prefix_anchor":"I","level":1,"prior_prefix":"H","next_prefix":"J"},"17":{"id":293912,"text":"Any insurance policy required by this section shall satisfy the financial responsibility requirement for a motor vehicle under § 46.2-706 during the period such vehicle is being operated as a TNC partner vehicle.","type":"section","prefixes":["J"],"prefix":"J","entire_prefix":"J","prefix_anchor":"J","level":1,"prior_prefix":"I","next_prefix":"K"},"18":{"id":293913,"text":"The Department shall not issue the certificate of fitness required under § 46.2-2099.45 to any transportation network company that has not certified to the Department that every TNC partner vehicle it has authorized to operate on its digital platform is covered by an insurance policy that meets the requirements of this section.","type":"section","prefixes":["K"],"prefix":"K","entire_prefix":"K","prefix_anchor":"K","level":1,"prior_prefix":"J","next_prefix":"L"},"19":{"id":293914,"text":"Each transportation network company shall keep on file with the Department proof of an insurance policy maintained by the transportation network company in accordance with this section. Such proof shall be in a form acceptable to the Commissioner. A record of the policy shall remain in the files of the Department six months after the certificate is revoked or suspended for any cause.","type":"section","prefixes":["L"],"prefix":"L","entire_prefix":"L","prefix_anchor":"L","level":1,"prior_prefix":"K","next_prefix":"M"},"20":{"id":293915,"text":"The Department may suspend a certificate if the certificate holder fails to comply with the requirements of this section. Any person whose certificate has been suspended pursuant to this subsection may request a hearing as provided in subsection D of § 46.2-2011.26.","type":"section","prefixes":["M"],"prefix":"M","entire_prefix":"M","prefix_anchor":"M","level":1,"prior_prefix":"L","next_prefix":"N"},"21":{"id":293916,"text":"In a claims coverage investigation, a transportation network company and its insurer shall cooperate with insurers involved in the claims coverage investigation to facilitate the exchange of information, including the dates and times of any accident involving a TNC partner and the precise times that the TNC partner logged in and was logged out of the transportation network company’s digital platform.","type":"section","prefixes":["N"],"prefix":"N","entire_prefix":"N","prefix_anchor":"N","level":1,"prior_prefix":"M"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13454,"edition_id":1,"name":"Transportation Network Companies","identifier":"15","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13319,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:55","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:55","permalink":{"id":232229,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13454,"identifier":"15","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/15","url":"\/46.2\/V\/20\/15\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13319,"edition_id":1,"name":"Regulation of Passenger Carriers","identifier":"20","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13318,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:38","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:38","permalink":{"id":231967,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13319,"identifier":"20","token":"46.2\/V\/20","url":"\/46.2\/V\/20\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13318,"edition_id":1,"name":"Motor Carriers","identifier":"V","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12770,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:38","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:38","permalink":{"id":231965,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13318,"identifier":"V","token":"46.2\/V","url":"\/46.2\/V\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12770,"edition_id":1,"name":"Motor Vehicles","identifier":"46.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":225289,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12770,"identifier":"46.2","token":"46.2","url":"\/46.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":63893,"structure_id":13454,"section_number":"46.2-2099.45","catch_line":"Certificates required unless exempted","url":"\/46.2-2099.45\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/15\/46.2-2099.45","metadata":false},{"id":69586,"structure_id":13454,"section_number":"46.2-2099.46","catch_line":"Control, supervision, and regulation by Department","url":"\/46.2-2099.46\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/15\/46.2-2099.46","metadata":false},{"id":54414,"structure_id":13454,"section_number":"46.2-2099.47","catch_line":"Operation except in accordance with chapter prohibited","url":"\/46.2-2099.47\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/15\/46.2-2099.47","metadata":false},{"id":54483,"structure_id":13454,"section_number":"46.2-2099.48","catch_line":"General operational requirements for transportation network companies and TNC partner","url":"\/46.2-2099.48\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/15\/46.2-2099.48","metadata":false},{"id":63452,"structure_id":13454,"section_number":"46.2-2099.49","catch_line":"Requirements for TNC partners; mandatory background screening; drug and alcohol policy; mandatory disclosures to TNC partners; duty of TNC partners to provide updated information to transportation network companies","url":"\/46.2-2099.49\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/15\/46.2-2099.49","metadata":false},{"id":86359,"structure_id":13454,"section_number":"46.2-2099.50","catch_line":"Requirements for TNC partner vehicles; trade dress issued by transportation network company","url":"\/46.2-2099.50\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/15\/46.2-2099.50","metadata":false},{"id":71688,"structure_id":13454,"section_number":"46.2-2099.51","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-2099.51\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/15\/46.2-2099.51","metadata":false},{"id":82019,"structure_id":13454,"section_number":"46.2-2099.52","catch_line":"TNC insurance","url":"\/46.2-2099.52\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/15\/46.2-2099.52","metadata":false},{"id":68475,"structure_id":13454,"section_number":"46.2-2099.53","catch_line":"Recordkeeping and reporting requirements for transportation network companies","url":"\/46.2-2099.53\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/15\/46.2-2099.53","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":71688,"structure_id":13454,"section_number":"46.2-2099.51","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-2099.51\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/15\/46.2-2099.51","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":68475,"structure_id":13454,"section_number":"46.2-2099.53","catch_line":"Recordkeeping and reporting requirements for transportation network companies","url":"\/46.2-2099.53\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/15\/46.2-2099.53","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/46.2-2099.52\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2015. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 2<\/a> and 3<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2023, chapters 321<\/a> and 322<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":86359,"section_number":"46.2-2099.50","catch_line":"Requirements for TNC partner vehicles; trade dress issued by transportation network company","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-2099.50\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":76965,"section_number":"38.2-2206","catch_line":"Uninsured motorist insurance coverage","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-2206\/"},{"id":63893,"section_number":"46.2-2099.45","catch_line":"Certificates required unless exempted","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-2099.45\/"},{"id":81183,"section_number":"46.2-706","catch_line":"Proof of insurance required of applicants for registration of motor vehicles; verification of insurance; suspension of driver's license, registration certificates, and license plates for certain violations","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-706\/"}],"permalink":{"id":232259,"object_type":"law","relational_id":82019,"identifier":"46.2-2099.52","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/15\/46.2-2099.52","url":"\/46.2-2099.52\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/46.2-2099.52\/","token":"46.2\/V\/20\/15\/46.2-2099.52","dublin_core":{"Title":"TNC insurance","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 46.2-2099.52","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> At all times during the operation of a TNC partner vehicle<\/span><\/span>, a transportation network company<\/span> or TNC partner shall keep in force TNC insurance<\/span> as provided in this section. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> The following requirements shall apply to TNC insurance<\/span> from the moment a TNC partner accepts a prearranged ride<\/span> request on a transportation network company<\/span>’s digital platform<\/span> until the TNC partner completes the transaction on the digital platform<\/span> or until the prearranged ride<\/span> is complete, whichever is later: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> TNC insurance<\/span> shall provide motor vehicle<\/span> liability coverage. Such coverage shall be primary and the minimum amount of liability coverage for death, bodily injury, and property damage shall be $1 million. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> TNC insurance<\/span> shall provide uninsured motorist coverage and underinsured motorist coverage as required by § 38.2-2206<\/a>. With regard to such underinsured motorist coverage that applies solely from the moment a passenger enters a TNC partner vehicle<\/span> until the passenger exits the vehicle, it shall be paid without any credit for the bodily injury and property damage coverage available for payment, and neither the TNC nor the TNC partner shall elect to refuse the change in underinsured motorist coverage pursuant to subsection C of § 38.2-2202<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> The requirements of this subsection may be satisfied by any of the following:\n\t\t\t\ta. TNC insurance<\/span> maintained by a TNC partner;\n\t\t\t\tb. TNC insurance<\/span> maintained by a transportation network company<\/span>; or\n\t\t\t\tc. Any combination of subdivisions a and b.\n\t\t\t\tA transportation network company<\/span> may meet its obligations under this subsection through a policy obtained by a TNC partner under subdivision a or c only if the transportation network company<\/span> verifies that the policy is maintained by the TNC partner. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Insurers providing insurance coverage under this subsection shall have the exclusive duty to defend any liability claim, including any claim against a TNC partner, arising from an accident occurring within the time periods specified in this subsection. Neither the TNC partner’s nor the vehicle owner<\/span>’s personal automobile insurance policy shall have the duty to defend or indemnify the TNC partner’s activities in connection with the transportation network company<\/span>, unless the policy expressly provides otherwise for the period of time to which this subsection is applicable or the policy contains an amendment or endorsement to provide that coverage. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Coverage under a TNC insurance<\/span> policy shall not be dependent on a personal automobile insurance policy first denying a claim, nor shall a personal automobile insurance policy be required to first deny a claim. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to require a personal automobile insurance policy to provide primary or excess coverage. Neither the TNC partner’s nor the vehicle owner<\/span>’s personal automobile insurance policy shall provide any coverage to the TNC partner, the vehicle owner<\/span>, or any third party<\/span>, unless the policy expressly provides for that coverage during the period of time to which this subsection is applicable or the policy contains an amendment or endorsement to provide that coverage. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> The following requirements shall apply to TNC insurance<\/span> (i) from the moment a TNC partner logs on to a transportation network company<\/span>’s associated digital platform<\/span> until the TNC partner accepts a request to transport a passenger and (ii) from the moment the TNC partner completes the transaction on the digital platform<\/span> or the prearranged ride<\/span> is complete, whichever is later, until the TNC partner either accepts another prearranged ride<\/span> request on the digital platform<\/span> or logs off the digital platform<\/span>: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> TNC insurance<\/span> shall provide motor vehicle<\/span> liability coverage. Such coverage shall be primary and shall provide liability coverage of at least $50,000 per person<\/span> and $100,000 per incident for death and bodily injury and at least $25,000 for property damage. TNC insurance<\/span> shall provide uninsured motorist coverage and underinsured motorist coverage as required by § 38.2-2206<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> The requirements for the coverage required by this subsection may be satisfied by any of the following:\n\t\t\t\ta. TNC insurance<\/span> maintained by a TNC partner;\n\t\t\t\tb. TNC insurance<\/span> maintained by a transportation network company<\/span> that provides coverage in the event that a TNC partner’s insurance policy under subdivision a has ceased to exist or has been canceled or in the event that the TNC partner does not otherwise maintain TNC insurance<\/span>; or\n\t\t\t\tc. Any combination of subdivisions a and b.\n\t\t\t\tA transportation network company<\/span> may meet its obligations under this subsection through a policy obtained by a TNC partner pursuant to subdivision a or c only if the transportation network company<\/span> verifies that the policy is maintained by the TNC partner and is specifically written to cover the TNC partner’s use of a vehicle in connection with a transportation network company<\/span>’s digital platform<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> In the event that the digital platform<\/span> becomes inaccessible due to failure or malfunction while a TNC partner is en route to or transporting a passenger during a prearranged ride<\/span> described in subsection B, TNC insurance<\/span> coverage shall be presumed to be that required in subdivision B 1 until the passenger exits the vehicle. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> In every instance where TNC insurance<\/span> maintained by a TNC partner to fulfill the insurance obligations of this section has lapsed or ceased to exist, the transportation network company<\/span> shall provide the coverage required by this section beginning with the first dollar of a claim. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

F.<\/span> This section shall not limit the liability of a transportation network company<\/span> arising out of an accident involving a TNC partner in any action for damages<\/span> against a transportation network company<\/span> for an amount above the required insurance coverage. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

G.<\/span> Any person<\/span>, or an attorney acting on his behalf, who suffers a loss in an automobile accident with a reasonable belief that the accident involves a TNC partner vehicle<\/span> driven by a TNC partner in connection with a transportation network company<\/span> and who provides the transportation network company<\/span> with the date, approximate time, and location of the accident, and if available the name of the TNC partner and if available the accident report, may request in writing from the transportation network company<\/span> information relating to the insurance coverage and the company providing the coverage. The transportation network company<\/span> shall respond electronically or in writing within 30 days. The transportation network company<\/span>’s response shall contain the following information: (i) whether, at the approximate time of the accident, the TNC partner was logged into the transportation network company<\/span>’s digital platform<\/span> and, if so logged in, whether a trip request had been accepted or a passenger was in the TNC partner vehicle<\/span>; (ii) the name of the insurance carrier providing primary coverage; and (iii) the identity and last known address of the TNC partner. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

H.<\/span> No contract<\/span>, receipt, rule, or regulation shall exempt any transportation network company<\/span> from the liability that would exist had no contract<\/span> been made or entered into, and no such contract<\/span>, receipt, rule, or regulation for exemption from liability for injury or loss occasioned by the neglect or misconduct of such transportation network company<\/span> shall be valid. The liability referred to in this subsection shall mean the liability imposed by law<\/span> upon a transportation network company<\/span> for any loss, damage, or injury to passengers in its custody<\/span> and care as a transportation network company<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

I.<\/span> Any insurance required by this section may be placed with an insurer that has been admitted in Virginia or with an insurer providing surplus lines insurance as defined in § 38.2-4805.2<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

J.<\/span> Any insurance policy required by this section shall satisfy the financial responsibility<\/span> requirement for a motor vehicle<\/span> under § 46.2-706<\/a> during the period such vehicle is being operated as a TNC partner vehicle<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

K.<\/span> The Department<\/span> shall not issue<\/span> the certificate of fitness<\/span> required under § 46.2-2099.45<\/a> to any transportation network company<\/span> that has not certified to the Department<\/span> that every TNC partner vehicle<\/span> it has authorized to operate on its digital platform<\/span> is covered by an insurance policy that meets the requirements of this section. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

L.<\/span> Each transportation network company<\/span> shall keep on file with the Department<\/span> proof of an insurance policy maintained by the transportation network company<\/span> in accordance with this section. Such proof shall be in a form acceptable to the Commissioner<\/span>. A record of the policy shall remain in the files of the Department<\/span> six months after the certificate is revoked or suspended for any cause. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

M.<\/span> The Department<\/span> may suspend<\/span> a certificate if the certificate holder fails to comply with the requirements of this section. Any person<\/span> whose certificate has been suspended pursuant to this subsection may request a hearing<\/span> as provided in subsection D of § 46.2-2011.26<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

N.<\/span> In a claims coverage investigation, a transportation network company<\/span> and its insurer shall cooperate with insurers involved in the claims coverage investigation to facilitate the exchange of information, including the dates and times of any accident involving a TNC partner and the precise times that the TNC partner logged in and was logged out of the transportation network company<\/span>’s digital platform<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nTNC INSURANCE (\u00a7 46.2-2099.52)\n\nA. At all times during the operation of a TNC partner vehicle, a transportation\nnetwork company or TNC partner shall keep in force TNC insurance as provided in\nthis section.\n\nB. The following requirements shall apply to TNC insurance from the moment a TNC\npartner accepts a prearranged ride request on a transportation network\ncompany’s digital platform until the TNC partner completes the transaction\non the digital platform or until the prearranged ride is complete, whichever is\nlater:\n\n 1. TNC insurance shall provide motor vehicle liability coverage. Such coverage\n shall be primary and the minimum amount of liability coverage for death,\n bodily injury, and property damage shall be $1 million.\n\n 2. TNC insurance shall provide uninsured motorist coverage and underinsured\n motorist coverage as required by § 38.2-2206. With regard to such\n underinsured motorist coverage that applies solely from the moment a passenger\n enters a TNC partner vehicle until the passenger exits the vehicle, it shall\n be paid without any credit for the bodily injury and property damage coverage\n available for payment, and neither the TNC nor the TNC partner shall elect to\n refuse the change in underinsured motorist coverage pursuant to subsection C\n of § 38.2-2202.\n\n 3. The requirements of this subsection may be satisfied by any of the\n following:\n \t\t\t\ta. TNC insurance maintained by a TNC partner;\n \t\t\t\tb. TNC insurance maintained by a transportation network company; or\n \t\t\t\tc. Any combination of subdivisions a and b.\n \t\t\t\tA transportation network company may meet its obligations under this\n subsection through a policy obtained by a TNC partner under subdivision a or c\n only if the transportation network company verifies that the policy is\n maintained by the TNC partner.\n\n 4. Insurers providing insurance coverage under this subsection shall have the\n exclusive duty to defend any liability claim, including any claim against a\n TNC partner, arising from an accident occurring within the time periods\n specified in this subsection. Neither the TNC partner’s nor the vehicle\n owner’s personal automobile insurance policy shall have the duty to\n defend or indemnify the TNC partner’s activities in connection with the\n transportation network company, unless the policy expressly provides otherwise\n for the period of time to which this subsection is applicable or the policy\n contains an amendment or endorsement to provide that coverage.\n\n 5. Coverage under a TNC insurance policy shall not be dependent on a personal\n automobile insurance policy first denying a claim, nor shall a personal\n automobile insurance policy be required to first deny a claim.\n\n 6. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to require a personal\n automobile insurance policy to provide primary or excess coverage. Neither the\n TNC partner’s nor the vehicle owner’s personal automobile\n insurance policy shall provide any coverage to the TNC partner, the vehicle\n owner, or any third party, unless the policy expressly provides for that\n coverage during the period of time to which this subsection is applicable or\n the policy contains an amendment or endorsement to provide that coverage.\n\nC. The following requirements shall apply to TNC insurance (i) from the moment a\nTNC partner logs on to a transportation network company’s associated\ndigital platform until the TNC partner accepts a request to transport a\npassenger and (ii) from the moment the TNC partner completes the transaction on\nthe digital platform or the prearranged ride is complete, whichever is later,\nuntil the TNC partner either accepts another prearranged ride request on the\ndigital platform or logs off the digital platform:\n\n 1. TNC insurance shall provide motor vehicle liability coverage. Such coverage\n shall be primary and shall provide liability coverage of at least $50,000 per\n person and $100,000 per incident for death and bodily injury and at least\n $25,000 for property damage. TNC insurance shall provide uninsured motorist\n coverage and underinsured motorist coverage as required by § 38.2-2206.\n\n 2. The requirements for the coverage required by this subsection may be\n satisfied by any of the following:\n \t\t\t\ta. TNC insurance maintained by a TNC partner;\n \t\t\t\tb. TNC insurance maintained by a transportation network company that\n provides coverage in the event that a TNC partner’s insurance policy\n under subdivision a has ceased to exist or has been canceled or in the event\n that the TNC partner does not otherwise maintain TNC insurance; or\n \t\t\t\tc. Any combination of subdivisions a and b.\n \t\t\t\tA transportation network company may meet its obligations under this\n subsection through a policy obtained by a TNC partner pursuant to subdivision\n a or c only if the transportation network company verifies that the policy is\n maintained by the TNC partner and is specifically written to cover the TNC\n partner’s use of a vehicle in connection with a transportation network\n company’s digital platform.\n\nD. In the event that the digital platform becomes inaccessible due to failure or\nmalfunction while a TNC partner is en route to or transporting a passenger\nduring a prearranged ride described in subsection B, TNC insurance coverage\nshall be presumed to be that required in subdivision B 1 until the passenger\nexits the vehicle.\n\nE. In every instance where TNC insurance maintained by a TNC partner to fulfill\nthe insurance obligations of this section has lapsed or ceased to exist, the\ntransportation network company shall provide the coverage required by this\nsection beginning with the first dollar of a claim.\n\nF. This section shall not limit the liability of a transportation network\ncompany arising out of an accident involving a TNC partner in any action for\ndamages against a transportation network company for an amount above the\nrequired insurance coverage.\n\nG. Any person, or an attorney acting on his behalf, who suffers a loss in an\nautomobile accident with a reasonable belief that the accident involves a TNC\npartner vehicle driven by a TNC partner in connection with a transportation\nnetwork company and who provides the transportation network company with the\ndate, approximate time, and location of the accident, and if available the name\nof the TNC partner and if available the accident report, may request in writing\nfrom the transportation network company information relating to the insurance\ncoverage and the company providing the coverage. The transportation network\ncompany shall respond electronically or in writing within 30 days. The\ntransportation network company’s response shall contain the following\ninformation: (i) whether, at the approximate time of the accident, the TNC\npartner was logged into the transportation network company’s digital\nplatform and, if so logged in, whether a trip request had been accepted or a\npassenger was in the TNC partner vehicle; (ii) the name of the insurance carrier\nproviding primary coverage; and (iii) the identity and last known address of the\nTNC partner.\n\nH. No contract, receipt, rule, or regulation shall exempt any transportation\nnetwork company from the liability that would exist had no contract been made or\nentered into, and no such contract, receipt, rule, or regulation for exemption\nfrom liability for injury or loss occasioned by the neglect or misconduct of\nsuch transportation network company shall be valid. The liability referred to in\nthis subsection shall mean the liability imposed by law upon a transportation\nnetwork company for any loss, damage, or injury to passengers in its custody and\ncare as a transportation network company.\n\nI. Any insurance required by this section may be placed with an insurer that has\nbeen admitted in Virginia or with an insurer providing surplus lines insurance\nas defined in § 38.2-4805.2.\n\nJ. Any insurance policy required by this section shall satisfy the financial\nresponsibility requirement for a motor vehicle under § 46.2-706 during the\nperiod such vehicle is being operated as a TNC partner vehicle.\n\nK. The Department shall not issue the certificate of fitness required under\n§ 46.2-2099.45 to any transportation network company that has not certified\nto the Department that every TNC partner vehicle it has authorized to operate on\nits digital platform is covered by an insurance policy that meets the\nrequirements of this section.\n\nL. Each transportation network company shall keep on file with the Department\nproof of an insurance policy maintained by the transportation network company in\naccordance with this section. Such proof shall be in a form acceptable to the\nCommissioner. A record of the policy shall remain in the files of the Department\nsix months after the certificate is revoked or suspended for any cause.\n\nM. The Department may suspend a certificate if the certificate holder fails to\ncomply with the requirements of this section. Any person whose certificate has\nbeen suspended pursuant to this subsection may request a hearing as provided in\nsubsection D of § 46.2-2011.26.\n\nN. In a claims coverage investigation, a transportation network company and its\ninsurer shall cooperate with insurers involved in the claims coverage\ninvestigation to facilitate the exchange of information, including the dates and\ntimes of any accident involving a TNC partner and the precise times that the TNC\npartner logged in and was logged out of the transportation network\ncompany’s digital platform.\n\nHISTORY: 2015, cc. 2, 3; 2023, cc. 321, 322.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}