{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/54.1-106.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/54.1-106.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/54.1-106.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/54.1-106.html"}],"law_id":77303,"edition_id":1,"section_id":77303,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-106","catch_line":"Health care professionals rendering services to patients of certain clinics and administrators of such services exempt from liability","history":"1983, c. 25, \u00a7 54-1.2:2; 1988, c. 765; 1989, c. 159; 1992, cc. 414, 706; 1995, cc. 509, 531; 1996, c. 748; 1999, c. 834; 2000, cc. 473, 618, 632; 2004, c. 49; 2010, c. 353; 2017, cc. 57, 415.","full_text":"A\n\nNo person who is licensed or certified by the Boards of\/for Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology; Counseling; Dentistry; Medicine; Nursing; Optometry; Opticians; Pharmacy; Hearing Aid Specialists; Psychology; or Social Work or who holds a multistate licensure privilege to practice nursing issued by the Board of Nursing who renders at any site any health care services within the limits of his license, certification or licensure privilege, voluntarily and without compensation, to any patient of any clinic which is organized in whole or in part for the delivery of health care services without charge or any clinic for the indigent and uninsured that is organized for the delivery of primary health care services as a federally qualified health center designated by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, shall be liable for any civil damages for any act or omission resulting from the rendering of such services unless the act or omission was the result of his gross negligence or willful misconduct. Additionally, no person who administers, organizes, arranges, or promotes such services shall be liable to patients of clinics described in this section for any civil damages for any act or omission resulting from the rendering of such services unless the act or omission was the result of his or the clinic’s gross negligence or willful misconduct.\n\t\t\tFor purposes of this section, any commissioned or contract medical officers or dentists serving on active duty in the United States armed services and assigned to duty as practicing commissioned or contract medical officers or dentists at any military hospital or medical facility owned and operated by the United States government shall be deemed to be licensed pursuant to this title.B\n\nFor the purposes of Article 5 (§ 2.2-1832 et seq.) of Chapter 18 of Title 2.2, any person rendering such health care services who (i) is registered with the Division of Risk Management and (ii) has no legal or financial interest in the clinic from which the patient is referred shall be deemed an agent of the Commonwealth and to be acting in an authorized governmental capacity with respect to delivery of such health care services. The premium for coverage of such person under the Risk Management Plan shall be paid by the Department of Health.C\n\nFor the purposes of this section and Article 5 (§ 2.2-1832 et seq.) of Chapter 18 of Title 2.2, “delivery of health care services without charge” shall be deemed to include the delivery of dental, medical or other health services when a reasonable minimum fee is charged to cover administrative costs.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":277271,"text":"No person who is licensed or certified by the Boards of\/for Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology; Counseling; Dentistry; Medicine; Nursing; Optometry; Opticians; Pharmacy; Hearing Aid Specialists; Psychology; or Social Work or who holds a multistate licensure privilege to practice nursing issued by the Board of Nursing who renders at any site any health care services within the limits of his license, certification or licensure privilege, voluntarily and without compensation, to any patient of any clinic which is organized in whole or in part for the delivery of health care services without charge or any clinic for the indigent and uninsured that is organized for the delivery of primary health care services as a federally qualified health center designated by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, shall be liable for any civil damages for any act or omission resulting from the rendering of such services unless the act or omission was the result of his gross negligence or willful misconduct. Additionally, no person who administers, organizes, arranges, or promotes such services shall be liable to patients of clinics described in this section for any civil damages for any act or omission resulting from the rendering of such services unless the act or omission was the result of his or the clinic’s gross negligence or willful misconduct.\n\t\t\tFor purposes of this section, any commissioned or contract medical officers or dentists serving on active duty in the United States armed services and assigned to duty as practicing commissioned or contract medical officers or dentists at any military hospital or medical facility owned and operated by the United States government shall be deemed to be licensed pursuant to this title.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":277272,"text":"For the purposes of Article 5 (§ 2.2-1832 et seq.) of Chapter 18 of Title 2.2, any person rendering such health care services who (i) is registered with the Division of Risk Management and (ii) has no legal or financial interest in the clinic from which the patient is referred shall be deemed an agent of the Commonwealth and to be acting in an authorized governmental capacity with respect to delivery of such health care services. The premium for coverage of such person under the Risk Management Plan shall be paid by the Department of Health.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":277273,"text":"For the purposes of this section and Article 5 (§ 2.2-1832 et seq.) of Chapter 18 of Title 2.2, “delivery of health care services without charge” shall be deemed to include the delivery of dental, medical or other health services when a reasonable minimum fee is charged to cover administrative costs.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":12982,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12981,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:06","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:06","permalink":{"id":239317,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12982,"identifier":"1","token":"54.1\/I\/1","url":"\/54.1\/I\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12981,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions Relating to Regulatory Boards","identifier":"I","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12754,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:06","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:06","permalink":{"id":239315,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12981,"identifier":"I","token":"54.1\/I","url":"\/54.1\/I\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12754,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations","identifier":"54.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239313,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12754,"identifier":"54.1","token":"54.1","url":"\/54.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":66147,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-100","catch_line":"Regulations of professions and occupations","url":"\/54.1-100\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-100","metadata":false},{"id":76460,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-100.1","catch_line":"Department of Commerce continued as Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation","url":"\/54.1-100.1\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-100.1","metadata":false},{"id":65566,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-101","catch_line":"Copies of examinations filed by regulatory boards","url":"\/54.1-101\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-101","metadata":false},{"id":67393,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-101.1","catch_line":"Certified mail; subsequent mail or notices may be sent by regular mail","url":"\/54.1-101.1\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-101.1","metadata":false},{"id":76077,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-102","catch_line":"Unlawful procurement of certificate, license or permit; unauthorized possession of examination or answers; penalty","url":"\/54.1-102\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-102","metadata":false},{"id":64061,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-103","catch_line":"Additional training of regulated persons; reciprocity; endorsement","url":"\/54.1-103\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-103","metadata":false},{"id":80502,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-104","catch_line":"Suspension of license, certificate, registration, permit, or authority for dishonor of fee payment; reinstatement","url":"\/54.1-104\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-104","metadata":false},{"id":84071,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-104.1","catch_line":"License, certificate, registration, permit, or authority may not be suspended or revoked solely on the basis of default or delinquency in payment of federal-guaranteed or state-guaranteed education loan or scholarship","url":"\/54.1-104.1\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-104.1","metadata":false},{"id":76790,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-105","catch_line":"Majority of board or panel required to suspend or revoke license, certificate, registration, permit, or multistate licensure privilege; imposition of sanctions","url":"\/54.1-105\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-105","metadata":false},{"id":77303,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-106","catch_line":"Health care professionals rendering services to patients of certain clinics and administrators of such services exempt from liability","url":"\/54.1-106\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-106","metadata":false},{"id":72632,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-106.1","catch_line":"Notification to licensees of the Board of Medicine about immunity for health care services to patients of free clinics","url":"\/54.1-106.1\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-106.1","metadata":false},{"id":81026,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-107","catch_line":"Appointments, terms and removal of members of regulatory boards; citizen members","url":"\/54.1-107\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-107","metadata":false},{"id":75101,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-108","catch_line":"Disclosure of official records","url":"\/54.1-108\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-108","metadata":false},{"id":56621,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-109","catch_line":"Reviews and appeals","url":"\/54.1-109\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-109","metadata":false},{"id":86029,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-110","catch_line":"Presiding officer; participation of board in hearing; disqualification of board member","url":"\/54.1-110\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-110","metadata":false},{"id":70430,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-111","catch_line":"Unlawful acts; prosecution; proceedings in equity; civil penalty","url":"\/54.1-111\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-111","metadata":false},{"id":54066,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-112","catch_line":"Copies of records as evidence","url":"\/54.1-112\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-112","metadata":false},{"id":72059,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-113","catch_line":"Regulatory boards to adjust fees; certain transfer of moneys collected on behalf of health regulatory boards prohibited","url":"\/54.1-113\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-113","metadata":false},{"id":63057,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-114","catch_line":"Biennial report","url":"\/54.1-114\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-114","metadata":false},{"id":55459,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-115","catch_line":"Expired","url":"\/54.1-115\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-115","metadata":false},{"id":77180,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-116","catch_line":"Applicants to include social security numbers, or other identifying number; exemption","url":"\/54.1-116\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-116","metadata":false},{"id":73444,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-117","catch_line":"Expiration of documents issued to persons in diplomatic service and the armed services of the United States","url":"\/54.1-117\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-117","metadata":false},{"id":68838,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-118","catch_line":"Qualifications for licensure, etc.; substantially equivalent military training and education","url":"\/54.1-118\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-118","metadata":false},{"id":86077,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-119","catch_line":"Expediting the issuance of licenses, etc., to spouses of military service members; issuance of temporary licenses, etc","url":"\/54.1-119\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-119","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":76790,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-105","catch_line":"Majority of board or panel required to suspend or revoke license, certificate, registration, permit, or multistate licensure privilege; imposition of sanctions","url":"\/54.1-105\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-105","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":72632,"structure_id":12982,"section_number":"54.1-106.1","catch_line":"Notification to licensees of the Board of Medicine about immunity for health care services to patients of free clinics","url":"\/54.1-106.1\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-106.1","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/54.1-106\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1983. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 25 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1983 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 10 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1988, chapter 765; in 1989, chapter 159; in 1992, chapters 414 and 706; in 1995, chapters 509<\/a> and 531<\/a>; in 1996, chapter 748<\/a>; in 1999, chapter 834<\/a>; in 2000, chapters 473<\/a>, 618<\/a>, and 632<\/a>; in 2004, chapter 49<\/a>; in 2010, chapter 353<\/a>; in 2017, chapters 57<\/a> and 415<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":72632,"section_number":"54.1-106.1","catch_line":"Notification to licensees of the Board of Medicine about immunity for health care services to patients of free clinics","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-106.1\/"},{"id":78045,"section_number":"54.1-2701","catch_line":"Exemptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2701\/"},{"id":83528,"section_number":"54.1-2901","catch_line":"Exceptions and exemptions generally","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2901\/"},{"id":67353,"section_number":"54.1-2927","catch_line":"Applicants from other states without reciprocity; temporary licenses or certificates for certain practitioners of the healing arts","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2927\/"},{"id":67409,"section_number":"54.1-2928.1","catch_line":"Restricted volunteer license","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2928.1\/"},{"id":74588,"section_number":"54.1-3476","catch_line":"Exemptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-3476\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":59008,"section_number":"2.2-1832","catch_line":"Division of Risk Management","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-1832\/"}],"permalink":{"id":239355,"object_type":"law","relational_id":77303,"identifier":"54.1-106","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-106","url":"\/54.1-106\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/54.1-106\/","token":"54.1\/I\/1\/54.1-106","dublin_core":{"Title":"Health care professionals rendering services to patients of certain clinics and administrators of such services exempt from liability","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 54.1-106","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> No person who is licensed or certified by the Boards of\/for Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology; Counseling; Dentistry; Medicine; Nursing; Optometry; Opticians; Pharmacy; Hearing<\/span> Aid Specialists; Psychology; or Social Work or who holds a multistate licensure privilege<\/span> to practice nursing issued by the Board of Nursing who renders at any site any health care services within the limits of his license, certification or licensure privilege<\/span>, voluntarily and without compensation, to any patient of any clinic which is organized in whole or in part for the delivery of health care services without charge or any clinic for the indigent<\/span> and uninsured that is organized for the delivery of primary health care services as a federally qualified health center designated by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, shall be liable for any civil damages<\/span> for any act or omission resulting from the rendering of such services unless the act or omission was the result of his gross negligence<\/span> or willful misconduct. Additionally, no person who administers, organizes, arranges, or promotes such services shall be liable to patients of clinics described in this section for any civil damages<\/span> for any act or omission resulting from the rendering of such services unless the act or omission was the result of his or the clinic’s gross negligence<\/span> or willful misconduct.\n\t\t\tFor purposes of this section, any commissioned or contract<\/span> medical officers or dentists serving on active duty in the United States armed services and assigned to duty as practicing commissioned or contract<\/span> medical officers or dentists at any military hospital or medical facility owned and operated by the United States government shall be deemed to be licensed pursuant to this title. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> For the purposes of Article 5 (§ 2.2-1832<\/a> et seq.) of Chapter 18 of Title 2.2, any person rendering such health care services who (i) is registered with the Division of Risk Management and (ii) has no legal or financial interest in the clinic from which the patient is referred shall be deemed an agent of the Commonwealth and to be acting in an authorized governmental capacity with respect to delivery of such health care services. The premium for coverage of such person under the Risk Management Plan shall be paid by the Department of Health. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> For the purposes of this section and Article 5 (§ 2.2-1832<\/a> et seq.) of Chapter 18 of Title 2.2, “delivery of health care services without charge” shall be deemed to include the delivery of dental, medical or other health services when a reasonable minimum fee is charged to cover administrative costs. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nHEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS RENDERING SERVICES TO PATIENTS OF CERTAIN CLINICS AND\nADMINISTRATORS OF SUCH SERVICES EXEMPT FROM LIABILITY (\u00a7 54.1-106)\n\nA. No person who is licensed or certified by the Boards of\/for Audiology and\nSpeech-Language Pathology; Counseling; Dentistry; Medicine; Nursing; Optometry;\nOpticians; Pharmacy; Hearing Aid Specialists; Psychology; or Social Work or who\nholds a multistate licensure privilege to practice nursing issued by the Board\nof Nursing who renders at any site any health care services within the limits of\nhis license, certification or licensure privilege, voluntarily and without\ncompensation, to any patient of any clinic which is organized in whole or in\npart for the delivery of health care services without charge or any clinic for\nthe indigent and uninsured that is organized for the delivery of primary health\ncare services as a federally qualified health center designated by the Centers\nfor Medicare & Medicaid Services, shall be liable for any civil damages for\nany act or omission resulting from the rendering of such services unless the act\nor omission was the result of his gross negligence or willful misconduct.\nAdditionally, no person who administers, organizes, arranges, or promotes such\nservices shall be liable to patients of clinics described in this section for\nany civil damages for any act or omission resulting from the rendering of such\nservices unless the act or omission was the result of his or the clinic’s\ngross negligence or willful misconduct.\n\t\t\tFor purposes of this section, any commissioned or contract medical officers\nor dentists serving on active duty in the United States armed services and\nassigned to duty as practicing commissioned or contract medical officers or\ndentists at any military hospital or medical facility owned and operated by the\nUnited States government shall be deemed to be licensed pursuant to this title.\n\nB. For the purposes of Article 5 (§ 2.2-1832 et seq.) of Chapter 18 of\nTitle 2.2, any person rendering such health care services who (i) is registered\nwith the Division of Risk Management and (ii) has no legal or financial interest\nin the clinic from which the patient is referred shall be deemed an agent of the\nCommonwealth and to be acting in an authorized governmental capacity with\nrespect to delivery of such health care services. The premium for coverage of\nsuch person under the Risk Management Plan shall be paid by the Department of\nHealth.\n\nC. For the purposes of this section and Article 5 (§ 2.2-1832 et seq.) of\nChapter 18 of Title 2.2, “delivery of health care services without\ncharge” shall be deemed to include the delivery of dental, medical or\nother health services when a reasonable minimum fee is charged to cover\nadministrative costs.\n\nHISTORY: 1983, c. 25, \u00a7 54-1.2:2; 1988, c. 765; 1989, c. 159; 1992, cc. 414,\n706; 1995, cc. 509, 531; 1996, c. 748; 1999, c. 834; 2000, cc. 473, 618, 632;\n2004, c. 49; 2010, c. 353; 2017, cc. 57, 415.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}