{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/46.2-932.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/46.2-932.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/46.2-932.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/46.2-932.1.html"}],"law_id":59138,"edition_id":1,"section_id":59138,"structure_id":15513,"section_number":"46.2-932.1","catch_line":"Duty of driver approaching blind pedestrian; effect of failure of blind person to carry white cane or use dog guide","history":"1972, c. 156, \u00a7 63.1-171.3; 1975, c. 473; 2002, c. 747.","full_text":"The driver of a vehicle approaching a totally or partially blind pedestrian who is carrying a cane predominantly white or metallic in color (with or without a red tip) or using a dog guide shall take all necessary precautions to avoid injury to such blind pedestrian and dog guide, and any driver who fails to take such precautions shall be liable in damages for any injury caused such pedestrian and dog guide; provided that a totally or partially blind pedestrian not carrying such a cane or using a dog guide in any of the places, accommodations or conveyances listed in \u00a7 51.5-44, shall have all of the rights and privileges conferred by law upon other persons, and the failure of a totally or partially blind pedestrian to carry such a cane or to use a dog guide in any such places, accommodations or conveyances shall not be held to constitute nor be evidence of contributory negligence; provided, that nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the application of \u00a7 46.2-933 or \u00a7 46.2-934.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":216833,"text":"The driver of a vehicle approaching a totally or partially blind pedestrian who is carrying a cane predominantly white or metallic in color (with or without a red tip) or using a dog guide shall take all necessary precautions to avoid injury to such blind pedestrian and dog guide, and any driver who fails to take such precautions shall be liable in damages for any injury caused such pedestrian and dog guide; provided that a totally or partially blind pedestrian not carrying such a cane or using a dog guide in any of the places, accommodations or conveyances listed in \u00a7 51.5-44, shall have all of the rights and privileges conferred by law upon other persons, and the failure of a totally or partially blind pedestrian to carry such a cane or to use a dog guide in any such places, accommodations or conveyances shall not be held to constitute nor be evidence of contributory negligence; provided, that nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the application of \u00a7 46.2-933 or \u00a7 46.2-934.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":15513,"edition_id":1,"name":"Pedestrians","identifier":"16","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12875,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:55:43","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:55:43","permalink":{"id":230603,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15513,"identifier":"16","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/16","url":"\/46.2\/III\/8\/16\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12875,"edition_id":1,"name":"Regulation of Traffic","identifier":"8","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12827,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:58","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:58","permalink":{"id":230189,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12875,"identifier":"8","token":"46.2\/III\/8","url":"\/46.2\/III\/8\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12827,"edition_id":1,"name":"Operation","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12770,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","permalink":{"id":228597,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12827,"identifier":"III","token":"46.2\/III","url":"\/46.2\/III\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12770,"edition_id":1,"name":"Motor Vehicles","identifier":"46.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":225289,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12770,"identifier":"46.2","token":"46.2","url":"\/46.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":81465,"structure_id":15513,"section_number":"46.2-923","catch_line":"How and where pedestrians to cross highways","url":"\/46.2-923\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/16\/46.2-923","metadata":false},{"id":63508,"structure_id":15513,"section_number":"46.2-924","catch_line":"Drivers to stop for pedestrians; installation of certain signs; penalties","url":"\/46.2-924\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/16\/46.2-924","metadata":false},{"id":72338,"structure_id":15513,"section_number":"46.2-925","catch_line":"Pedestrian control signals","url":"\/46.2-925\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/16\/46.2-925","metadata":false},{"id":73494,"structure_id":15513,"section_number":"46.2-926","catch_line":"Pedestrians stepping into highway where they cannot be seen","url":"\/46.2-926\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/16\/46.2-926","metadata":false},{"id":84066,"structure_id":15513,"section_number":"46.2-927","catch_line":"Boarding or alighting from buses","url":"\/46.2-927\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/16\/46.2-927","metadata":false},{"id":68380,"structure_id":15513,"section_number":"46.2-928","catch_line":"Pedestrians not to use roadway except when necessary; keeping to left","url":"\/46.2-928\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/16\/46.2-928","metadata":false},{"id":80932,"structure_id":15513,"section_number":"46.2-929","catch_line":"Pedestrians soliciting rides","url":"\/46.2-929\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/16\/46.2-929","metadata":false},{"id":60295,"structure_id":15513,"section_number":"46.2-930","catch_line":"Loitering on bridges or highway rights-of-way","url":"\/46.2-930\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/16\/46.2-930","metadata":false},{"id":66819,"structure_id":15513,"section_number":"46.2-931","catch_line":"Localities may prohibit or regulate distribution of handbills, etc., solicitation of contributions, and sale of merchandise or services on highways within their boundaries or on public roadways and medians","url":"\/46.2-931\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/16\/46.2-931","metadata":false},{"id":64305,"structure_id":15513,"section_number":"46.2-932","catch_line":"Playing on highways; use of toy vehicle on highways, persons riding bicycles, electric personal assistive mobility devices, electric power-assisted bicycles, mopeds, etc., not to attach to vehicles; exception","url":"\/46.2-932\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/16\/46.2-932","metadata":false},{"id":59138,"structure_id":15513,"section_number":"46.2-932.1","catch_line":"Duty of driver approaching blind pedestrian; effect of failure of blind person to carry white cane or use dog guide","url":"\/46.2-932.1\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/16\/46.2-932.1","metadata":false},{"id":69312,"structure_id":15513,"section_number":"46.2-933","catch_line":"When vehicles to stop for pedestrian guided by dog or carrying white, red-tipped white, or metallic cane","url":"\/46.2-933\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/16\/46.2-933","metadata":false},{"id":64684,"structure_id":15513,"section_number":"46.2-934","catch_line":"Failure to use cane or guide dog not contributory negligence","url":"\/46.2-934\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/16\/46.2-934","metadata":false},{"id":80566,"structure_id":15513,"section_number":"46.2-935","catch_line":"Regulation by ordinance in counties, cities, and towns","url":"\/46.2-935\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/16\/46.2-935","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":64305,"structure_id":15513,"section_number":"46.2-932","catch_line":"Playing on highways; use of toy vehicle on highways, persons riding bicycles, electric personal assistive mobility devices, electric power-assisted bicycles, mopeds, etc., not to attach to vehicles; exception","url":"\/46.2-932\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/16\/46.2-932","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":69312,"structure_id":15513,"section_number":"46.2-933","catch_line":"When vehicles to stop for pedestrian guided by dog or carrying white, red-tipped white, or metallic cane","url":"\/46.2-933\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/16\/46.2-933","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/46.2-932.1\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1972. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 156 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1972 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1975, chapter 473; in 2002, chapter 747<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":69312,"section_number":"46.2-933","catch_line":"When vehicles to stop for pedestrian guided by dog or carrying white, red-tipped white, or metallic cane","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-933\/"},{"id":64684,"section_number":"46.2-934","catch_line":"Failure to use cane or guide dog not contributory negligence","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-934\/"},{"id":58207,"section_number":"51.5-44","catch_line":"Rights of persons with disabilities in public places and places of public accommodation","order_by":null,"url":"\/51.5-44\/"}],"permalink":{"id":230645,"object_type":"law","relational_id":59138,"identifier":"46.2-932.1","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/16\/46.2-932.1","url":"\/46.2-932.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/46.2-932.1\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/16\/46.2-932.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Duty of driver approaching blind pedestrian; effect of failure of blind person to carry white cane or use dog guide","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 46.2-932.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

The driver<\/span> of a vehicle<\/span> approaching a totally or partially blind pedestrian who is carrying a cane predominantly white or metallic in color (with or without a red tip) or using a dog guide shall take all necessary precautions to avoid injury to such blind pedestrian and dog guide, and any driver<\/span> who fails to take such precautions shall be liable in damages<\/span> for any injury caused such pedestrian and dog guide; provided that a totally or partially blind pedestrian not carrying such a cane or using a dog guide in any of the places, accommodations or conveyances listed in \u00a7 51.5-44<\/a>, shall have all of the rights and privileges<\/span> conferred by law<\/span> upon other persons, and the failure of a totally or partially blind pedestrian to carry such a cane or to use a dog guide in any such places, accommodations or conveyances shall not be held to constitute nor be evidence<\/span> of contributory negligence<\/span>; provided, that nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the application of \u00a7 46.2-933<\/a> or \u00a7 46.2-934<\/a>.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDUTY OF DRIVER APPROACHING BLIND PEDESTRIAN; EFFECT OF FAILURE OF BLIND PERSON\nTO CARRY WHITE CANE OR USE DOG GUIDE (\u00a7 46.2-932.1)\n\nThe driver of a vehicle approaching a totally or partially blind pedestrian who\nis carrying a cane predominantly white or metallic in color (with or without a\nred tip) or using a dog guide shall take all necessary precautions to avoid\ninjury to such blind pedestrian and dog guide, and any driver who fails to take\nsuch precautions shall be liable in damages for any injury caused such\npedestrian and dog guide; provided that a totally or partially blind pedestrian\nnot carrying such a cane or using a dog guide in any of the places,\naccommodations or conveyances listed in \u00a7 51.5-44, shall have all of the rights\nand privileges conferred by law upon other persons, and the failure of a totally\nor partially blind pedestrian to carry such a cane or to use a dog guide in any\nsuch places, accommodations or conveyances shall not be held to constitute nor\nbe evidence of contributory negligence; provided, that nothing in this section\nshall be construed to limit the application of \u00a7 46.2-933 or \u00a7 46.2-934.\n\nHISTORY: 1972, c. 156, \u00a7 63.1-171.3; 1975, c. 473; 2002, c. 747.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}