{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/5.1-1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/5.1-1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/5.1-1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/5.1-1.html"}],"law_id":56783,"edition_id":1,"section_id":56783,"structure_id":14181,"section_number":"5.1-1","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2030) Definitions","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 5-1; 1966, c. 576; 1970, c. 717; 1975, c. 561; 1979, c. 272; 1980, c. 721; 1988, c. 588; 2011, c. 809; 2018, cc. 357, 441.","full_text":"When used in this title, unless expressly stated otherwise:\n\t\t“Aircraft” means any contrivance now known, or hereafter invented, used, or designed for navigation of or flight in the air, including a balloon or other contrivance designed for maneuvering in airspace at an altitude greater than 24 inches above ground or water level, except that any contrivance now or hereafter invented of fixed or flexible wing design, operating without the assistance of any motor, engine, or other mechanical propulsive device, which is designed to utilize the feet and legs of the operator or operators as the sole means of initiating and sustaining forward motion during the launch and of providing the point of contact with the ground upon landing and commonly called a “hang glider” shall not be included within this definition.\n\t\t“Aircraft based in this Commonwealth” means an aircraft that is either (i) domiciled in a county, city, or town in the Commonwealth or (ii) parked in a county, city, or town in the Commonwealth when not in flight for the period of time specified in \u00a7 5.1-5.\n\t\t“Airman” means any individual, including the person in command and any pilot, mechanic, or member of the crew, who engages in the navigation of aircraft while under way within Virginia airspace; any individual who is directly in charge of the inspection, maintenance, overhauling, or repair of aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers, or accessories; and any individual who serves in the capacity of aircraft dispatcher.\n\t\t“Air navigation facility” means any airport ground or air navigation facility, other than one owned and operated by the United States, used in, available for use in, or designed for use in aid of air navigation, including any structures, buildings, mechanisms, lights, beacons, markers, communicating systems, or other instrumentalities or devices, and any combination of any or all of such facilities, used or useful as an aid, or constituting any advantage or convenience, to the safe taking off, navigation, and landing of aircraft; in the safe and efficient operation or maintenance of an airport; in the safe, efficient and convenient handling or processing of aviation passengers, mail or cargo; or in the servicing or maintenance of aircraft or ground equipment.\n\t\t“Airport” means any area of land or water which is used, or intended for public use, for the landing and takeoff of aircraft, and any appurtenant areas that are used, or intended for use, for airport buildings or other airport facilities or rights-of-way, easements and together with all airport buildings and facilities located thereon.\n\t\t“Airport hazard” means any structure, object or natural growth, or use of land that obstructs the airspace required for the flight of aircraft in landing or taking off at an airport or is otherwise hazardous to such landing or taking off of aircraft.\n\t\t“Airspace” means all that space above the land and waters within the boundary of the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Board” means the Virginia Aviation Board.\n\t\t“Civil aircraft” means any aircraft other than a public aircraft.\n\t\t“Commercial aircraft” means any civil aircraft used in flight activity for compensation or for hire.\n\t\t“Contract carrier by aircraft” or “contract carrier” means any person not included under the definitions of “common carrier by aircraft” or “restricted common carrier by aircraft” as defined in \u00a7 5.1-89 who, under special and individual contracts or agreements, and whether directly or by a lease or any other arrangement, transports passengers or property by aircraft for compensation and in the transportation of passengers does not charge individual fares.\n\t\t“Department” means the Department of Aviation.\n\t\t“Drop zone” means any locality whether over land or water that is used, or intended for use, for the landing and recovery of sky divers or parachutists using a parachute or other contrivance designed for sport jumping.\n\t\t“Landing area” or “landing field” means any locality, whether over land or water, including airports and intermediate landing fields, which is used or intended to be used for the landing and takeoff of aircraft and open to the public for such use, whether or not facilities are provided for the sheltering, servicing, or repair of aircraft or for receiving or discharging passengers or cargo.\n\t\t“Person” means any individual, corporation, government, political subdivision of the Commonwealth, or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, two or more of any of the foregoing having a joint or common interest, or any other legal or commercial entity.\n\t\t“Public aircraft” means an aircraft used exclusively in the service of any state, or political subdivision thereof, or the federal government.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":207789,"text":"When used in this title, unless expressly stated otherwise:\n\t\t“Aircraft” means any contrivance now known, or hereafter invented, used, or designed for navigation of or flight in the air, including a balloon or other contrivance designed for maneuvering in airspace at an altitude greater than 24 inches above ground or water level, except that any contrivance now or hereafter invented of fixed or flexible wing design, operating without the assistance of any motor, engine, or other mechanical propulsive device, which is designed to utilize the feet and legs of the operator or operators as the sole means of initiating and sustaining forward motion during the launch and of providing the point of contact with the ground upon landing and commonly called a “hang glider” shall not be included within this definition.\n\t\t“Aircraft based in this Commonwealth” means an aircraft that is either (i) domiciled in a county, city, or town in the Commonwealth or (ii) parked in a county, city, or town in the Commonwealth when not in flight for the period of time specified in \u00a7 5.1-5.\n\t\t“Airman” means any individual, including the person in command and any pilot, mechanic, or member of the crew, who engages in the navigation of aircraft while under way within Virginia airspace; any individual who is directly in charge of the inspection, maintenance, overhauling, or repair of aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers, or accessories; and any individual who serves in the capacity of aircraft dispatcher.\n\t\t“Air navigation facility” means any airport ground or air navigation facility, other than one owned and operated by the United States, used in, available for use in, or designed for use in aid of air navigation, including any structures, buildings, mechanisms, lights, beacons, markers, communicating systems, or other instrumentalities or devices, and any combination of any or all of such facilities, used or useful as an aid, or constituting any advantage or convenience, to the safe taking off, navigation, and landing of aircraft; in the safe and efficient operation or maintenance of an airport; in the safe, efficient and convenient handling or processing of aviation passengers, mail or cargo; or in the servicing or maintenance of aircraft or ground equipment.\n\t\t“Airport” means any area of land or water which is used, or intended for public use, for the landing and takeoff of aircraft, and any appurtenant areas that are used, or intended for use, for airport buildings or other airport facilities or rights-of-way, easements and together with all airport buildings and facilities located thereon.\n\t\t“Airport hazard” means any structure, object or natural growth, or use of land that obstructs the airspace required for the flight of aircraft in landing or taking off at an airport or is otherwise hazardous to such landing or taking off of aircraft.\n\t\t“Airspace” means all that space above the land and waters within the boundary of the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Board” means the Virginia Aviation Board.\n\t\t“Civil aircraft” means any aircraft other than a public aircraft.\n\t\t“Commercial aircraft” means any civil aircraft used in flight activity for compensation or for hire.\n\t\t“Contract carrier by aircraft” or “contract carrier” means any person not included under the definitions of “common carrier by aircraft” or “restricted common carrier by aircraft” as defined in \u00a7 5.1-89 who, under special and individual contracts or agreements, and whether directly or by a lease or any other arrangement, transports passengers or property by aircraft for compensation and in the transportation of passengers does not charge individual fares.\n\t\t“Department” means the Department of Aviation.\n\t\t“Drop zone” means any locality whether over land or water that is used, or intended for use, for the landing and recovery of sky divers or parachutists using a parachute or other contrivance designed for sport jumping.\n\t\t“Landing area” or “landing field” means any locality, whether over land or water, including airports and intermediate landing fields, which is used or intended to be used for the landing and takeoff of aircraft and open to the public for such use, whether or not facilities are provided for the sheltering, servicing, or repair of aircraft or for receiving or discharging passengers or cargo.\n\t\t“Person” means any individual, corporation, government, political subdivision of the Commonwealth, or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, two or more of any of the foregoing having a joint or common interest, or any other legal or commercial entity.\n\t\t“Public aircraft” means an aircraft used exclusively in the service of any state, or political subdivision thereof, or the federal government.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":14181,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":14180,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:09","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:09","permalink":{"id":233303,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14181,"identifier":"1","token":"5.1\/1\/1","url":"\/5.1\/1\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":14180,"edition_id":1,"name":"Aircraft, Airmen and Airports 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adequate security","url":"\/5.1-9.8\/","token":"5.1\/1\/1\/5.1-9.8","metadata":false},{"id":65374,"structure_id":14181,"section_number":"5.1-9.9","catch_line":"Same; duration of permits; suspension or revocation; penalty","url":"\/5.1-9.9\/","token":"5.1\/1\/1\/5.1-9.9","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":72513,"structure_id":14181,"section_number":"5.1-1.1","catch_line":"Creation of Department of Aviation","url":"\/5.1-1.1\/","token":"5.1\/1\/1\/5.1-1.1","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/5.1-1\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 8 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1966, chapter 576; in 1970, chapter 717; in 1975, chapter 561; in 1979, chapter 272; in 1980, chapter 721; in 1988, chapter 588; in 2011, chapter 809<\/a>; in 2018, chapters 357<\/a> and 441<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":57949,"section_number":"33.2-114","catch_line":"Virginia Aviation Board and Virginia Port Authority powers","order_by":null,"url":"\/33.2-114\/"},{"id":70253,"section_number":"4.1-1302","catch_line":"Search without warrant; odor of marijuana","order_by":null,"url":"\/4.1-1302\/"},{"id":69382,"section_number":"5.1-1.6","catch_line":"Further powers and duties of Department; State Corporation Commission to administer Chapter 9","order_by":null,"url":"\/5.1-1.6\/"},{"id":65035,"section_number":"5.1-30.1","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/5.1-30.1\/"},{"id":69500,"section_number":"5.1-88.1","catch_line":"Proof of financial responsibility to be furnished for each aircraft","order_by":null,"url":"\/5.1-88.1\/"},{"id":69110,"section_number":"58.1-816","catch_line":"(Contingent effective date \u2014 see Acts 2020, cc. 1241 and 1281) Distribution of recordation tax to cities and counties","order_by":null,"url":"\/58.1-816\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":57054,"section_number":"5.1-5","catch_line":"Registration of aircraft","order_by":null,"url":"\/5.1-5\/"},{"id":66420,"section_number":"5.1-89","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/5.1-89\/"}],"permalink":{"id":233305,"object_type":"law","relational_id":56783,"identifier":"5.1-1","token":"5.1\/1\/1\/5.1-1","url":"\/5.1-1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/5.1-1\/","token":"5.1\/1\/1\/5.1-1","dublin_core":{"Title":"(Effective July 1, 2030) Definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 5.1-1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

When used in this title, unless expressly stated otherwise:\n\t\t“Aircraft” means any contrivance now known, or hereafter invented, used, or designed for navigation of or flight in the air, including a balloon or other contrivance designed for maneuvering in airspace<\/span> at an altitude greater than 24 inches above ground or water level, except that any contrivance now or hereafter invented of fixed or flexible wing design, operating without the assistance of any motor, engine, or other mechanical propulsive device, which is designed to utilize the feet and legs of the operator or operators as the sole means of initiating and sustaining forward motion<\/span> during the launch and of providing the point of contact with the ground upon landing and commonly called a “hang glider<\/span>” shall not be included within this definition.\n\t\t“Aircraft based in this Commonwealth<\/span>” means an aircraft that is either (i) domiciled in a county, city, or town in the Commonwealth or (ii) parked in a county, city, or town in the Commonwealth when not in flight for the period of time specified in \u00a7 5.1-5<\/a>.\n\t\t“Airman<\/span>” means any individual, including the person<\/span> in command and any pilot, mechanic, or member of the crew, who engages in the navigation of aircraft while under way within Virginia airspace<\/span>; any individual who is directly in charge of the inspection, maintenance, overhauling, or repair of aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers, or accessories; and any individual who serves in the capacity of aircraft dispatcher.\n\t\t“Air navigation facility<\/span>” means any airport ground or air navigation facility<\/span>, other than one owned and operated by the United States, used in, available for use in, or designed for use in aid of air navigation, including any structures, buildings, mechanisms, lights, beacons, markers, communicating systems, or other instrumentalities or devices, and any combination of any or all of such facilities, used or useful as an aid, or constituting any advantage or convenience, to the safe taking off, navigation, and landing of aircraft; in the safe and efficient operation or maintenance of an airport; in the safe, efficient and convenient handling or processing of aviation passengers, mail or cargo; or in the servicing or maintenance of aircraft or ground equipment.\n\t\t“Airport” means any area of land or water which is used, or intended for public use, for the landing and takeoff of aircraft, and any appurtenant areas that are used, or intended for use, for airport buildings or other airport facilities or rights-of-way, easements and together with all airport buildings and facilities located thereon.\n\t\t“Airport hazard<\/span>” means any structure, object<\/span> or natural growth, or use of land that obstructs the airspace<\/span> required for the flight of aircraft in landing or taking off at an airport or is otherwise hazardous to such landing or taking off of aircraft.\n\t\t“Airspace<\/span>” means all that space above the land and waters within the boundary of the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Board<\/span>” means the Virginia Aviation Board<\/span>.\n\t\t“Civil aircraft<\/span>” means any aircraft other than a public aircraft<\/span>.\n\t\t“Commercial aircraft<\/span>” means any civil aircraft<\/span> used in flight activity for compensation or for hire.\n\t\t“Contract carrier by aircraft<\/span>” or “contract carrier” means any person<\/span> not included under the definitions of “common carrier by aircraft<\/span>” or “restricted common carrier by aircraft<\/span><\/span>” as defined in \u00a7 5.1-89<\/a> who, under special and individual contracts<\/span> or agreements, and whether directly or by a lease or any other arrangement, transports passengers or property by aircraft for compensation and in the transportation of passengers does not charge individual fares.\n\t\t“Department<\/span>” means the Department<\/span> of Aviation.\n\t\t“Drop zone<\/span>” means any locality whether over land or water that is used, or intended for use, for the landing and recovery of sky divers or parachutists using a parachute or other contrivance designed for sport jumping.\n\t\t“Landing area<\/span>” or “landing field<\/span>” means any locality, whether over land or water, including airports<\/span> and intermediate landing fields<\/span>, which is used or intended to be used for the landing and takeoff of aircraft and open to the public for such use, whether or not facilities are provided for the sheltering, servicing, or repair of aircraft or for receiving or discharging passengers or cargo.\n\t\t“Person<\/span>” means any individual, corporation, government, political subdivision of the Commonwealth, or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, two or more of any of the foregoing having a joint or common interest, or any other legal or commercial entity.\n\t\t“Public aircraft<\/span>” means an aircraft used exclusively in the service of any state, or political subdivision thereof, or the federal government.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\n(EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2030) DEFINITIONS (\u00a7 5.1-1)\n\nWhen used in this title, unless expressly stated otherwise:\n\t\t“Aircraft” means any contrivance now known, or hereafter invented,\nused, or designed for navigation of or flight in the air, including a balloon or\nother contrivance designed for maneuvering in airspace at an altitude greater\nthan 24 inches above ground or water level, except that any contrivance now or\nhereafter invented of fixed or flexible wing design, operating without the\nassistance of any motor, engine, or other mechanical propulsive device, which is\ndesigned to utilize the feet and legs of the operator or operators as the sole\nmeans of initiating and sustaining forward motion during the launch and of\nproviding the point of contact with the ground upon landing and commonly called\na “hang glider” shall not be included within this definition.\n\t\t“Aircraft based in this Commonwealth” means an aircraft that is\neither (i) domiciled in a county, city, or town in the Commonwealth or (ii)\nparked in a county, city, or town in the Commonwealth when not in flight for the\nperiod of time specified in \u00a7 5.1-5.\n\t\t“Airman” means any individual, including the person in command and\nany pilot, mechanic, or member of the crew, who engages in the navigation of\naircraft while under way within Virginia airspace; any individual who is\ndirectly in charge of the inspection, maintenance, overhauling, or repair of\naircraft, aircraft engines, propellers, or accessories; and any individual who\nserves in the capacity of aircraft dispatcher.\n\t\t“Air navigation facility” means any airport ground or air\nnavigation facility, other than one owned and operated by the United States,\nused in, available for use in, or designed for use in aid of air navigation,\nincluding any structures, buildings, mechanisms, lights, beacons, markers,\ncommunicating systems, or other instrumentalities or devices, and any\ncombination of any or all of such facilities, used or useful as an aid, or\nconstituting any advantage or convenience, to the safe taking off, navigation,\nand landing of aircraft; in the safe and efficient operation or maintenance of\nan airport; in the safe, efficient and convenient handling or processing of\naviation passengers, mail or cargo; or in the servicing or maintenance of\naircraft or ground equipment.\n\t\t“Airport” means any area of land or water which is used, or\nintended for public use, for the landing and takeoff of aircraft, and any\nappurtenant areas that are used, or intended for use, for airport buildings or\nother airport facilities or rights-of-way, easements and together with all\nairport buildings and facilities located thereon.\n\t\t“Airport hazard” means any structure, object or natural growth, or\nuse of land that obstructs the airspace required for the flight of aircraft in\nlanding or taking off at an airport or is otherwise hazardous to such landing or\ntaking off of aircraft.\n\t\t“Airspace” means all that space above the land and waters within\nthe boundary of the Commonwealth.\n\t\t“Board” means the Virginia Aviation Board.\n\t\t“Civil aircraft” means any aircraft other than a public aircraft.\n\t\t“Commercial aircraft” means any civil aircraft used in flight\nactivity for compensation or for hire.\n\t\t“Contract carrier by aircraft” or “contract carrier”\nmeans any person not included under the definitions of “common carrier by\naircraft” or “restricted common carrier by aircraft” as\ndefined in \u00a7 5.1-89 who, under special and individual contracts or agreements,\nand whether directly or by a lease or any other arrangement, transports\npassengers or property by aircraft for compensation and in the transportation of\npassengers does not charge individual fares.\n\t\t“Department” means the Department of Aviation.\n\t\t“Drop zone” means any locality whether over land or water that is\nused, or intended for use, for the landing and recovery of sky divers or\nparachutists using a parachute or other contrivance designed for sport jumping.\n\t\t“Landing area” or “landing field” means any locality,\nwhether over land or water, including airports and intermediate landing fields,\nwhich is used or intended to be used for the landing and takeoff of aircraft and\nopen to the public for such use, whether or not facilities are provided for the\nsheltering, servicing, or repair of aircraft or for receiving or discharging\npassengers or cargo.\n\t\t“Person” means any individual, corporation, government, political\nsubdivision of the Commonwealth, or governmental subdivision or agency, business\ntrust, estate, trust, partnership, two or more of any of the foregoing having a\njoint or common interest, or any other legal or commercial entity.\n\t\t“Public aircraft” means an aircraft used exclusively in the\nservice of any state, or political subdivision thereof, or the federal\ngovernment.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 5-1; 1966, c. 576; 1970, c. 717; 1975, c. 561; 1979, c.\n272; 1980, c. 721; 1988, c. 588; 2011, c. 809; 2018, cc. 357, 441.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}