{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/46.2-312.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/46.2-312.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/46.2-312.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/46.2-312.html"}],"law_id":77772,"edition_id":1,"section_id":77772,"structure_id":15802,"section_number":"46.2-312","catch_line":"Persons using bioptic telescopic lenses","history":"1986, c. 115, \u00a7 46.1-357.3; 1989, cc. 147, 727; 2010, c. 18.","full_text":"A\n\nPersons using bioptic telescopic lenses shall be eligible for driver’s licenses if they:1\n\nDemonstrate a visual acuity of at least 20\/200 in one or both eyes and a field of seventy degrees horizontal vision without or with corrective carrier lenses or a comparable measurement that demonstrates a visual field within this range, or if these persons have vision in one eye only, they demonstrate a field of at least forty degrees temporal and thirty degrees nasal horizontal vision or a comparable measurement that demonstrates a visual field within this range;2\n\nDemonstrate a visual acuity of at least 20\/70 in one or both eyes with the bioptic telescopic lenses and without the use of field expanders;3\n\nMeet all other criteria for licensure;4\n\nAccompany the license application with a report of examination by an ophthalmologist or optometrist on a form prescribed by the Department for evaluation by the Medical Advisory Board.B\n\nPersons using bioptic telescopic lenses shall be eligible for learner’s permits issued under § 46.2-335 provided they first meet the requirements of subsection A of this section, except for that part of the examination requiring the applicant to drive a motor vehicle.C\n\nPersons using bioptic telescopic lenses shall be subject to the following restrictions:1\n\nThey shall not be eligible for any of the driver’s license endorsements provided for in § 46.2-328;2\n\nTheir driver’s licenses shall permit the operation of motor vehicles only during the period beginning one-half hour after sunrise and ending one-half hour before sunset.D\n\nNotwithstanding the provisions of subdivision C 2 of this section, persons using bioptic telescopic lenses may be licensed to drive motor vehicles between one-half hour before sunset and one-half hour after sunrise if they:1\n\nDemonstrate a visual acuity of at least 20\/40 in one or both eyes with the bioptic telescopic lenses and without the use of field expanders;2\n\nHave been licensed under subsection C of this section for at least one year; and3\n\nPass a skills test taken at night.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":278913,"text":"Persons using bioptic telescopic lenses shall be eligible for driver’s licenses if they:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":278914,"text":"Demonstrate a visual acuity of at least 20\/200 in one or both eyes and a field of seventy degrees horizontal vision without or with corrective carrier lenses or a comparable measurement that demonstrates a visual field within this range, or if these persons have vision in one eye only, they demonstrate a field of at least forty degrees temporal and thirty degrees nasal horizontal vision or a comparable measurement that demonstrates a visual field within this range;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":278915,"text":"Demonstrate a visual acuity of at least 20\/70 in one or both eyes with the bioptic telescopic lenses and without the use of field expanders;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":278916,"text":"Meet all other criteria for licensure;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"A4"},"4":{"id":278917,"text":"Accompany the license application with a report of examination by an ophthalmologist or optometrist on a form prescribed by the Department for evaluation by the Medical Advisory Board.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"A4","prefix_anchor":"A4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"B"},"5":{"id":278918,"text":"Persons using bioptic telescopic lenses shall be eligible for learner’s permits issued under § 46.2-335 provided they first meet the requirements of subsection A of this section, except for that part of the examination requiring the applicant to drive a motor vehicle.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A4","next_prefix":"C"},"6":{"id":278919,"text":"Persons using bioptic telescopic lenses shall be subject to the following restrictions:","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"C1"},"7":{"id":278920,"text":"They shall not be eligible for any of the driver’s license endorsements provided for in § 46.2-328;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"C1","prefix_anchor":"C1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"C2"},"8":{"id":278921,"text":"Their driver’s licenses shall permit the operation of motor vehicles only during the period beginning one-half hour after sunrise and ending one-half hour before sunset.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"C2","prefix_anchor":"C2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C1","next_prefix":"D"},"9":{"id":278922,"text":"Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision C 2 of this section, persons using bioptic telescopic lenses may be licensed to drive motor vehicles between one-half hour before sunset and one-half hour after sunrise if they:","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C2","next_prefix":"D1"},"10":{"id":278923,"text":"Demonstrate a visual acuity of at least 20\/40 in one or both eyes with the bioptic telescopic lenses and without the use of field expanders;","type":"section","prefixes":["D","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"D1","prefix_anchor":"D1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"D2"},"11":{"id":278924,"text":"Have been licensed under subsection C of this section for at least one year; and","type":"section","prefixes":["D","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"D2","prefix_anchor":"D2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D1","next_prefix":"D3"},"12":{"id":278925,"text":"Pass a skills test taken at night.","type":"section","prefixes":["D","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"D3","prefix_anchor":"D3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D2"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15802,"edition_id":1,"name":"Persons Not to Be Licensed","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12772,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:59:43","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:59:43","permalink":{"id":226379,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15802,"identifier":"3","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/3","url":"\/46.2\/II\/3\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12772,"edition_id":1,"name":"Licensure of Drivers","identifier":"3","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12771,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":225629,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12772,"identifier":"3","token":"46.2\/II\/3","url":"\/46.2\/II\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12771,"edition_id":1,"name":"Titling, Registration and Licensure","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12770,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":225627,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12771,"identifier":"II","token":"46.2\/II","url":"\/46.2\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12770,"edition_id":1,"name":"Motor Vehicles","identifier":"46.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":225289,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12770,"identifier":"46.2","token":"46.2","url":"\/46.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":80708,"structure_id":15802,"section_number":"46.2-311","catch_line":"Persons having defective vision; minimum standards of visual acuity and field of vision; tests of vision","url":"\/46.2-311\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/3\/46.2-311","metadata":false},{"id":77772,"structure_id":15802,"section_number":"46.2-312","catch_line":"Persons using bioptic telescopic lenses","url":"\/46.2-312\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/3\/46.2-312","metadata":false},{"id":76904,"structure_id":15802,"section_number":"46.2-313","catch_line":"Persons with suspended or revoked licenses","url":"\/46.2-313\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/3\/46.2-313","metadata":false},{"id":64073,"structure_id":15802,"section_number":"46.2-314","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-314\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/3\/46.2-314","metadata":false},{"id":69567,"structure_id":15802,"section_number":"46.2-315","catch_line":"Persons unable to exercise reasonable and ordinary control over a motor vehicle","url":"\/46.2-315\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/3\/46.2-315","metadata":false},{"id":80892,"structure_id":15802,"section_number":"46.2-316","catch_line":"Persons convicted or found not innocent of certain offenses; requirement of proof of financial responsibility in the future for certain offenses","url":"\/46.2-316\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/3\/46.2-316","metadata":false},{"id":64027,"structure_id":15802,"section_number":"46.2-317","catch_line":"Persons making false statement in application","url":"\/46.2-317\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/3\/46.2-317","metadata":false},{"id":72608,"structure_id":15802,"section_number":"46.2-318","catch_line":"Cancellation or revocation of license where application is false in material particular","url":"\/46.2-318\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/3\/46.2-318","metadata":false},{"id":60901,"structure_id":15802,"section_number":"46.2-319","catch_line":"Refusal or revocation of license for certain fraudulent acts in obtaining a driver's license","url":"\/46.2-319\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/3\/46.2-319","metadata":false},{"id":85855,"structure_id":15802,"section_number":"46.2-320","catch_line":"Other grounds for refusal or suspension","url":"\/46.2-320\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/3\/46.2-320","metadata":false},{"id":81751,"structure_id":15802,"section_number":"46.2-320.1","catch_line":"Other grounds for suspension; nonpayment of child support","url":"\/46.2-320.1\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/3\/46.2-320.1","metadata":false},{"id":76219,"structure_id":15802,"section_number":"46.2-320.2","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-320.2\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/3\/46.2-320.2","metadata":false},{"id":77673,"structure_id":15802,"section_number":"46.2-321","catch_line":"Appeal from denial, suspension, or revocation of license; operation of vehicle pending appeal","url":"\/46.2-321\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/3\/46.2-321","metadata":false},{"id":81924,"structure_id":15802,"section_number":"46.2-322","catch_line":"Examination of licensee believed unable to drive safely; suspension or restriction of license; license application to include questions as to abilities of applicant; false answers; examination of applicant; physician's, advanced practice registered nurse's, or physician assistant's statement","url":"\/46.2-322\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/3\/46.2-322","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":80708,"structure_id":15802,"section_number":"46.2-311","catch_line":"Persons having defective vision; minimum standards of visual acuity and field of vision; tests of vision","url":"\/46.2-311\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/3\/46.2-311","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":76904,"structure_id":15802,"section_number":"46.2-313","catch_line":"Persons with suspended or revoked licenses","url":"\/46.2-313\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/3\/46.2-313","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/46.2-312\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1986. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 115 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1986 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1989, chapters 147 and 727; in 2010, chapter 18<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":66333,"section_number":"46.2-325","catch_line":"Examination of applicants; waiver of Department's examination under certain circumstances; behind-the-wheel and knowledge examinations","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-325\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":64850,"section_number":"46.2-328","catch_line":"Department to issue licenses; endorsements, classifications, and restrictions authorizing operation of certain vehicles","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-328\/"},{"id":80637,"section_number":"46.2-335","catch_line":"Learner's permits; fees; certification required","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-335\/"}],"permalink":{"id":226385,"object_type":"law","relational_id":77772,"identifier":"46.2-312","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/3\/46.2-312","url":"\/46.2-312\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/46.2-312\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/3\/46.2-312","dublin_core":{"Title":"Persons using bioptic telescopic lenses","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 46.2-312","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Persons using bioptic telescopic lenses shall be eligible for driver<\/span>’s licenses if they: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Demonstrate a visual acuity of at least 20\/200 in one or both eyes and a field of seventy degrees horizontal vision without or with corrective carrier lenses or a comparable measurement that demonstrates a visual field within this range, or if these persons have vision in one eye only, they demonstrate a field of at least forty degrees temporal and thirty degrees nasal horizontal vision or a comparable measurement that demonstrates a visual field within this range; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Demonstrate a visual acuity of at least 20\/70 in one or both eyes with the bioptic telescopic lenses and without the use of field expanders; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Meet all other criteria for licensure; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Accompany the license application with a report of examination by an ophthalmologist or optometrist on a form prescribed by the Department<\/span> for evaluation by the Medical Advisory Board. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Persons using bioptic telescopic lenses shall be eligible for learner’s permits issued under § 46.2-335<\/a> provided they first meet the requirements of subsection A of this section, except for that part of the examination requiring the applicant to drive a motor vehicle<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Persons using bioptic telescopic lenses shall be subject to the following restrictions: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> They shall not be eligible for any of the driver<\/span>’s license endorsements provided for in § 46.2-328<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Their driver<\/span>’s licenses shall permit the operation of motor vehicles<\/span> only during the period beginning one-half hour after sunrise and ending one-half hour before sunset. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision C 2 of this section, persons using bioptic telescopic lenses may be licensed to drive motor vehicles<\/span> between one-half hour before sunset and one-half hour after sunrise if they: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Demonstrate a visual acuity of at least 20\/40 in one or both eyes with the bioptic telescopic lenses and without the use of field expanders; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Have been licensed under subsection C of this section for at least one year; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Pass a skills test taken at night. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPERSONS USING BIOPTIC TELESCOPIC LENSES (\u00a7 46.2-312)\n\nA. Persons using bioptic telescopic lenses shall be eligible for driver’s\nlicenses if they:\n\n 1. Demonstrate a visual acuity of at least 20\/200 in one or both eyes and a\n field of seventy degrees horizontal vision without or with corrective carrier\n lenses or a comparable measurement that demonstrates a visual field within\n this range, or if these persons have vision in one eye only, they demonstrate\n a field of at least forty degrees temporal and thirty degrees nasal horizontal\n vision or a comparable measurement that demonstrates a visual field within\n this range;\n\n 2. Demonstrate a visual acuity of at least 20\/70 in one or both eyes with the\n bioptic telescopic lenses and without the use of field expanders;\n\n 3. Meet all other criteria for licensure;\n\n 4. Accompany the license application with a report of examination by an\n ophthalmologist or optometrist on a form prescribed by the Department for\n evaluation by the Medical Advisory Board.\n\nB. Persons using bioptic telescopic lenses shall be eligible for learner’s\npermits issued under § 46.2-335 provided they first meet the requirements\nof subsection A of this section, except for that part of the examination\nrequiring the applicant to drive a motor vehicle.\n\nC. Persons using bioptic telescopic lenses shall be subject to the following\nrestrictions:\n\n 1. They shall not be eligible for any of the driver’s license\n endorsements provided for in § 46.2-328;\n\n 2. Their driver’s licenses shall permit the operation of motor vehicles\n only during the period beginning one-half hour after sunrise and ending\n one-half hour before sunset.\n\nD. Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision C 2 of this section, persons\nusing bioptic telescopic lenses may be licensed to drive motor vehicles between\none-half hour before sunset and one-half hour after sunrise if they:\n\n 1. Demonstrate a visual acuity of at least 20\/40 in one or both eyes with the\n bioptic telescopic lenses and without the use of field expanders;\n\n 2. Have been licensed under subsection C of this section for at least one\n year; and\n\n 3. Pass a skills test taken at night.\n\nHISTORY: 1986, c. 115, \u00a7 46.1-357.3; 1989, cc. 147, 727; 2010, c. 18.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}