{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/46.2-410.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/46.2-410.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/46.2-410.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/46.2-410.1.html"}],"law_id":73385,"edition_id":1,"section_id":73385,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-410.1","catch_line":"Judicial review of revocation or suspension by Commissioner","history":"2001, cc. 739, 749; 2002, c. 811; 2020, cc. 740, 741.","full_text":"A\n\nNotwithstanding the provisions of &#xA7; 46.2-410, when the Commissioner orders a revocation or suspension of a person&#8217;s driver&#8217;s license under the provisions of this chapter, the person so aggrieved may, in cases of manifest injustice, within 60 days of receipt of notice of the suspension or revocation, petition the circuit court of the jurisdiction wherein he resides for a hearing to review the Commissioner&#8217;s order. Manifest injustice is defined as those instances where the Commissioner&#8217;s order was the result of an error or was issued without authority or jurisdiction. The person shall provide notice of his petition to the attorney for the Commonwealth of that jurisdiction.B\n\nAt the hearing on the petition, if the court finds that the Commissioner&#8217;s order is manifestly unjust the court may, notwithstanding any other provision of law, order the Commissioner to modify the order or issue the person a restricted license in accordance with the provisions of &#xA7; 18.2-271.1. For any action under this section, no appeal shall lie from the determination of the circuit court.C\n\nThis section shall not apply to any disqualification of eligibility to operate a commercial motor vehicle imposed by the Commissioner pursuant to Article 6.1 (&#xA7; 46.2-341.1 et seq.).","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":264089,"text":"Notwithstanding the provisions of &#xA7; 46.2-410, when the Commissioner orders a revocation or suspension of a person&#8217;s driver&#8217;s license under the provisions of this chapter, the person so aggrieved may, in cases of manifest injustice, within 60 days of receipt of notice of the suspension or revocation, petition the circuit court of the jurisdiction wherein he resides for a hearing to review the Commissioner&#8217;s order. Manifest injustice is defined as those instances where the Commissioner&#8217;s order was the result of an error or was issued without authority or jurisdiction. The person shall provide notice of his petition to the attorney for the Commonwealth of that jurisdiction.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":264090,"text":"At the hearing on the petition, if the court finds that the Commissioner&#8217;s order is manifestly unjust the court may, notwithstanding any other provision of law, order the Commissioner to modify the order or issue the person a restricted license in accordance with the provisions of &#xA7; 18.2-271.1. For any action under this section, no appeal shall lie from the determination of the circuit court.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":264091,"text":"This section shall not apply to any disqualification of eligibility to operate a commercial motor vehicle imposed by the Commissioner pursuant to Article 6.1 (&#xA7; 46.2-341.1 et seq.).","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14811,"edition_id":1,"name":"Suspension and Revocation of Licenses, Generally; Additional Penalties","identifier":"12","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12772,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:50:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:50:05","permalink":{"id":225761,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14811,"identifier":"12","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12","url":"\/46.2\/II\/3\/12\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12772,"edition_id":1,"name":"Licensure of Drivers","identifier":"3","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12771,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":225629,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12772,"identifier":"3","token":"46.2\/II\/3","url":"\/46.2\/II\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12771,"edition_id":1,"name":"Titling, Registration and Licensure","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12770,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":225627,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12771,"identifier":"II","token":"46.2\/II","url":"\/46.2\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12770,"edition_id":1,"name":"Motor Vehicles","identifier":"46.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":225289,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12770,"identifier":"46.2","token":"46.2","url":"\/46.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":59065,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-389","catch_line":"Required revocation for one year upon conviction or finding of guilty of certain offenses; exceptions","url":"\/46.2-389\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-389","metadata":false},{"id":86987,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-390","catch_line":"Required suspension for conviction of theft or unauthorized use of a motor vehicle","url":"\/46.2-390\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-390","metadata":false},{"id":74877,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-390.1","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-390.1\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-390.1","metadata":false},{"id":72043,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-391","catch_line":"Revocation of license for multiple convictions of driving while intoxicated; exception; petition for restoration of privilege","url":"\/46.2-391\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-391","metadata":false},{"id":83723,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-391.01","catch_line":"Administrative enforcement of ignition interlock requirements","url":"\/46.2-391.01\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-391.01","metadata":false},{"id":56648,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-391.1","catch_line":"Suspension of registration certificates and plates upon suspension or revocation of driver's license","url":"\/46.2-391.1\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-391.1","metadata":false},{"id":66643,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-391.2","catch_line":"Administrative suspension of license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle","url":"\/46.2-391.2\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-391.2","metadata":false},{"id":67850,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-391.3","catch_line":"Content of notice of suspension","url":"\/46.2-391.3\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-391.3","metadata":false},{"id":72992,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-391.4","catch_line":"When suspension to be rescinded","url":"\/46.2-391.4\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-391.4","metadata":false},{"id":77964,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-391.5","catch_line":"Preparation and distribution of forms","url":"\/46.2-391.5\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-391.5","metadata":false},{"id":62771,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-392","catch_line":"Suspension of license or issuance of a restricted license on conviction of certain offenses; probationary conditions required; generally","url":"\/46.2-392\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-392","metadata":false},{"id":72292,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-393","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Suspension of license on conviction of certain reckless offenses; restricted licenses","url":"\/46.2-393\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-393","metadata":false},{"id":62087,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-394","catch_line":"(Effective until July 1, 2026) Revocation of license for fourth conviction of certain offenses","url":"\/46.2-394\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-394","metadata":false},{"id":82297,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-395","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-395\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-395","metadata":false},{"id":58653,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-396","catch_line":"Suspension of license for reckless driving resulting in death of any person","url":"\/46.2-396\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-396","metadata":false},{"id":74474,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-396.1","catch_line":"Conviction of serious driving offense","url":"\/46.2-396.1\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-396.1","metadata":false},{"id":79059,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-397","catch_line":"Suspension of license for certain violations while transporting explosives, inflammable gas or liquid","url":"\/46.2-397\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-397","metadata":false},{"id":73682,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-398","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Disposition of surrendered licenses on revocation or suspension","url":"\/46.2-398\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-398","metadata":false},{"id":57572,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-398.1","catch_line":"Issuance of restricted driver's privilege to out-of-state licensees","url":"\/46.2-398.1\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-398.1","metadata":false},{"id":73022,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-399","catch_line":"Revocation of license for improper use or failure to pay certain taxes","url":"\/46.2-399\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-399","metadata":false},{"id":77576,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-400","catch_line":"Suspension of license of person not competent to drive; restoration of license; duty of clerk of the court","url":"\/46.2-400\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-400","metadata":false},{"id":61484,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-401","catch_line":"Reports to Commissioner of discharge of individuals from state facilities","url":"\/46.2-401\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-401","metadata":false},{"id":77629,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-402","catch_line":"When Commissioner may suspend or revoke license for not more than one year after hearing","url":"\/46.2-402\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-402","metadata":false},{"id":74993,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-403","catch_line":"Contents of notice of hearing","url":"\/46.2-403\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-403","metadata":false},{"id":70169,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-404","catch_line":"Where and before whom hearing held","url":"\/46.2-404\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-404","metadata":false},{"id":81143,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-405","catch_line":"How hearings to be conducted","url":"\/46.2-405\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-405","metadata":false},{"id":66171,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-406","catch_line":"Appointment and authority of hearing officers","url":"\/46.2-406\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-406","metadata":false},{"id":57533,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-407","catch_line":"Form and contents of decision; copies","url":"\/46.2-407\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-407","metadata":false},{"id":75310,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-408","catch_line":"When Commissioner may suspend or revoke license for no more than five years","url":"\/46.2-408\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-408","metadata":false},{"id":77040,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-409","catch_line":"Certain abstracts of conviction to be prima facie evidence of conviction","url":"\/46.2-409\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-409","metadata":false},{"id":76313,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-410","catch_line":"Appeals from order suspending or revoking license or registration","url":"\/46.2-410\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-410","metadata":false},{"id":73385,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-410.1","catch_line":"Judicial review of revocation or suspension by Commissioner","url":"\/46.2-410.1\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-410.1","metadata":false},{"id":70879,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-410.2","catch_line":"License suspension or revocation by Commissioner; offenses under the laws of other jurisdictions","url":"\/46.2-410.2\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-410.2","metadata":false},{"id":60308,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-411","catch_line":"Reinstatement of suspended or revoked license or other privilege to operate or register a motor vehicle; proof of financial responsibility; reinstatement fee","url":"\/46.2-411\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-411","metadata":false},{"id":86068,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-411.1","catch_line":"Reinstatement of driver's license suspended or revoked for a conviction of driving while intoxicated","url":"\/46.2-411.1\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-411.1","metadata":false},{"id":78915,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-412","catch_line":"Time suspension or revocation","url":"\/46.2-412\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-412","metadata":false},{"id":64511,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-413","catch_line":"Effect of reversal of conviction","url":"\/46.2-413\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-413","metadata":false},{"id":72945,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-414","catch_line":"Commencement of periods for suspension or revocation of licenses, registration cards, or license plates","url":"\/46.2-414\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-414","metadata":false},{"id":80334,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-415","catch_line":"United States magistrates and judges of district courts authorized to revoke or suspend driver's license under certain conditions","url":"\/46.2-415\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-415","metadata":false},{"id":57478,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-416","catch_line":"Notice of suspension or revocation of license","url":"\/46.2-416\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-416","metadata":false},{"id":69507,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-416.1","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-416.1\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-416.1","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":76313,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-410","catch_line":"Appeals from order suspending or revoking license or registration","url":"\/46.2-410\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-410","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":70879,"structure_id":14811,"section_number":"46.2-410.2","catch_line":"License suspension or revocation by Commissioner; offenses under the laws of other jurisdictions","url":"\/46.2-410.2\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-410.2","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/46.2-410.1\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 2001. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?011+ful+CHAP0739\">739<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?011+ful+CHAP0749\">749<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2002, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?021+ful+CHAP0811\">811<\/a>; in 2020, chapters <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?201+ful+CHAP0740\">740<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?201+ful+CHAP0741\">741<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":57797,"section_number":"18.2-271.1","catch_line":"Probation, education, and rehabilitation of person charged or convicted; person convicted under law of another state or federal law","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-271.1\/"},{"id":62139,"section_number":"46.2-341.1","catch_line":"Title","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-341.1\/"},{"id":76313,"section_number":"46.2-410","catch_line":"Appeals from order suspending or revoking license or registration","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-410\/"}],"permalink":{"id":225887,"object_type":"law","relational_id":73385,"identifier":"46.2-410.1","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-410.1","url":"\/46.2-410.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/46.2-410.1\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/12\/46.2-410.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Judicial review of revocation or suspension by Commissioner","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 46.2-410.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> Notwithstanding the provisions of &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Appeals from order suspending or revoking license or registration\" href=\"\/46.2-410\/\">46.2-410<\/a>, when the <span class=\"dictionary\">Commissioner<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">orders<\/span> a <span class=\"dictionary\">revocation<\/span> or <span class=\"dictionary\">suspension<\/span> of a person&#8217;s <span class=\"dictionary\">driver<\/span>&#8217;s license under the provisions of this chapter, the person so aggrieved may, in cases of manifest injustice, within 60 days of receipt of notice of the <span class=\"dictionary\">suspension<\/span> or <span class=\"dictionary\">revocation<\/span>, <span class=\"dictionary\">petition<\/span> the <span class=\"dictionary\">circuit<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> of the <span class=\"dictionary\">jurisdiction<\/span> wherein he resides for a <span class=\"dictionary\">hearing<\/span> to review the <span class=\"dictionary\">Commissioner<\/span>&#8217;s <span class=\"dictionary\">order<\/span>. Manifest injustice is defined as those instances where the <span class=\"dictionary\">Commissioner<\/span>&#8217;s <span class=\"dictionary\">order<\/span> was the result of an error or was issued without authority or <span class=\"dictionary\">jurisdiction<\/span>. The person shall provide notice of his <span class=\"dictionary\">petition<\/span> to the attorney for the Commonwealth of that <span class=\"dictionary\">jurisdiction<\/span>. <a id=\"paragraph-264089\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/46.2-410.1\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> At the <span class=\"dictionary\">hearing<\/span> on the <span class=\"dictionary\">petition<\/span>, if the <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> finds that the <span class=\"dictionary\">Commissioner<\/span>&#8217;s <span class=\"dictionary\">order<\/span> is manifestly unjust the <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> may, notwithstanding any other provision of <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span>, <span class=\"dictionary\">order<\/span> the <span class=\"dictionary\">Commissioner<\/span> to modify the <span class=\"dictionary\">order<\/span> or <span class=\"dictionary\">issue<\/span> the person a restricted license in accordance with the provisions of &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Probation, education, and rehabilitation of person charged or convicted; person convicted under law of another state or federal law\" href=\"\/18.2-271.1\/\">18.2-271.1<\/a>. For any action under this section, no <span class=\"dictionary\">appeal<\/span> shall lie from the determination of the <span class=\"dictionary\">circuit<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span>. <a id=\"paragraph-264090\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/46.2-410.1\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"C\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">C.<\/span> This section shall not apply to any disqualification of eligibility to operate a commercial <span class=\"dictionary\">motor vehicle<\/span> imposed by the <span class=\"dictionary\">Commissioner<\/span> pursuant to Article 6.1 (&#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Title\" href=\"\/46.2-341.1\/\">46.2-341.1<\/a> et seq.). <a id=\"paragraph-264091\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/46.2-410.1\/#C\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nJUDICIAL REVIEW OF REVOCATION OR SUSPENSION BY COMMISSIONER (\u00a7 46.2-410.1)\n\nA. Notwithstanding the provisions of &#xA7; 46.2-410, when the Commissioner\norders a revocation or suspension of a person&#8217;s driver&#8217;s license\nunder the provisions of this chapter, the person so aggrieved may, in cases of\nmanifest injustice, within 60 days of receipt of notice of the suspension or\nrevocation, petition the circuit court of the jurisdiction wherein he resides\nfor a hearing to review the Commissioner&#8217;s order. Manifest injustice is\ndefined as those instances where the Commissioner&#8217;s order was the result\nof an error or was issued without authority or jurisdiction. The person shall\nprovide notice of his petition to the attorney for the Commonwealth of that\njurisdiction.\n\nB. At the hearing on the petition, if the court finds that the\nCommissioner&#8217;s order is manifestly unjust the court may, notwithstanding\nany other provision of law, order the Commissioner to modify the order or issue\nthe person a restricted license in accordance with the provisions of &#xA7;\n18.2-271.1. For any action under this section, no appeal shall lie from the\ndetermination of the circuit court.\n\nC. This section shall not apply to any disqualification of eligibility to\noperate a commercial motor vehicle imposed by the Commissioner pursuant to\nArticle 6.1 (&#xA7; 46.2-341.1 et seq.).\n\nHISTORY: 2001, cc. 739, 749; 2002, c. 811; 2020, cc. 740, 741.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}