{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/46.2-490.9.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/46.2-490.9.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/46.2-490.9.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/46.2-490.9.html"}],"law_id":73960,"edition_id":1,"section_id":73960,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-490.9","catch_line":"Unlawful acts; prosecution; proceedings in equity","history":"2004, c. 622.","full_text":"A\n\nIt shall be unlawful for any person to engage in any of the following acts:1\n\nOperate as a driver improvement clinic or as an instructor without holding a valid license as required by statute or regulation;2\n\nMake use of any designation provided by statute or regulation to denote a standard of professional or occupational competence without being duly licensed;3\n\nPerform any act or function that is restricted by statute or regulation to persons holding a driver improvement clinic or instructor license, without being duly licensed;4\n\nMaterially misrepresenting facts in an application for a license;5\n\nWillfully refusing to furnish the Department information or records required or requested pursuant to statute, regulation, or criteria established by the Department pursuant to &#xA7; 46.2-490.B\n\nIn addition to the provisions of subsection A of this section, the Department may institute proceedings in equity to enjoin any person from engaging in any unlawful act enumerated in this section. Such proceedings shall be brought in the name of the Commonwealth in the circuit court of the city or county in which the unlawful act occurred or in which the defendant resides.C\n\nAny person who willfully engages in any unlawful act enumerated in this section shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":266008,"text":"It shall be unlawful for any person to engage in any of the following acts:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":266009,"text":"Operate as a driver improvement clinic or as an instructor without holding a valid license as required by statute or regulation;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":266010,"text":"Make use of any designation provided by statute or regulation to denote a standard of professional or occupational competence without being duly licensed;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":266011,"text":"Perform any act or function that is restricted by statute or regulation to persons holding a driver improvement clinic or instructor license, without being duly licensed;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"A4"},"4":{"id":266012,"text":"Materially misrepresenting facts in an application for a license;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"A4","prefix_anchor":"A4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"A5"},"5":{"id":266013,"text":"Willfully refusing to furnish the Department information or records required or requested pursuant to statute, regulation, or criteria established by the Department pursuant to &#xA7; 46.2-490.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"A5","prefix_anchor":"A5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A4","next_prefix":"B"},"6":{"id":266014,"text":"In addition to the provisions of subsection A of this section, the Department may institute proceedings in equity to enjoin any person from engaging in any unlawful act enumerated in this section. Such proceedings shall be brought in the name of the Commonwealth in the circuit court of the city or county in which the unlawful act occurred or in which the defendant resides.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A5","next_prefix":"C"},"7":{"id":266015,"text":"Any person who willfully engages in any unlawful act enumerated in this section shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13891,"edition_id":1,"name":"Driver Improvement Program","identifier":"19","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12772,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:12","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:12","permalink":{"id":226227,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13891,"identifier":"19","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19","url":"\/46.2\/II\/3\/19\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12772,"edition_id":1,"name":"Licensure of Drivers","identifier":"3","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12771,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":225629,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12772,"identifier":"3","token":"46.2\/II\/3","url":"\/46.2\/II\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12771,"edition_id":1,"name":"Titling, Registration and Licensure","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12770,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":225627,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12771,"identifier":"II","token":"46.2\/II","url":"\/46.2\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12770,"edition_id":1,"name":"Motor Vehicles","identifier":"46.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":225289,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12770,"identifier":"46.2","token":"46.2","url":"\/46.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":62223,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-489","catch_line":"Regulations; appeals","url":"\/46.2-489\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-489","metadata":false},{"id":81559,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-490","catch_line":"Establishment of driver improvement clinic program; application fees","url":"\/46.2-490\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490","metadata":false},{"id":85583,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-490.1","catch_line":"Section 46.2-391.1 not applicable","url":"\/46.2-490.1\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.1","metadata":false},{"id":86963,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-490.10","catch_line":"Changes in form of ownership or name","url":"\/46.2-490.10\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.10","metadata":false},{"id":58173,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-490.11","catch_line":"Reports, records of licensed computer-based clinic providers","url":"\/46.2-490.11\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.11","metadata":false},{"id":59819,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-490.2","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-490.2\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.2","metadata":false},{"id":68150,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-490.3","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/46.2-490.3\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.3","metadata":false},{"id":87405,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-490.4","catch_line":"Action on applications; hearing on denial","url":"\/46.2-490.4\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.4","metadata":false},{"id":56759,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-490.5","catch_line":"Suspension, revocation, cancellation or refusal to renew clinic license or instructor license; imposition of monetary penalties","url":"\/46.2-490.5\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.5","metadata":false},{"id":68957,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-490.6","catch_line":"Civil penalties","url":"\/46.2-490.6\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.6","metadata":false},{"id":61153,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-490.7","catch_line":"Acts of owners, operators, officers, directors, partners, and instructors","url":"\/46.2-490.7\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.7","metadata":false},{"id":85829,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-490.8","catch_line":"Grounds for denying, suspending, or revoking licenses of clinics and clinic instructors","url":"\/46.2-490.8\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.8","metadata":false},{"id":73960,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-490.9","catch_line":"Unlawful acts; prosecution; proceedings in equity","url":"\/46.2-490.9\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.9","metadata":false},{"id":55578,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-491","catch_line":"Persons included within scope of article","url":"\/46.2-491\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-491","metadata":false},{"id":59312,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-492","catch_line":"Uniform Demerit Point System","url":"\/46.2-492\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-492","metadata":false},{"id":54929,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-493","catch_line":"Demerit points valid for two years","url":"\/46.2-493\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-493","metadata":false},{"id":75250,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-494","catch_line":"Safe driving point credit","url":"\/46.2-494\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-494","metadata":false},{"id":66713,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-495","catch_line":"Advisory letters","url":"\/46.2-495\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-495","metadata":false},{"id":70692,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-496","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-496\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-496","metadata":false},{"id":79899,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-498","catch_line":"Driver improvement clinics; voluntary attendance","url":"\/46.2-498\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-498","metadata":false},{"id":80312,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-499","catch_line":"Driver's license probation","url":"\/46.2-499\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-499","metadata":false},{"id":68220,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-500","catch_line":"Driver control period","url":"\/46.2-500\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-500","metadata":false},{"id":75540,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-501","catch_line":"Notice to attend driver improvement clinic","url":"\/46.2-501\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-501","metadata":false},{"id":87387,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-502","catch_line":"Clinic fees","url":"\/46.2-502\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-502","metadata":false},{"id":56030,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-503","catch_line":"Suspension of privilege to operate a motor vehicle for failure to attend clinics","url":"\/46.2-503\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-503","metadata":false},{"id":65111,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-504","catch_line":"Form and contents of order of probation, suspension or revocation; service","url":"\/46.2-504\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-504","metadata":false},{"id":78073,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-505","catch_line":"Court may direct defendant to attend driver improvement clinic","url":"\/46.2-505\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-505","metadata":false},{"id":57414,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-506","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Formal hearings; suspension for excessive point accumulation","url":"\/46.2-506\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-506","metadata":false},{"id":72034,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-507","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Establishment of Intelligent Speed Assistance Program; penalty","url":"\/46.2-507\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-507","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":85829,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-490.8","catch_line":"Grounds for denying, suspending, or revoking licenses of clinics and clinic instructors","url":"\/46.2-490.8\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.8","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":55578,"structure_id":13891,"section_number":"46.2-491","catch_line":"Persons included within scope of article","url":"\/46.2-491\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-491","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/46.2-490.9\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 2004. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?041+ful+CHAP0622\">622<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":226277,"object_type":"law","relational_id":73960,"identifier":"46.2-490.9","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.9","url":"\/46.2-490.9\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/46.2-490.9\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.9","dublin_core":{"Title":"Unlawful acts; prosecution; proceedings in equity","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 46.2-490.9","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> It shall be unlawful for any person to engage in any of the following acts: <a id=\"paragraph-266008\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/46.2-490.9\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A1\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">1.<\/span> Operate as a <span class=\"dictionary\">driver improvement clinic<\/span> or as an <span class=\"dictionary\">instructor<\/span> without holding a valid license as required by <span class=\"dictionary\">statute<\/span> or regulation; <a id=\"paragraph-266009\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/46.2-490.9\/#A1\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A2\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">2.<\/span> Make use of any designation provided by <span class=\"dictionary\">statute<\/span> or regulation to denote a standard of professional or occupational competence without being duly licensed; <a id=\"paragraph-266010\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/46.2-490.9\/#A2\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A3\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">3.<\/span> Perform any act or function that is restricted by <span class=\"dictionary\">statute<\/span> or regulation to persons holding a <span class=\"dictionary\">driver improvement clinic<\/span> or <span class=\"dictionary\">instructor<\/span> license, without being duly licensed; <a id=\"paragraph-266011\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/46.2-490.9\/#A3\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A4\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">4.<\/span> Materially misrepresenting <span class=\"dictionary\">facts<\/span> in an application for a license; <a id=\"paragraph-266012\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/46.2-490.9\/#A4\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A5\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">5.<\/span> Willfully refusing to furnish the <span class=\"dictionary\">Department<\/span> information or records required or requested pursuant to <span class=\"dictionary\">statute<\/span>, regulation, or criteria established by the <span class=\"dictionary\">Department<\/span> pursuant to &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Establishment of driver improvement clinic program; application fees\" href=\"\/46.2-490\/\">46.2-490<\/a>. <a id=\"paragraph-266013\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/46.2-490.9\/#A5\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> In addition to the provisions of subsection A of this section, the <span class=\"dictionary\">Department<\/span> may institute proceedings in <span class=\"dictionary\">equity<\/span> to enjoin any person from engaging in any unlawful act enumerated in this section. Such proceedings shall be brought in the name of the Commonwealth in the <span class=\"dictionary\">circuit<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> of the city or county in which the unlawful act occurred or in which the <span class=\"dictionary\">defendant<\/span> resides. <a id=\"paragraph-266014\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/46.2-490.9\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"C\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">C.<\/span> Any person who willfully engages in any unlawful act enumerated in this section shall be guilty of a Class 1 <span class=\"dictionary\">misdemeanor<\/span>. <a id=\"paragraph-266015\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/46.2-490.9\/#C\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nUNLAWFUL ACTS; PROSECUTION; PROCEEDINGS IN EQUITY (\u00a7 46.2-490.9)\n\nA. It shall be unlawful for any person to engage in any of the following acts:\n\n   1. Operate as a driver improvement clinic or as an instructor without holding\n   a valid license as required by statute or regulation;\n\n   2. Make use of any designation provided by statute or regulation to denote a\n   standard of professional or occupational competence without being duly\n   licensed;\n\n   3. Perform any act or function that is restricted by statute or regulation to\n   persons holding a driver improvement clinic or instructor license, without\n   being duly licensed;\n\n   4. Materially misrepresenting facts in an application for a license;\n\n   5. Willfully refusing to furnish the Department information or records\n   required or requested pursuant to statute, regulation, or criteria established\n   by the Department pursuant to &#xA7; 46.2-490.\n\nB. In addition to the provisions of subsection A of this section, the Department\nmay institute proceedings in equity to enjoin any person from engaging in any\nunlawful act enumerated in this section. Such proceedings shall be brought in\nthe name of the Commonwealth in the circuit court of the city or county in which\nthe unlawful act occurred or in which the defendant resides.\n\nC. Any person who willfully engages in any unlawful act enumerated in this\nsection shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.\n\nHISTORY: 2004, c. 622.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}